please solve the scientific reasons
 

Q.12 Give brief scientific reasons for any five of the following statements : (2 each)
a. Lunar eclipse lasts much longer than solar eclipse
b. Goiter is common in people living in hilly areas
c. Mixture of ice and salt (sodium chloride) is used as a freezing mixture
d. Detergents are better cleaning agents compared to soap
e. Decomposers are important for life on land and water
f. Places near the sea are cooler in summer and warmer in winter than places farther inland

a.
In solar eclipse moon comes in between earth and sun but it does block all of the radiations of the sun coming to the earth, also that its area its small so it displaces itself from the position after only a few minutes.
in case of lunar eclipse the earth comes between sun and moon, as area of earth is greater than moon, so earth blocks all the light of the sun going to the moon, and it takes much longer time for moon and earth from the position of lunar eclipse.

b.
goiter is caused due to the deficiency of the iodine, and iodine is obtained from sea products like sea food surrounding areas where there is much concentration of iodine in the plants.. but the hilly area people are far away from the sea that why they dont get essential amount of iodine in their food and goiter gets common there.

c.
sodium cholride when mixed with ice decreases its freezing point, so a much more reduced temperature about -20 degree C can be obtained, hence it is used as a freezing mixture.

soap is typically made from natural materials while detergents are made from synthetic chemicals and thus have more cleaning power
-


Hard Water

Detergent cleans more effectively in hard water than soap. Hard water contains calcium and magnesium ions that limit soap's cleaning capabilities. When combined with soap, hard water develops a type of film that leaves a deposit on clothes or skin that does not easily rinse away. Over time, this can lead to the deterioration of the fabric and eventually ruin the clothes. On the other hand, detergents are made with chemicals that are not affected by hard water.
-
Fewer Resources

Detergent consumes fewer natural resources in the manufacturing process than soap. Detergents are primarily made from synthetic materials while soap is comprised of vegetable oils and fatty acids. In a time where environmental concerns are high and vegetable oil is needed to manufacture biodiesel fuel, this can make detergent the environmentally friendly alternative.

-

Places near the sea are cooler in summer and warmer in winter than places farther inland
-
That is because sea surface undergoes variation in temperature much slowly as compared to land surface. The sea takes much longer to warm up and much longer to cool down than the land does.