Are these notes really correct ??
 

Hello there, are these notes really correct? Please check two examples:
1. Concave and Convex Lens (Page#4, Post#31)
2. Fission and Fusion (Page#4, Post#33)
2. RAM and RAM (Page#4, Post#34)

If my doubt is false please someone do correct me, but if I am right what about the credibility of other information? :thinking

u have set it to private ,,, its not accessable kindly check it

[QUOTE=Roshan wadhwani;374605][COLOR="Purple"][B][U][CENTER][FONT="Georgia"][SIZE="5"]Branches Of Biology:[/SIZE][/FONT][/CENTER][/U][/B]
[/COLOR]
[B][COLOR="Purple"]i) Zoology: [/COLOR][/B]Zoology is that branch of biology which deals with the study of animals.

[B][COLOR="purple"]ii) Botany:[/COLOR][/B] Botany is that branch of biology which deals with the study of plants.

[COLOR="purple"][B]iii) Microbiology:[/B][/COLOR] It is the branch of biology which deals with the study of microorganisms such as viruses, bacteria etc.

[B][COLOR="purple"]iv) Morphology:[/COLOR][/B] It deals with the shape and structure of living organisms.

[B][COLOR="purple"]v) Histology:[/COLOR][/B] It is the microscopic study of tissues of plants and animals.

[B][COLOR="purple"]vi) Cytology:[/COLOR][/B] It deals with the structure of cell and organelles present inside the cell.

[B][COLOR="purple"]vii) Physiology:[/COLOR][/B] It deals with the study of functions of different parts of plants and animals.

[B][COLOR="purple"]viii) Ecology:[/COLOR][/B] It is the science of ecosystem and explains the relationship between organisms and their environment.

[B][COLOR="purple"]ix) Taxonomy:[/COLOR][/B] It deals with the naming and classification of organisms.

[B][COLOR="purple"]x) Genetics:[/COLOR][/B] It deals with the study of heredity and variations.

[B][COLOR="purple"]xi) Biotechnology: [/COLOR][/B]It deals with the application of biological processes.

[B][COLOR="purple"]xii) Haematology:[/COLOR][/B] Study of blood and its constituent cells.

[B][COLOR="purple"]xiii) Geology:[/COLOR][/B] Study of features and properties of earth and its constituents rocks.[/QUOTE]

Correction!
Geology has nothing to do with Biology (Only in Paleontology and Medical Geology, we use concepts of Biology) . It is totally a different subject...Geology is not a branch of Biology..

thank you

Thanks

Adequacy of these notes
 

Dear all seniors! The effort put in making and posting these notes is laudable. However, an important question is: Are these notes sufficient? Does this material incorporates every aspect of the syllabus? Moreover, Does it provide enough explanation to each topic covered here? I'll be more than grateful for your expert opinions and recommendations. Thanks

[QUOTE=Tufta;1107960]Dear all seniors! The effort put in making and posting these notes is laudable. However, an important question is: Are these notes sufficient? Does this material incorporates every aspect of the syllabus? Moreover, Does it provide enough explanation to each topic covered here? I'll be more than grateful for your expert opinions and recommendations. Thanks[/QUOTE]

Speaking as someone who has given these exams twice, here's what I think:
1. This thread started in 2011 and notes may not be updated according to 2016 syllabus, and are missing major topics.
2. It also looks like a 'dead' thread since it seemed more active up till 2014
3. ALWAYS MAKE YOUR OWN NOTES
4. CONSULT RECOMMENDED BOOKS FROM FPSC syllabus in addition to ONLINE SOURCES AND NEWSPAPERS
5. Give General Ability as much importance as Science portion.

[QUOTE=MuneezaRafiq;1107971]Speaking as someone who has given these exams twice, here's what I think:
1. This thread started in 2011 and notes may not be updated according to 2016 syllabus, and are missing major topics.
2. It also looks like a 'dead' thread since it seemed more active up till 2014
3. ALWAYS MAKE YOUR OWN NOTES
4. CONSULT RECOMMENDED BOOKS FROM FPSC syllabus in addition to ONLINE SOURCES AND NEWSPAPERS
5. Give General Ability as much importance as Science portion.[/QUOTE]

Does the past papers from 2000 to 2015 even matter now?
And especially what about the topics related to Muslim Scientists?

[QUOTE=Roshan wadhwani;358578][B][U][CENTER][FONT="Georgia"][SIZE="6"][COLOR="DarkGreen"]Abbreviations:
From Past Papers[/COLOR][/SIZE][/FONT][/CENTER][/U][/B]

[B]1. LPG: [COLOR="Purple"]Liquefied Petroleum Gas[/COLOR]

2. TNT: [COLOR="Purple"]Tri Nitro Toluene[/COLOR]

3. RNA: [COLOR="purple"]Ribonucleic Acid[/COLOR]

4. CNG: [COLOR="purple"]Compressed Natural Gas[/COLOR]

5. ATP: [COLOR="purple"]Adenosine Tri Phosphate[/COLOR]

6. RBC: [COLOR="purple"]Red Blood Cells/Corpuscles[/COLOR]

7. ECG: [COLOR="purple"]Electro Cardio Gram[/COLOR]

8. PVC: [COLOR="purple"]Poly vinyl Chloride[/COLOR]

9. RAM: [COLOR="purple"]Random Access Memory[/COLOR]

10. CFC: [COLOR="purple"]Chloro Fluoro Carbon[/COLOR]

11. LASER: [COLOR="purple"]Light Amplification by Stimulated emission of Radiation[/COLOR]

12. RADAR: [COLOR="purple"]Radio Detection And Ranging[/COLOR]

13. AIDS: [COLOR="purple"]Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome[/COLOR]

14. ROM: [COLOR="purple"]Read Only Memory[/COLOR]

15. LAN: [COLOR="purple"]Local Area Network[/COLOR]

16. WWW: [COLOR="purple"]World Wide Web[/COLOR]

17. DNA: [COLOR="purple"]Deoxyribonucleic Acid[/COLOR]

18. SONAR: [COLOR="purple"]Sound Navigation And Ranging[/COLOR]

19. SARS: [COLOR="purple"]Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome[/COLOR]

20. NTP: [COLOR="purple"]Network Time Protocol/ Normal Temperature and Pressure[/COLOR]

21. RQ: [COLOR="purple"]Respiratory Quotient[/COLOR]

22. NPN: [COLOR="purple"]Negative Positive Negative/[/COLOR]

23. PNP: [COLOR="purple"]Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase[/COLOR]

24. WAN: [COLOR="purple"]Wide Area Network[/COLOR]

25. CPU: [COLOR="purple"]Central Processing Unit[/COLOR]

26. BCG: [COLOR="purple"]Bacillus Calmette Guerin[/COLOR]

27. STP: [COLOR="purple"]Standard Temperature And Pressure/Shielded Twisted Pair/Sodium Tripolyphosphate/Spanning Tree Protocol[/COLOR]

28. ATP: [COLOR="purple"]Adenosine Triphosphate[/COLOR]

29. KWh: [COLOR="purple"]Kilo Watt Hour [/COLOR]

30. BTU: [COLOR="purple"]British thermal Unit[/COLOR]

31. LDL: [COLOR="purple"]Low Density Lipoprotein[/COLOR]

32. MAF: [COLOR="purple"]Million Acre Feet[/COLOR]

33. HDL: [COLOR="purple"]Hardware Description Language[/COLOR]

34. MCV: [COLOR="purple"]Mean Corpuscular Volume[/COLOR]

35. UHF: [COLOR="purple"]Ultra High Frequency[/COLOR]

36. LED: [COLOR="purple"]Light emitting Diode[/COLOR]

37. LCD: [COLOR="purple"]Liquid Crystal Display[/COLOR]

38. BASIC: [COLOR="Purple"]Beginner’s All-Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code[/COLOR]

39. MASER: [COLOR="purple"]Microwave Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation[/COLOR]

40. ETT: [COLOR="purple"]Educational Telecommunications and Technology/ European Transaction on Telecommunication[/COLOR]

41. HST: [COLOR="purple"]High Speed Technology/ High Speed Train (in UK)/Hubble Space Telescope[/COLOR]

42. DBS: [COLOR="purple"]Data Base Server/ Direct Broadcast Satellite[/COLOR]

43. CRO: [COLOR="purple"]Cathode Ray Oscilloscope[/COLOR]

44. BOT: [COLOR="purple"]Build, Operate and Transfer/Botulinum Toxin[/COLOR]

45. AMU: [COLOR="purple"]Atomic Mass Unit[/COLOR]

46. EMF: [COLOR="purple"]Electro Motive force[/COLOR]

47. ADH: [COLOR="purple"]Anti-diuretic Hormone[/COLOR]

48. GeV: [COLOR="purple"]Giga Electro Volt[/COLOR]

49. CRT: [COLOR="purple"]Cathode Ray Tube[/COLOR]

50. CNS: [COLOR="purple"]Central Nervous System[/COLOR]

51. PTFE: [COLOR="purple"]Poly Tetra Fluoro Ethylene[/COLOR]

52. GUT: [COLOR="purple"]Grand Unified Theory[/COLOR]

53. LONAR: [COLOR="purple"]Long Range Navigation[/COLOR]

54. MeV: [COLOR="purple"]Mega Electron Volt/ Million Electron Volt/ Multi-experiment Viewer[/COLOR]

55. AWACS: [COLOR="purple"]Airborne Warning and Control System[/COLOR]

56. CCTV: [COLOR="purple"]Closed-Circuit Television[/COLOR]
[/B][/QUOTE]
Thanks

[QUOTE=Roshan wadhwani;427069][B][U][CENTER][FONT="Georgia"][SIZE="6"][COLOR="Purple"]Hormones:[/COLOR][/SIZE][/FONT][/CENTER][/U][/B]

Hormones are the chemical substances secreted by the endocrine glands. They carry electro-chemical messages to different parts of the body. Hormones are circulated in the body through blood. The function of endocrine system depends upon these hormones. These hormones work in the similar way as the nervous system works in the body. Insulin, glucagon, thyroxin and testosterone are few kinds of hormones. Hormones play an important role in a living organism. A small amount of hormones in the blood produces specific effects in the body. Several dozen hormones travel through the blood stream and influence different kinds of target cells, modifying their activity in a variety of ways.


[B][U][CENTER][FONT="Georgia"][SIZE="6"][COLOR="purple"]Antibody:[/COLOR][/SIZE][/FONT][/CENTER][/U][/B]

• Antibody is a protein produced by white blood cells that help to destroy bacteria.
• Antibodies react with the antigens and inactivate or destroy them.
• A large number of antibodies are produced in blood which are targeted against various types of antigens.
• Antigens are foreign molecules, cells, bacteria, viruses or fungi which enter the body usually a disease causing microorganisms.
• Antibodies are the integral part of the defence mechanism of human body.
• They are also involved in immunity against disease.


[SIZE="6"][COLOR="purple"][B][U][CENTER][FONT="Georgia"]Haemophilia:[/FONT][/CENTER][/U][/B]
[/COLOR][/SIZE]• It is a disease in which the person has prolonged blood clotting time resulting in excessive bleeding from injury.
• It is due to the deficiency of vitamin K.
• It is a semi lethal disease controlled by recessive gene.
• It is less common in women than in men.[/QUOTE]
Very well explained, Masha Allah