here is the first solved paper of 2011, correct me where I have mistaken. I will try to solve old papers going back from 2011 to at least 2000. for the benefit of members.
1. The planet of the solar system which has maximum numbers of Moon is:

2011
a) Jupiter
b) Venus
c) Saturn
d) Uranus
e) None of these

2. Sun is a:

a) Planet
b) Comet
c) Satellite
d) Aurora
e) None of these (star)

3. the age of the solar system is

a) 4.5 billion years
b) 5.5 billion years
c) 6.5 billion years
d) 7.5 billion years
e) None of these

4. A unit of length equal to the average distance between the earth and sun is called

a) Light year
b) Astronomical unit
c) Parsec
d) Parallax
e) None of these

5. An eclipse of the sun occurs when

a) The moon is between the sun and the earth
b) The sun is between the earth and the moon
c) The earth is between the sun and the moon
d) The earth casts its shadow on the moon
e) None of these

6. The ozone layer protects the earth from rays sent by the sun:

a) Ultraviolet rays
b) Infrared rays
c) Gamma rays
d) radioactive rays
e) None of these

7. The ozone layer is present about 30miles (50km) in atmosphere above earth. The stratum (layer) of atmosphere in which ozone layer lies is called as:

a) Exosphere
b) Mesosphere
c) Stratosphere
d) ionosphere
e) Troposphere

8. Which rocks are formed by the alteration of pre-existing rocks by great heat or pressure

a) Igneous rocks
b) Sedimentary rocks
c) Metamorphic rocks
d) Acid rocks
e) Basic rocks

9. The most abundant natural Iron oxides are

a) Magnetite and Pyrite
b) Magnetite and Bauxite
c) Hematite and Pyrite
d) Hematite and Magnetite
e) Hematite and Bauxite

10.The most abundant elements in sea water are

a) Sodium and Potassium
b) Sodium and Calcium
c) Sodium and Chlorine
d) Chlorine and Iodine
e) Magnesium and Sulphur

11. An electric current can produce

a) Chemical effect
b) Magnetic effect
c) Heating effect
d) All of these three
e) None of these

12. The unit of home electricity energy consumption is:

a) Watt hour
b) Kilowatt hour
c) Joule hour
d) Kilojoule hour
e) None of these

13. The magnet always points in the same direction, if move freely i.e. towards north and south poles, because of:

a) Gravitational field
b) A lot of metals deposits on north and south poles
c) Due to attraction of north pole and repulsion of Western pole
d) Earth is a huge magnet
e) None of these

14. When sound is reflected from floor, ceiling or a wall , it mixes with the original sound and change its complexion, it is called as

a) Sound
b) Echo
c) Reverberation
d) noise
e) None of these

15. the speed of sound in dry air at 20 C is about

a) 130 meters per second
b) 230 meters per second
c) 330 meters per second
d) 430 meters per second
e) None of these

16.The speed of light in vacuum is about

a) 300 Million meters per second
b) 300 Million meters per hour
c) 300 Million kilometers per second
d) 300 Million kilometers per hour
e) None of these

17. The time light takes from Sun to reach Earth is:

a) 8 minutes
b) 25 minutes
c) 45 minutes
d) 60 minutes
e) None of these

18. Light from Sun travels a distance before it reaches Earth:

a) 50 Million Km
b) 100 Million Km
c) 150 Million Km
d) 200 Million Km
e) None of these

19. the most suitable thermometer for measuring the boiling point of water is:

a) Mercury thermometer
b) Alcohol thermometer
c) Bimetallic thermometer
d) Liquid crystal thermometer
e) None of these

20. The density of water is greatest at:

a) 32°C
b) 0°C
c) 4°C
d) 100°C
e) None of these

21.Which one of the following statements is true:

a) Gases do not conduct heat
b) The best conductors are non-metals
c) Conduction currents occur only in liquids
d) A vacuum cannot conduct heat
e) None of the statements is true.

22. Ice can be changed to water by:

a) Adding more water molecules
b) Changing the motion of the water molecules
c) Rearranging the atoms in water molecules
d) Destroying the atoms in water molecules
e) None of these

23. The building blocks of elements are called:

a) Atoms
b) Molecules
c) Compounds
d) Isotopes
e) None of these

24. Boiling of an egg is a change which is:

a) Physical
b) Chemical
c) Physiological
d) Morphological
e) None of these

25. The temperature of liquid nitrogen is:

a) -32°C
b) -80°C
c) -100°C
d) -196°C
e) None of these

26. Which one of the following is an alkali?

a) water
b) vinegar
c) lemon juice
d) slaked lime
e) None of these

27. If an alkali is slowly added to an acidic solution, the pH of the acidic solution will:

a) Increase
b) Decrease
c) Increase to 7 and then decrease
d) Decrease to 7 and then increase
e) Will remain same

28. The usual raw material for ceramics, generally found beneath the top soil is?

a) Sand
b) Slit
c) Clay
d) Plaster of Paris
e) Melamine

29. Polyamides are synthetic polymers commonly known as:

a) Synthetic rubber
b) Nylon
c) Cellulose
d) Protein
e) None of these.

30. Telephone was invented in 1876 in America by:

a) Marconi
b) Galileo
c) John Beard
d) Edison
e) Graham Bell.

31. Information can be sent over long distances in the form of:

a) Electrical signals through wires
b) Light signals through optical fibres
c) Radio waves through air
d) Any combination of these three.
e) None of these

32. Information can be stored in:

a) Audio and video cassettes
b) Floppy and compact discs
c) Hard disks
d) Laser and optical disks
e) All of these four

33.Computers can:

a) Add and subtract information only.
b) Add subtract and sort information only.
c) Add subtract sort and classify information.
d) Add and subtract but cannot sort information.
e) Add subtract and sort but cannot classify information.

34.IBM stands for:

a) International Business Machines
b) International Big Machines
c) Interrelated Business Machines
d) Interrelated Big Machines
e) None of these.

35. Chemicals used to kill weeds are called as:

a) Insecticides
b) Fungicides
c) Herbicides
d) Fumigants
e) None of these.

36. The cytoplasm consists of several types of structures, which are called:

a) Protoplasm
b) Nucleus
c) Cytochromes
d) Organelles
e) None of these.

37. The structure of DNA was elaborated by Watson and Crick in:

a) 1909
b) 1923
c) 1945
d) 1953
e) None of these.

38. In a DNA molecules, the rule for base pairing is:

a) Adenine always bound with thymine and cytosine with guanine
b) Adenine always bound with cytosine and thymine with guanine
c) Adenine always bound with guanine and cytosine with thymine
d) Adenine always bound with uracil and cytosine with guanine
e) None of these.

39. Man belongs to the family:

a) Felidae
b) Hominidae
c) Mammalia
d) Primataceae
e) None of these.

40. Deficiency of vitamin C in human body causes a deficiency disease called:

a) Beriberi
b) Night blindness
c) Rickets
d) Scurvy
e) None of these.

41. To measure the specific gravity of milk, the instrument used is:

a) Hygrometer
b) Barometer
c) Lactometer
d) Hydrometer
e) None of these.

42. one of the fundamental characteristics of living organisms is:

a) Photosynthesis
b) Digestion
c) Excretion
d) Metabolism
e) None of these.

43. Plants growing on other plants are called as:

a) Saprophytes
b) Parasites
c) Epiphytes
d) Pathogens
e) None of these.

44. As per eating habit, squirrels are:

a) Frugivorous
b) Herbivorous
c) Carnivorous
d) Omnivorous
e) Insectivorous.

45. Water loss from leaves through stomata is called as:

a) Evaporation
b) Transpiration
c) Evapo-Transpiration
d) Respiration
e) None of these.

46. the study of how plants and animals interact with one another and with the non-living environment is called as:

a) Ecosystem
b) Sociology
c) Ecology
d) Habitat
e) None of these.

47. The number of bones in human body is:

a) 200
b) 202
c) 204
d) 206
e) None of these.

48. Nervous system in human consists of:

a) Brain and spinal cord.
b) Brain and nerves.
c) Spinal cord and nerves.
d) Brain, spinal cord and nerves.
e) None of these.

49. In human eye, the light sensitive layer made of specializes nerve cells, rods and cones is called as:

a) The pupil
b) The cornea
c) The sclera
d) The iris
e) The retina.

50. Erythrocytes are also called as:

a) Red blood cells
b) White blood cells
c) Platelets
d) Plasma
e) None of these

Q2: Write a short note on the following Muslim scientists by giving their exact life span and contribution to the field of science:-
a) Jabar-bin-Hayan b) Bu Ali Sina

Ans: a) Ibn e Sina (Avicenna)
1. 980-1037, Afsahana near Bukhara (Turkistan), abu ali hussain ibn e abdullah
2. Physician, philosopher, encyclopediest, mathematician and astronomer
3. Books were: qanuun fi tib “canon”, kitab al shifa, an najat, isharrat, 240 of his treaties were survived

b) Jabar ibn e hayyan (Geber)
1. 721-815, born in Persia died in Iraq, known as father of chemistry, studied under Imam jafar sadiq,
2. Contributions to chemistry crystallization, distillation, sublimation and evaporation, discovery of minerals and several acids like nitric, hcl, citric, tartaric, development of steel, dyeing of cloth, tanning of leather. He also developed aqua regia.
3. He described the distinct types of substances. Spirits, metals and powder, which were later classified as metal, non metal and volatile substances
4. Books “kitab ul rahmah, kitab al tajami, book of seventy, composition of alchemy”

Q3: Differentiate between any Five of the following pairs:-

a) Typhoons and Tornadoes

Typhoon: They produce torrential rains, winds from 74 to up to 160 mph. Heavy flooding is often associated, Large scale storm systems that may range in diameter from 100-1000 miles, they occur in the western Pacific Ocean and tend to be more intense than hurricanes because typhoons have more open water to cover
Tornadoes: A far more localized storm whose diameter ranges from 50 meters to up to 1.5 miles. Often occur in the central United States where cold air from Canada, warm moist air from the Gulf of Mexico, a boundary between dry and moist air, a pocket of moisture in the atmosphere and varying wind speeds and directions in the atmosphere must be present to form tornadoes. Winds can range from 60 to up to 320 mph.

(b) Microscope and Telescope
Microscope: used for micro organisms, one or more positive lenses are used; some of the types of microscope are simple and compound microscope. In 15th century the 1st microscope was used which was simple microscope or magnifier. Some specified microscopes are electron microscope, infrared microscope, polarizing etc
Telescope: Galileo galilei was the first to use it in 1609, used to see far away objects clearly. Some types of telescopes are refracting telescope, reflecting and radio telescope. Mirrors as well as lenses are used, in refracting only lenses are used while in reflecting lenses with mirrors are used

(c) Ultrasonics and Infrasonics
Ultrasonic: above the audible frequency which is 20000 Hz, bat can hear up to 120,000 Hz,
Infrasonic: below 20 Hz are called Infrasonic which is audible to Human ear


(d) Hard water and Heavy water
Hard water: abundance of minerals in ordinary water forms hard water, it does not form lather with soap, its formula is H2O, through simple chemical reaction i.e. heating hard water could be converted to ordinary water

Heavy water: used as a modulator in nuclear reactor, formula is D2O, difficult to make it ordinary water,

(e) Isotopes and Isomers
Isotope: An isotope refers strictly to pure elements. Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei are called isotopes. For instance, hydrogen-1 (1H) and hydrogen-2 (2H or deuterium) are isotopes of each other. Isotope has the same atomic number but different atomic weight
Isomer:
An isomer refers strictly to molecules. Two molecules having the same composition (i.e. the same molecular formula) but are different in the connectivity, shape or orientation, are called isomers.

(f) Antibodies and Antibiotic
Antibiotic: those chemicals which either kill or retard the growth of micro organisms, antibiotics are used frequently,
Antibodies: Antibodies are what your body produces in response to the presence of antigens (bacterial or viral surface structures). They merely assist your white blood cells in identifying and destroying invading microorganisms.

(g) Antigens and Vaccine
Antigens: term came from antibody generator, substance when introduced in body triggers the production of antibodies by the immune system.
Vaccine: used to prevent a disease from occurring, do not kill microorganisms, not used frequently, scheduled at fixed time interval, polio vaccine, BCG etc

Q4: (a) What is galaxy? The Earth belongs to which galaxy?

Ans: Galaxy is a fundamental unit of universe. Galaxy is a combination of stars and their remnants, dust and gases, there are billions of stars in each galaxy our solar system is only a small part of a galaxy named spiral galaxy or M81 galaxy, galaxies form different shapes, and some of them are spiral, spherical, elliptical and irregular. Our galaxy is also called Milky Way galaxy.

(b) Briefly describe what is big bang theory.

Ans: according to this theory universe came into existence about 15-20 billion years when a great explosion took place, before big band there was no time, no matter and no space. Although many critics do not believe this theory yet they are unable to bring any other theory.

(c) Do you think that Pluto is still ninth planet of our solar system? If yes, how and if not why?

Ans: Pluto is not any more the ninth planet in 2006 it has been declared by many astronomers that due to some reasons Pluto should not be included in solar system.
1- It is too small to call a planet, it belongs to dwarf planets.
2- Its orbit around sun is not in same way as the other planets revolve around sun.

Q5: (a) Basically how many forms of energy are there? Also name these.

Ans: Two forms
1. Renewable energy
2. Non renewable form of energy

(b) Enlist different types of energy.

Ans: Main 8 types of energy
1. Kinetic
2. Potential
3. Nuclear
4. Electrical
5. Light
6. Sound
7. Chemical
8. Heat

(c) What is renewable energy source? Quote three examples of renewable energy sources.

Ans: Renewable source of energy is a form of energy which comes from natural sources and are abundant, and these sources could not end sooner or later. Like sun, tides, wind, water

Q6: Is plastic a natural or an artificial polymer? Describe various types of plastics and their uses.

Ans: Plastic is an artificial polymer, plastics are synthetic organic materials of high molecular weight that can be shaped in almost any form under the heat; they may be colorless or colorful, transparent or opaque. First plastic was made in 1868 “celluloid”, in 1909 second type was made known as “bakelite”.
Plastics can be classified under two main headings
1. Thermosetting plastics: can be formed once, unrecyclable. Examples are Bakelite, polyesters and epoxy
2. Thermoplastics: recyclable, polyethylene, pvc
Types and uses
1. PVC “pipes, packing”
2. Polyethylene “baskets, buckets, toys”
3. Polystyrene “wall tiles, packaging, toys”
4. Polyesters “clothes”
5. Epoxy “repairing broken parts”

Q7: (a) What do the following abbreviations stand for?
i) LAN (land area network)
ii) HTTP (HyperText transfer protocol)
iii) HTML (hypertext markup language)
iv) PDF (portable document format)
v) URL (uniform resource locator)

(b) Differentiate between natural and artificial Satellite. For what purpose artificial satellites are used?

Ans: satellites are the objects which revolve around the planet. Moon is a natural satellite of earth, mars have two natural satellites, where as artificial satellites also revolve around the planet but they are manmade, they orbit the earth for different purposes; they receive solar energy for work. First satellite was launched by Ex USSR in 1957 named sputnik 1. Followed by America in 1960 and then the race of satellites started, today there are hundreds of satellites orbiting around the earth, America has the most satellites in Asia china is dominant by maximum satellites.

They help in weather forecasting, defining astronomical objects, intelligence, and for many other scientific purposes.

Q8: (a) What is the main function of:

i) Ribosome: A ribosome is a component of cells that assembles the twenty specific amino acid molecules to form the particular protein molecule determined by the nucleotide sequence of an RNA molecule

ii) Mitochondria: Mitochondria are sometimes described as "cellular power plants" because they generate most of the cell's supply of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), used as a source of chemical energy.

iii) Lysosomes: Lysosomes are cellular organelles that contain acid hydrolase enzymes to break down waste materials and cellular debris.

iv) Chloroplasts: are organelles found in plant cells and other eukaryotic organisms that conduct photosynthesis. Chloroplasts capture light energy to conserve free energy

v) Golgi apparatus: (also Golgi body or the Golgi complex) is an organelle found in most eukaryotic cells. It was identified in 1897 by the Italian physician Camillo Golgi, after whom the Golgi apparatus is named. It is inter-cell communication network that link nucleus with other organelles. It processes and packages proteins after their synthesis and before they make their way to their destination; it is particularly important in the processing of proteins for secretion.

(b) Give habitats of following animals:
i) Rattle Snake (America, Canada, Argentina)
ii) Ostrich (Arab, Africa)
iii) Platypus (Australia)
iv) Rhinoceros (Africa, southern Asia)
v) Chimpanzee. (Africa)

Q9 Write note on the following:-
a) Nucleic acids
• Are biological molecules and include DNA and RNA.
• Together with proteins they form macromolecules.
b) Fertilizers
• Inorganic salts which contain elements essential for plant growth
• Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are primary plant nutrients
• Calcium, magnesium and sulphur are secondary plant nutrients.
c) Semiconductors
• Semiconductors are materials through which the electricity passes partially
• In conductivity they lie between conductors and insulators.
• Their functioning evolve the solid state physics
• Silicon is example
d) Microwave oven
• Uses electromagnetic energy to heat and cook foods
• In 1945 first microwave oven was introduced.
• Microwave oven works by emitting electromagnetic waves through a tube, before reaching food waves pass through the fan like object called stirrer which splits the waves all around. These waves are harmful for mankind therefore the ovens are tightly closed. Moist food absorbs these waves more efficiently than the solid food. Metal containers are mostly unsuitable because they reflect the waves and cause damage to oven.
e) Internet
• Global system of inter connected computer networks
• use the standard IP to serve billions of users.

2010
PART-1(MCQs)
COMPULSORY


Question 1. Select the best option and fill in the appropriate Box on the answer sheet: (50 Marks)

1. Water is heated in a kettle. The inside water is heated by convection. A person sitting near the fire receives heat by:

a) Conduction
b) Convection (only in solids convection cannot take place)
c) Radiation
d) Reflection
e) None of these

2. A time can come when we will be able to design a machine which can go on working for ever without the expenditure of energy. Is it possible?

a) No (it is impossible as whenever the machine will work obviously energy would be consumed, at least the potential or kinetic or mechanical)
b) Yes
c) In due course time
d) Very soon
e) None of these

3. The measurement of rainfall is made by an instrument known as:

a) Hydrometer
b) Barometer
c) Hygrometer
d) Pedometer
e) None of these (rain gauge, pluviometer, udometer, ombrometer)

4. Light year is a unit of:

a) Distance
b) Time Period
c) Light intensity
d) Time
e) none of these

5. Three elements needed for the healthy growth of plants are :

a) N,P,K (Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, also called primary plant nutrients)
b) N,C,P
c) N,K,C
d) N,S,P
e) none of these

6.Copper can be converted into gold by :

a) Heating
b) Artificial Radioactivity
c) Electroplating
d) Chemical reaction
e) None of these

7. In winter an iron pipe feel colder than a wooden window. This is because wood is :

a) Conductor
b) non-Conductor (Insulator)
c) Semi- Conductor
d) Not a solid while iron is a solid
e) None of these

8. The echo (reflected sound) will be distinctly heard only at ordinary temperatures if the distance of the reflecting surfaces from the source of sound is at least :

a) 1120 ft
b) 120 ft
c) 56 ft
d) 100 ft
e) None of these

9. It is possible to recognize a person in the dark by simply hearing his unique voice . It is because of the:

a) pitch
b) Frequency
c) Time period
d) Quality
e) None of these

10. When a ray of sunlight enters a dark room , its straight path become visible because of dust particles hanging in the air. It is because light is :

a) Visible
B) Transparent
c) Invisible
d) opaque
e) None of these

11. A six feet tall lady wants to see her full image in a plane mirror . The minimum length of the mirror will be :

a) 6 feet
b) 12 feet
c) 4 feet
d) 3 feet (do not know why)
e) None of these

12. The principle used in radar is the same as that of Sonar. In radar we use radio waves ; whereas in sonar we use :

A) red waves
b) Infrared waves
c) Ultrasonic (infrasonic and ultrasonic waves both are used)
d) supersonic
e) None of these

13. In a fission nuclear reaction , a heavy nucleus breaks up into smaller nuclei whereas in another nuclear reaction two or more than two possibly nuclei are fused to form a heavy nucleus This nuclear reaction is called :

a) Chemical Reaction
b) Nuclear reaction
c) Fission nuclear reaction
d) Fusion nuclear reaction
e) None of these

14. Parsec is a unit of :

a) Energy
b) Time
c) Power
d) Distance
e) None of these

15. German Silver is an alloy of:

A) Zn + Ni
b) Cu + Zn
c) Cu + Ni
d) Cu + Sn
e) None of these (copper + nickel + zinc)

16. The Continent Antarctica lies at the:

a) North pole b) South pole c) middle of the earth d) Equator
e) None of these

17. The temperature of the dead body is:

a) 0 'C
b) 37 '
c) room temperature
d) temperature of the place where it is kept
e) None of these

18. Lactometer is a type of Hydrometer which is used to measure the specific gravity of :

a) Honey
b) Water
c) Milk
d) olive oil
e) None of these

19. Cusec is a unit of :

a) Area
b) Time
c) Distance
d) mass
e) None of these (volume flow rate)

20. The deepest place on earth is:

a) Trench
b) Mariana Trench (east of Mariana Island)
C) Mangrove
d) Groove
e) None of these

21. Twinkling of stars is caused by:

a) Reflection of light
b) Polarization of light
c) refraction of light
d) Interference of light
e) None of these

22. Magnifying power of a simple microscope can be increased by:

a) increasing focal length of the lens
b) Decreasing focal length of the lens
c) Lens of large aperture
d) lens of short aperture
e) None of these

23. Bronze medal is made up of metal:

a) Copper , Zinc (Brass)
b) Copper , Nickle
c) Copper , Tin
d) copper , Silver

24. One of the countries through which equator passes is :

a) Kenya
B) Pakistan
c) Malaysia
d) Malta
e) None of these

25. A very important practical application of properties of matter is hoeing or "godi" practiced by the farmers. This property of matter is called :

a) Elasticity
b) Stress
c) Capillarity
d) Strain
e) None of these

26. It is observed that the total pressure exerted by air on the man of average size is around 14.7 lb wt. per square inch. But the man feels quite comfortable,. It is because of :

a) An equal and opposite pressure acts from inside
b) of the height of a man
c) of gravity
d) Earth pulls the man upward
e) None of these

27) A nuclear reactor is a device used to carry out controlled nuclear reaction whereas GM counter is a device used to detect :

a) Current
b) Voltage
C) nuclear Radiation
d) power
e) None of these

28. A body can escape the gravitational pull of the earth if it is thrown up with a velocity of:

a) 25 miles per sec
b ) 60 miles per sec
c) 7 miles per sec
d) 10 miles per sec
e) None of these

29. Night vision is possible with the help of :

a) Red light
b) Violet light
c) Infrared Rays
d) Ultra violet Light
e) None of these

30. Myopia is a defect of human eye. it can be corrected by using a lens called :

a) Convex lens (hyperopia)
b) Concave lens
c) Cylindrical lens
d) Plano convex lens
e) None of these

31. Walnuts can be broken in the hand by squeezing two together but not one. It is because of :

a) Work done
b) Power
c) Energy
d) Volume
e) None of these

32. The instrument which is specially design for recording earth quake wave is called seismograph which measure earth quake waves on a

a) Diatonic scale
b) Fahrenheit Scale
c) Richter scale
d) Celsius Scale
e) None of these

33. The planet Mercury completes one rotation around the sun is
a) 88 days
b) 365 days
c) 98 days
d) 60 days

e) None of these

34. Fossils found in the lowest geological strata are generally most :

a) Advance
b) Complex
c) Primitive
d) Specialized
e) None of these

35. Evolution can be described as :

a) A continuing process
b) A catastrophic event in the past
c) Static
d) The attaining of an ideal type
e) None of these

36. What is the only source of new alleles?

a) Crossing over
b) independent assortment
c) Mutation
d) Fertilization
e) None of these

37. Polygenic characteristic are controlled by :

a) Dominant genes
b) Recessive genes
c) Multiple genes
d) Mutated genes
e) None of these

38. Which of the following, lists the four stages of food processing in order?

a) ingestion , digestion , absorption , elimination
b) digestion , ingestion , absorption , elimination
c) ingestion , absorption , elimination , digestion
d) absorption , digestion , ingestion , elimination
e) None of these

39. In humans , most nutrient molecules are absorbed by the :

a) small intestine
b) stomach
c) liver
d) large intestine
e) None of these

40. The energy needed to fuel essential body processes is called:

a) Essential nutrient level
b) Basal metabolism (basal metabolic rate)
c) None of these
d) recommended daily allowance
e) Optimum energy intake

41. Which of the following is an organic molecule needed by the body in small amounts?

a) Protein
b) Vitamin C
c) Zinc
d) Monosaccharide
e) None of these

42. Inhaled air passes through which of the following in the last?

a) Bronchiole
b) Larynx
c) Pharynx
d) Trachea
e) None of these

43. Which of the following is a form of sexual reproduction?

a) Hermaphroditism
B) Fission
c) Fragmentation
d) Budding
e) None of these

44. Cobalt is a material which is :

a) Strongly attracted by a magnet
B) Not attracted by a magnet
c) not a magnet
d) Weakly attracted by a magnet
e) None of these

45. Laughing gas has chemical composition of the following two elements which are :

a) Nitrogen + Hydrogen
b) Nitrogen + Carbon
c) Nitrogen + oxygen (also called nitrous oxide)
d) Oxygen + Carbon
e) None of these

46. Hepatitis A is transmitted to different individuals by :

a) Water
b) Sneezing
c) Spit
d) Foeces
e) None of these

47. The unit that coordinates different devices of the computer system is :

a) ALU
b)Register
c) Control unit
d) Logical instruction
e) None of these

48. The most abundant element present is in the human body is :

a) Nitrogen
b) Oxygen
c) Carbon
d) Hydrogen
e) None of these

49. Cancer can be treated by :

a) Antibiotics and vaccines
b) Radiotherapy and antibodies
c) Chemotherapy and radiotherapy
d) Antibodies and chemotherapy
e) None of these

50. Animals obtain carbon dioxide mainly from :

a) Starch
b) Sucrose
c) Glucose
d) Glycogen
e) None of these

Part - 2

Attempt only five questions. All questions carry equal marks. (50 Marks)

Question # 02 : Write shot note on the following by giving their exact life span and contributions to the field of science. ( Accurate fact will be appreciated) (10)

a) Al- Beruni
b) Ibn- al – Haitham

a) Al-Beruni
• 973-1048, born in khawarzam, abu rehan Muhammad bin ahmed al biruni
• Well equipped in physics, metaphysics, mathematics, astronomy, geography and history
• He also accompanied sultan mehmood ghaznavi in his quests to Hindustan, where he learned sansikrit, after returning from there he wrote “kitab ul hind”, which gives the social and geographical contents of the subcontinent,
• He also wrote Qanoon e masoodi, which elaborates the heavenly objects and cater the field of astronomy
• He also determined the densities of 18 stones accurately in his book kitab al jawahir
• On medicine he wrote “kitab al saidana”
• He also ascertained that the speed of light compare to speed of sound is immense
• Some other books; tafheem li awail, sinaat al tanjim, asrar ul baqiya
b) Ibn e haitham (Alhazen)
• 965-1040, born in basra, well known muslim optician, also known as father of modern optics
• Traveled spain and Egypt
• Well versed in physics, mathematics, medicine
• He examined thoroughly the passage of light through different objects and discovered the law of refraction
• Discovered different colors of light, in his book kitab ul manadhir
• He described various parts of the eye and discussed scientific functions of all
• He identified gravity as a force
• Some other books meezan al hikma, on twilight phenomena


Question # 03: What do you know about hereditary disease ? Comment how they are transferred from parents to offsprings ? (10)

Ans: A hereditary disease is a disease which can be passed down through generations of the same family. It is an illness caused by abnormalities in genes or chromosomes, especially a condition that is present from before birth. Most genetic disorders are quite rare and affect one person in every several thousands or millions.

I cant explain it further because of lack of proper knowledge, someone should elaborate it, I will be thankful

Question # 04: Write briefly any five of the following: (Answer in three or four sentences) (10)

a) Plaster of Paris
Gypsum plaster, or Plaster of Paris, is employed by mixing water with calcium sulfate hemihydrate, it is produced by heating gypsum at150 °C, and Plaster is a building material used for coating walls and ceilings. Plaster starts as a dry powder similar to mortar or cement and like those materials it is mixed with water to form a paste which liberates heat and then hardens. Unlike mortar and cement, plaster remains quite soft after setting, and can be easily manipulated with metal tools or even sandpaper. These characteristics make plaster suitable for a finishing, rather than a load-bearing material.

b) Reflex Action
A reflex action, also known as a reflex, is an involuntary and nearly instantaneous movement in response to a stimulus,It provides information on the integrity of the central nervous system andperipheral nervous system. It is the automatic reaction of any human,

c) Pace Maker
A pacemaker (or artificial pacemaker, so as not to be confused with the heart's natural pacemaker) is a medical device that uses electrical impulses, delivered by electrodes contacting the heart muscles, to regulate the beating of the heart. The primary purpose of a pacemaker is to maintain an adequate heart rate, either because the heart's native pacemaker is not fast enough, or there is a block in the heart's electrical conduction system. the inventor of pacemaker died in September 2011.

d) Swine flu
Swine influenza, also called pig influenza, swine flu, hog flu and pig flu, is an infection by any one of several types of swine influenza virus. Swine influenza virus (SIV) or S-OIV (swine-origin influenza virus) is any strain of the influenza family of viruses that is endemic in pigs. People with regular exposure to pigs are at increased risk of swine flu infection. This virus is more dangerous than smallpox. Swine influenza virus is common throughout pig populations worldwide. Transmission of the virus from pigs to humans is not common and does not always lead to human flu.

e) Microwave oven
electronic kitchen appliance which uses microwave radiation to heat the polarized molecules within the food. water, fat and other substances within the food absorbs the radiation, it is the rapid process of heating the food as compare to common way of heating. These waves are harmful to human.

f) Internet
it is a global system of inter connecting the computer networks that uses standard internet protocol site IPS to serve the billion users all around the world.

g) Voltage Stabilizer
A voltage stabilizer is an electrical regulator to automatically maintain the constant voltage. It may be used to regulate one or more AC or DC voltages. Electronic voltage regulators are found in devices such as computer power supplies where they stabilize the DC voltages used by the processor and other elements.


Question # 05:
A) What is global warming ? Is there any a sunny side to global warming? If yes, explain. (5)
Ans: Global warming is a phenomena which is one of the many issues facing the modern environment in our world. Greenhouse gases are building up in the atmosphere in such a way to trap the earth heat. Due to the immense use of fossil fuels the carbon dioxide emitted from them thicken the ozone layer forming in stratosphere, which as a result return back the heat radiations emitted by earth surface in night. Pollution caused by burning fuels in vehicles, factories and electricity production plant are the main reasons behind global warming, deforestation also contribute to increase global warming because lesser the green forests lesser the carbon dioxide would be absorbed by them.
Global warming is destructive for human habitat, yet it has some benefits too, water of melting glaciers brings with them immense minerals which increase the crop production, increase the level of water beneath the surface of earth, deserts are transferred to agricultural lands, resultantly producing agri-products.

B) What makes the seasons happen? (5)
Earth axis is inclined at 661/2 degrees to the plane of its orbit around the sun. earth make two type of movements rotation and revolution. Days and nights are the result of rotation of earth around the sun, earth rotates from west to east,
And due to the inclination seasons of different places of earth are different at same time. Places on equator have the same season throughout the year like Singapore, while the countries on southern hemisphere and northern hemisphere enjoy different kind of seasons. The countries placing on north pole and south pole of the map faces the immense cold weather, due to the distance from sun and some countries are said mid night countries because the sun remains visible for many months as the pole is tilted toward sun.

Question # 06: In which region of the world , the following animals are found? Give two main characteristics of each. (10)

a) Blind dolphin (south asia; india and Pakistan) (long pointed mouth with visible teeth and swim on their side)
b) Kangaroo (Australia) (females have pouch on front bottom, jump do not walk, long leg small arms)
c) panda (china), (99% feed is bamboo, black and white fur, live on mountains mostly)
d) Kiwi (new Zealand) (highly developed sense of smell, egg may weigh ¼ of the female thus the largest egg by any bird regarding size, eat small invertebrates)
e) Penguin (Antarctica), (bird only eat fish, spend 50% life on earth while 50% in water)

Question # 07:
A) In which organ these parts are present in animals or human body ? (5)
B) Describe the function of each briefly : (5)
1. Coronary artery: It is found in heart, the vessels that deliver oxygen-rich blood to the myocardium are known as coronary arteries. Coronary circulation is the circulation of blood in the blood vessels of the heart muscle (the myocardium).

2. Sino- Auricular Node: It is related to heart (disease name), also called heart block, it is a disease in electrical system of heart, it can cause light headedness and fainting.

3. Aortic valve: it is present in heart, When the pressure in the left ventricle rises above the pressure in the aorta, the aortic valve opens, allowing blood to exit the left ventricle into the aorta. When ventricular systole ends, pressure in the left ventricle rapidly drops. When the pressure in the left ventricle decreases, the aortic pressure forces the aortic valve to close.

4. Auricle: The outer projecting portion of the ear. Also called pinna. its function is to pass the surrounding sounds through ear canal toward the ear drum. It is the first step in hearing sounds
Question # 08: Differentiate between the following pairs:

a) Hydrometer and Hygrometer

A hydrometer is an instrument used to measure the specific gravity (or relative density) of liquids; that is, the ratio of the density of the liquid to the density of water. A hydrometer is usually made of glass and consists of a cylindrical stem and a bulb weighted with mercury or lead shot to make it float upright.

Hydrometer is an instrument used for measuring the moisture content in the environmental air, or humidity. Coal type and electronic meters are used for this purpose; former is less accurate than the later one.

b) Perimeter and Telemeter

Perimeter is the outer boundary of a figure or area; total length of the outer boundary. A perimeter is a path that surrounds an area. The perimeter of a circular area is called circumference.

A telemeter is a device used to remotely measure a quantity. In military parlance telemeter has the specific meaning of a device for finding the range of a target. It is also used with the meaning "rangefinder" in other fields such as photography.

c) Isotopes and Isomers

An isotope refers strictly to pure elements. Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei are called isotopes.

An isomer refers strictly to molecules. Two molecules that have the same composition (i.e., the same molecular formula) but are different in the connectivity, shape or orientation, are called isomers.

d) Flying mammal and Bird

Bat is said to be a flying mammal, flying because it flies like birds and mammal because it feed its animal on milk. They can see objects in night due to ultra sonic rays. They can hear up to 120,000 Hz

While birds cannot fly in night, they fed their infants on insects etc.

e) Vertebrates and Invertebrates

Vertebrates are animals with back bone, there are almost 47000 different kinds of vertebrates, fish, bird, reptiles, amphibians, and mammals are the examples

Invertebrates are animals without backbone, there are more than 1.2 million different kinds of invertebrates. Worms, centipedes, crabs, insects are some of the types of invertebrates. 90% of this group belongs to insects

Question # 09:
A) What are pesticides? Explain how these are dangerous to human beings?

Ans: pesticides are substances or mixture of substances intended for preventing, destroying and repelling the pests which are harmful to human habitat in every case. Pesticides are of different kinds according to the pest they are made to kill. Some are fungicide, rodenticides, herbicides, insecticides etc.
Affect on human beings
Herbicides used for eradicating unwanted weeds and herbs, fumigants sprayed on crops to keep the insects away, fungicides used to remove fungus and mushrooms all includes different toxic elements like phosphate, carbonic and cyclopropane substances. And the crops absorb some of the elements of those pesticides. Resultantly directly or indirectly human beings eat the product of the crops. Herbicides are also used to prevent herbs and weeds from growing in water, which influence the fishes and consequently the human beings.

B) What do the following scientific abbreviations stand for?

1) STP (standard temperature and pressure)
2) LORAN (long range navigation)
3) SONAR (sound navigation and ranging)
4) MAF (million acre fet)
5) MeV (mega electron volt)
6) MASER (microwave amplification by stimulated emission of radiation)
7) AWACS (airborne warning and control system)
8) CCTV (closed circuit television)

__________________
Janoon say or Ishq say milti hay AAZADI

you have to know about the difference of radiation and conduction and convection .in VACUUM/SPACE the phenomena of conduction and convection does`nt take place but radiation.light reached to earth via electromagnetic radiation emitted by the sun ..and there is a vacuum between earth and sun.see 2011 pap mcq 21

__________________
"Wa tu izzu man-ta shaa, wa tu zillu man-ta shaa"

@sadia
I do agree with you I in fact was in favour of radiation but then I read the book of 7th standard Oxford and on its 27th page they gave the example of heater under the heading of convection, then I moved to wikipedia, I found the same, As you too said that through space and vacuum the heat or light could be only passed by radiation, but I think in a room neither the vacuum nor the space exist although gases do exist like oxygen, nitrogen etc.

And please solve the heredity disease question as I never read bio in my whole life so I lack in explaining the phenomena.
Thanks

__________________
Janoon say or Ishq say milti hay AAZADI

WHAT has written about in 7 level of oxford book.and in eds paper they asked about vacuum ,vacuum has no molecule so it neither have conduction nor convection and in this paper it is asked about conduction .yes vacuum does not conduct heat .and please explain your statement and your work is great .i will appreciate it if you will continue it ...

convection to liquid and fluids/gases me hoota he

conduction solids me

radiation space me

and disease wala question ka paper and q no. mention karo...ok i have seen it..me solve kar do gen ..

__________________
"Wa tu izzu man-ta shaa, wa tu zillu man-ta shaa"

well you must have a good reason, I should agree. I do not have a strong background of Science, just for the sake of papers trying to develop taste and interest.
well I have not solved question #3 completely. kindly If you please help me in solving that question I would be grateful.

__________________
Janoon say or Ishq say milti hay AAZADI

with in few days , i will solve it ..shaed kal kar doo.. i must appreciate your hard work and devotion and best of luck

__________________
"Wa tu izzu man-ta shaa, wa tu zillu man-ta shaa"

Correction

1. The planet of the solar system which has maximum numbers of Moon is:

2011
a) Jupiter
b) Venus
c) Saturn
d) Uranus
e) None of these

Jupiter is also the biggest planet

14. When sound is reflected from floor, ceiling or a wall , it mixes with the original sound and change its complexion, it is called as

a) Sound
b) Echo
c) Reverberation
d) noise
e) None of these

In reverberation there is no mixing of two sounds i.e original and reflected

__________________
Man is harder than iron, stronger than stone, and more fragile than a rose.

1. Water is heated in a kettle. The inside water is heated by convection. A person sitting near the fire receives heat by:

a) Conduction
b) Convection
c) Radiation
d) Reflection
e) None of these

15. German Silver is an alloy of:

A) Zn + Ni
b) Cu + Zn
c) Cu + Ni Zn is not an essential part of German silver
d) Cu + Sn


37. Polygenic characteristic are controlled by :

a) Dominant genes
b) Recessive genes
c) Multiple genes
d) Mutated genes
e) None of these

41. Which of the following is an organic molecule needed by the body in small amounts?

a) Protein
b) Vitamin C
c) Zinc
d) Monosaccharide ( monosaccharide is the largest needed molecule not smallest)
e) None of these

__________________
Man is harder than iron, stronger than stone, and more fragile than a rose.

1. The planet of the solar system which has maximum numbers of Moon is:

2011
a) Jupiter
b) Venus
c) Saturn
d) Uranus
e) None of these
Jupiter not saturn



9. The most abundant natural Iron oxides are

a) Magnetite and Pyrite
b) Magnetite and Bauxite
c) Hematite and Pyrite
d) Hematite and Magnetite
e) Hematite and Bauxite

mention source coz i have ticked it but want to know about source



33.Computers can:

a) Add and subtract information only.
b) Add subtract and sort information only.
c) Add subtract sort and classify information.
d) Add and subtract but cannot sort information.
e) Add subtract and sort but cannot classify information.


I have no enough knowledge of computer but i think most of the computer student said it can add ,subtract and classify ,if not then explain









subjective part

(c) Ultrasonics and Infrasonics
Ultrasonic: above the audible frequency which is 20000 Hz, bat can hear up to 120,000 Hz,
Infrasonic: below 20 Hz are called Infrasonic which is audible to Human ear

below 20 HZ sound is not audible







(c) Do you think that Pluto is still ninth planet of our solar system? If yes, how and if not why?

Ans: Pluto is not any more the ninth planet in 2006 it has been declared by many astronomers that due to some reasons Pluto should not be included in solar system.
1- It is too small to call a planet, it belongs to dwarf planets.
2- Its orbit around sun is not in same way as the other planets revolve around sun.

the reasons does`nt` seems sound enough ,here is a link ...

Q5: (a) Basically how many forms of energy are there? Also name these.


types of energy are two;potential and kinetic and forms which you have written including renewable or non renewable form

as tidal energy has kinetic energy and coal has potential energy ..
(c) What is renewable energy source? Quote three examples of renewable energy sources.

and part (C) why scientist are trying other forms of energy ..that is due to pollution,global warming and shortage of non-renewable source

you skipped this part

__________________
"Wa tu izzu man-ta shaa, wa tu zillu man-ta shaa"