[COLOR="DarkRed"][SIZE="5"][CENTER][CENTER]I think, this time all of you will participate, as the paper seems intersting.[/CENTER][/CENTER][/SIZE][/COLOR]
[COLOR="Blue"][SIZE="5"][CENTER]every one is welcomed [/CENTER][/SIZE][/COLOR]


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Atif

[COLOR="Blue"]7.Fill in the blanks[/COLOR]
(i) A sheet of muscles called [COLOR="blue"]diaphragm [/COLOR]separates the chest from the abdomen.
(ii) In the human body, blood-clotting factor is produced by the [COLOR="blue"][COLOR="blue"]liver[/COLOR][/COLOR]
(iii) Human blood is able to carry large amounts of oxygen because of the chemical [COLOR="blue"]hemoglobin[/COLOR]
(iv) The living part of a plant cell is composed of a nucleus and [COLOR="blue"]cytoplasm[/COLOR]
(v) The pattern for building protein molecules is stored in the m[COLOR="blue"]essenger RNA[/COLOR]
(vi) Anvil and stirrup are names of bones present in the [COLOR="blue"]EAR[/COLOR]
(vii) The front of the eye is covered with a tough transparent material called [COLOR="blue"]CORNEA[/COLOR]
(viii) The young plant inside a grain of wheat is called the [COLOR="blue"]embryo plant[/COLOR]
(ix) In born behaviour that involve only one part of the body are called [COLOR="blue"]REFLEX ACTION[/COLOR]
(x) The smallest branches of an artery lead into tiny blood vessels called [COLOR="blue"]CAPPILARIES[/COLOR]

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[COLOR="DarkRed"][SIZE="4"]9. Which quantity do the following units measure:[/SIZE][/COLOR]
(i) Volt [COLOR="darkred"]VOLTAGE[/COLOR]
(ii) Coloumb[COLOR="darkred"] CHARGE OF ELECTRICITY[/COLOR]
[COLOR="darkred"]One coulomb is the amount of electric charge transported in one second by a steady current of one ampere[/COLOR]

(iii) Walt [COLOR="darkred"]power[/COLOR]
(iv) Ohm [COLOR="darkred"]resistance[/COLOR]
(v) Mho [COLOR="darkred"]conductivity[/COLOR]
(vi) Ampere [COLOR="darkred"]current[/COLOR]
(vii) Dyne [COLOR="darkred"]force[/COLOR]
(viii) Celcius [COLOR="darkred"]temperature[/COLOR]
(ix) Joule [COLOR="darkred"]energy[/COLOR]
(x) Calorie [COLOR="darkred"]heat[/COLOR]


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Fill in the blanks.

(i) Insulin is produced in the human body by the ___________. (Liver, [B]Pancreas[/B], Gallbladder)
(ii) In an animal cell protein is synthesized in the ___________. (Nucleus, Mitochondria, [COLOR="Blue"]Ribosome[/COLOR])
(iii) Chemically finger nails are made up of ___________. (Carbohydrate, [COLOR="blue"]Protein[/COLOR], Minerals)
(iv) Muscle stiffness is a symptom caused by the disease ___________ (Polio, [COLOR="blue"]Tetanus[/COLOR], Rabies)
(v) Animals which obtain their food from dead organisms are called ___________. (Carnivores, [COLOR="blue"]Scavengers[/COLOR], Saprophytes)
(vi) ___________ is not affected by cooking. (Ascorbic acid, Thiamin, [COLOR="blue"]Riboflavin[/COLOR])
(vii) Rickets is caused by the deficiency of vitamin ___________. (A, [B][B][COLOR="blue"]D[/COLOR][/B][/B], K)
(viii) The number of chromosomes in the spermatozoa is ___________ (Twenty-two, [COLOR="blue"]twenty-three[/COLOR], Forty-six.
(ix) The fat in our food is digested by the enzymes ___________. ([COLOR="blue"][B]lipase[/B][/COLOR], lactase, trypsin)
m(x) The ost abundant element in the human body is ___________. (Carbon, Hydrogen,[B]Oxygen[/B])

14. Which of the following statements are false and which are true.

(i) Sound is a form of energy [B]T[/B]
(ii) A fraction of sunlight is refracted as it enters the earth’s atmosphere.[B]T[/B]

(iii) The energy possessed by a water fall is kinetic energy.

(iv) Rainbows are produced by the reflection of light through raindrops.[B]T[/B]

(v) Light switches in our homes are connected in parallel series.[B]T[/B]

(vi) Generators convert mechanical energy into electricity.[B]T[/B]

(vii) Modern incandescent bulbs contain filaments made of copper.

(viii) A steam engine cannot be powered by fossil fuels. [COLOR="blue"][B]F[/B][/COLOR]

(ix) Nuclear energy is a cheap source of abundant electricity. [B][COLOR="blue"]T[/COLOR][/B]
[COLOR="blue"]Nuclear power reactors are expensive to build but relatively cheap to operate[/COLOR]
(x) Oil BURNS cleaner and is less damaging to the environment than coal as a fuel.[COLOR"][B]="blueT[/B][/COLOR]


15. Match words of List A with those of List B

A....................B

[COLOR="DarkRed"]Protein............Amino acid
Magnesium....Chlorophyll..
Carotene.........Vitamin A
Bauxite..........Aluminium.
Haemitite.......Iron.
Casein..........Milk..
Pancreas.........FATS
Quartz..........Silicon..
Chlorofluorocarbon.......Ozone.
Urea.............Nitrogen..[/COLOR]

[COLOR="blue"][COLOR="blue"]corrections are acceptible[/COLOR][/COLOR]
[COLOR="blue"]rgds[/COLOR]

[COLOR=blue][COLOR=blue]11. Which par/organ of the human body do the following belong:[/COLOR][/COLOR]

(i) Eustachian tube,..... [B][COLOR=blue]ear[/COLOR][/B]
(ii) Cartilage...... [B][COLOR=blue]connective[/COLOR][/B] [B][COLOR=blue]tissue[/COLOR][/B]
(iii) Auricle........ [B][COLOR=blue]ear[/COLOR][/B]
(iv) Tendon .........[B][COLOR=blue]muscle[/COLOR][/B]
(v) Dendrites........ [B][COLOR=blue]neuron[/COLOR][/B]
[COLOR=blue]
13. Fill in the blanks.[/COLOR]

(i) Insulin is produced in the human body by the ___________. (Liver, [B][COLOR=blue]Pancreas,[/COLOR][/B] Gallbladder)
(ii) In an animal cell protein is synthesized in the ___________. (Nucleus, Mitochondria, [COLOR=blue][B]Ribosome[/B][/COLOR])
(iii) Chemically finger nails are made up of ___________. (Carbohydrate, [COLOR=blue][B]Protein[/B][/COLOR], Minerals)
(iv) Muscle stiffness is a symptom caused by the disease ___________ (Polio, [COLOR=blue][B]Tetanus[/B][/COLOR], Rabies)
(v) Animals which obtain their food from dead organisms are called ___________. (Carnivores, [COLOR=blue][B]Scavengers[/B][/COLOR], Saprophytes)
(vi) ___________ is not affected by cooking. ([COLOR=blue][B]Ascorbic acid[/B][/COLOR], Thiamin, Riboflavin)
(vii) Rickets is caused by the deficiency of vitamin ___________. (A, [COLOR=blue][B]D[/B][/COLOR], K)
(viii) The number of chromosomes in the spermatozoa is ___________ (Twenty-two, [COLOR=blue][B]twenty[/B][/COLOR]-[COLOR=blue][B]three[/B][/COLOR], Forty-six.
(ix) The fat in our food is digested by the enzymes ___________. ([COLOR=blue][B]lipase[/B][/COLOR], lactase, trypsin)
(x) The most abundant element in the human body is ___________. (Carbon, Hydrogen, [COLOR=blue][B]Oxygen[/B][/COLOR])

[COLOR=blue]14. Which of the following statements are false and which are true.[/COLOR]

(i) Sound is a form of energy [COLOR=blue][B]T[/B][/COLOR]
(ii) A fraction of sunlight is refracted as it enters the earth’s atmosphere.[COLOR=blue][B]T[/B][/COLOR]
(iii) The energy possessed by a water fall is kinetic energy.[COLOR=blue][B]F[/B][/COLOR]
(iv) Rainbows are produced by the reflection of light through raindrops[COLOR=blue][B].F[/B][/COLOR]
(v) Light switches in our homes are connected in parallel series.[COLOR=blue][B]T[/B][/COLOR]
(vi) Generators convert mechanical energy into electricity.[COLOR=blue][B]T[/B][/COLOR]
(vii) Modern incandescent bulbs contain filaments made of copper.[COLOR=blue][B]F[/B][/COLOR]
(viii) A steam engine cannot be powered by fossil fuels.[COLOR=blue][B]F[/B][/COLOR]
(ix) Nuclear energy is a cheap source of abundant electricity.[COLOR=blue][B]T[/B][/COLOR]
(x) Oil bulbs cleaner and is less damaging to the environment than coal as a fuel.[B][COLOR=blue]T[/COLOR][/B]

[COLOR=blue]15. Match words of List A with those of List B[/COLOR]

[B]A[/B]....................[B]B[/B]

Protein...........[COLOR=blue][B]Amino Acid[/B][/COLOR]
Carotene........[B][COLOR=blue]vitamin A[/COLOR][/B]
Bauxite...........[B][COLOR=blue]Al[/COLOR][/B]
Haemitite........[COLOR=blue][B]Fe[/B][/COLOR]
Casein............[COLOR=blue][B]Milk[/B][/COLOR]
Pancreas.........[COLOR=blue][B]Fats[/B][/COLOR]
Quartz............[COLOR=blue][B]Si[/B][/COLOR]
Chlorofluorocarbon..[COLOR=blue][B]ozone[/B][/COLOR]
Urea...............[COLOR=blue][B]nitrogen[/B][/COLOR]
Magnesium......[COLOR=blue][B]Chlorophyll[/B][/COLOR]

correct where wrong

[COLOR="Blue"]8. What are Exocrine glands? Give names of any four along with the name of their secretion.[/COLOR]


[COLOR="Magenta"]some extra information for the exam point of view[/COLOR]
[COLOR="DarkRed"]Gland[/COLOR], any structure of animals, plants, or insects that produces chemical secretions or excretions. Glands are classified by shape, such as [COLOR="darkred"]tubular [/COLOR]and [COLOR="darkred"]saccular[/COLOR], or saclike, and by structure, such as [COLOR="darkred"]simple [/COLOR]and [COLOR="darkred"]compound[/COLOR]. Types of the simple tubular and the simple saccular glands are, respectively, the sweat and the sebaceous glands . The kidney is a compound tubular gland, and the tear-producing glands are compound saccular . The so-called lymph glands are erroneously named and are in reality nodes .

Glands are of two principal types: (1) those of internal secretion, called [COLOR="darkred"]endocrine[/COLOR], and (2) those of external secretion, called [COLOR="darkred"]exocrine[/COLOR]. Some glands such as the pancreas produce both internal and external secretions. Because endocrine glands produce and release hormones directly into the bloodstream without passing through a canal, they are called ductless. For the functions and diseases of endocrine glands, see Endocrine System.

sweat gland.............sweat
sebaceous gland........sebum
lacrimal gland ........tears
salivary gland............saliva



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[B]3[/B].
[B]first 2 parts have already been discussed in the previous papers.[/B]

[B]Non-renewable energy [/B]is energy, taken from "finite resources that will eventually dwindle, becoming too expensive or too environmentally damaging to retrieve", as opposed to renewable energy sources , which "are naturally replenished in a relatively short period of time."

Various types of coal are mined, such as anthracite, bituminous coal, and lignite.
Petroleum forms the basis for heating oil, diesel fuel, and gasoline.
Natural gas is commonly also referred to just as gas. It is mostly methane, and most of the additional material is removed before use as a fuel.
Nuclear energy fuel for fission is mined as Uranium ore.
Propane gas is used from manufacturing and heating and makes up 1.7% of the U.S.'s energy consumption.

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[COLOR="Blue"]4. What are pesticides? Discuss their classification, commonly in use with agronomists.[/COLOR]

some important related topics are also included in this page .

[COLOR="blue"]Agronomy[/COLOR]:The science and study of crops and soils.


[COLOR="blue"]pesticides[/COLOR]:pest-killing compound: a chemical substance used to kill pests, especially insects.

[COLOR="blue"]What are pesticides?[/COLOR]Pesticides (or farm chemicals, agro chemicals or agvet chemicals) are those substances which are used to control, destroy, repel or attract pests in order to minimise their detrimental effects. Pests are those organisms like weeds, insects, bacteria, fungi, viruses and animals which adversely affect our way of life. Pests can reduce the quality and quantity of food produced by lowering production and destroying stored produce; they can harm our animals (like fleas, worms and diseases); they compete with humans for food and affect the health, welfare and way of life of people; they can destroy buildings (termites) and are a major cause of land degradation (noxious weeds, rabbits, feral pigs, etc). Pests are also a major nuisance around our homes (prickles in the lawn, flies,etc). Pest activity greatly increases the costs of farming.



Pesticides therefore are used in many situations such as livestock farming, cropping, horticulture, forestry, home gardening, homes, hospitals, kitchens, roadsides, recreational and industrial areas. They are a vital facet of farming and our everyday life


[COLOR="blue"]Pest Control[/COLOR], any of a wide range of environmental interventions that have as their objective the reduction to acceptable levels of insect pests, plant pathogens, and weed populations. Specific control techniques include chemical, physical, and biological mechanisms.


[COLOR="blue"]Compendium of Pesticide Common Names[/COLOR]Classified Lists of Pesticides


Acaricides :a substance that kills mites or ticks

Algicides
Antifeedants : Any substance that inhibits normal feeding behaviour
Avicides :An avicide is any substance (normally, a chemical) which can be used to kill birds.
Bactericides
Bird repellents
Chemosterilants :A chemosterilant is a chemical compound that causes reproductive sterility in an organism. They may be used to control pest populations by sterilizing males.

Fungicides
Herbicide
safeners
Herbicides
Insect attractants
Insect repellents
Insecticides
Mammal repellents
Mating disrupters
Molluscicides
Nematicides
Plant activators
Plant growth regulators
Rodenticides
Synergists
Virucides
[COLOR="blue"] just name some of the above said pesticides, eg Herbicide,Fungicides ,Insect repellents [/COLOR]

[COLOR="DarkRed"]for their defination see this link.[/COLOR][URL="http://www.alanwood.net/pesticides/glossary.html"]http://www.alanwood.net/pesticides/glossary.html[/URL]

[COLOR="Blue"]Explain any five of the following terms (innot more than four lines each):[/COLOR]
(i) [COLOR="blue"]Osmosis [/COLOR]

osmosis, in botany and chemistry, the flow of one constituent of a solution through a membrane while the other constituents are blocked and unable to pass through the (selecyively permeable membrane)membrane. experimentation is necessary to determine which membranes permit selective flow, or osmosis, because not all membranes act in this way. many membranes allow all or none of the constituents of a solution to pass through; only a few allow a selective flow




[COLOR="blue"]glycolysis[/COLOR]
Glycolysis, chemical process in which glucose is broken down, or catabolized, into the simpler sugar lactic acid, and energy is released.


[COLOR="blue"](ii) Phototaxis[/COLOR]

movement of organism caused by light: movement of an organism either toward or away from a source of light . Phototaxis is called positive if the movement is in the direction of light and negative if the direction is opposite.


(iii) [COLOR="blue"]Transpiration[/COLOR]

Transpiration
Transpiration, evaporation of water particles from plant surfaces, especially from the surface openings, or stomata, on leaves . Stomatal transpiration accounts for most of the water loss by a plant, but some direct evaporation also takes place through the surfaces of the epidermal cells of the leaves.


(iv) [COLOR="blue"]Saponification[/COLOR]:Saponification is the hydrolysis of an ester under basic conditions to form an alcohol and the salt of a carboxylic acid (carboxylates). Saponification is commonly used to refer to the reaction of a metallic alkali (base) with a fat or oil to form soap. Saponifiable substances are those that can be converted into soap.

Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is a caustic base. If NaOH is used a hard soap is formed, whereas when potassium hydroxide (KOH) is used, a soft soap is formed. Vegetable oils and animal fats are fatty esters in the form of triglycerides. The alkali breaks the ester bond and releases the fatty acid salt and glycerol. If necessary, soaps may be precipitated by salting it out with saturated sodium chloride. The saponification value is the amount of base required to saponify a fat sample.



[COLOR="blue"](v) Emulsion[/COLOR]A suspension of small globules of one liquid in a second liquid with which the first will not mix: an emulsion of oil in vinegar

[COLOR="blue"]related extra topics[/COLOR]

[COLOR="blue"]Chemotaxis[/COLOR], a kind of taxis, is the phenomenon in which bodily cells, bacteria, and other single-cell or multicellular organisms direct their movements according to certain chemicals in their environment. This is important for bacteria to find food (for example, glucose) by swimming towards the highest concentration of food molecules, or to flee from poisons (for example, phenol). In multicellular organisms, chemotaxis is critical to early (e.g. movement of sperm towards the egg during fertilization) and subsequent phases of development (e.g. migration of neurons or lymphocytes) as well as in normal function.
Chemotaxis is called positive if movement is in the direction of a higher concentration of the chemical in question, and negative if the direction is opposite.

[COLOR="blue"]Phototropism [/COLOR]is directional growth in which the direction of growth is determined by the direction of the light source. In other words, it is the growth and response to a light stimulus. Phototropism is most often observed in plants, but can also occur in other organisms such as fungi. Phototropism is one of the many plant tropisms or movements which respond to external stimuli. Growth towards a light source is a positive phototropism, while growth away from light is called negative phototropism (or Skototropism). Most plant shoots exhibit positive phototropism, while roots usually exhibit negative phototropism, although gravitropism may play a larger role in root behavior and growth. Some vine shoot tips exhibit negative phototropism, which allows them to grow towards dark, solid objects and climb them.

Phototropism in plants such as Arabidopsis thaliana is regulated by blue light receptors called phototropins.[1] Other photosensitive receptors in plants include phytochromes that sense red light[2] and cryptochromes that sense blue light


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[COLOR="Blue"]10. Give scientific reasons (in not more than four lines each) for the following:[/COLOR]
[COLOR="DarkRed"](i) Meat takes longer to cook on the mountains[/COLOR]

ans.the atmospheric pressure decreases as the altitude increases.The boiling point of water is 100 c at standard atm.pressure.At the mountains this atm.pressure is less, thus water boils at temperature lower than 100c.Therefore the meat takes longer time to be cooked.This can be overcome by using pressure cookers.

[COLOR="black"](ii) Water remains cool in earthen pitchers.[/COLOR]
the water gets evaporated through the pores of earthen pot and in so doing takes more heat from the water in the form of latent heat and gets cooled in turn.While a metal or glass container has no pores and therefore does not permit the evaporation of water which does not get so cooled.

[COLOR="black"](iii) Ice and salt mixture is used as a freezing agent by manual ice cream makers.[/COLOR]

salt lowers down the temperature of ice by decreasing its freezing point.That is why ice and salt mixture is used as freezing agent in ice cream making.
[COLOR="black"][COLOR="black"](iv) It is not advisable to sleep under trees during the night.[/COLOR][/COLOR]
because plants at night releases carbon dioxide and takes up oxygen.

(v) Greenhouse operators paint their glass roofs white in summer.

in summer there is already much hot and white colour has a property of reflection of light to a maximum.And therefore white colour is painted on the roofs in the summer.


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