The Endocrine System
 

THERE IS AN important group of biological structure working in close cooperation with the nervous system in adjustive behaviour.THIS IS THE system of the ductless and [COLOR="blue"]ENDOCRINE,GLANDS.[/COLOR]THESE GLANDS ARE WELL SUPPLIED with blood vessels but have no ducts through which to channel the substance they produse,instead they pass their secretion directly into the blood stream.THE CHEMICAL substance secreted by the ENDOCRINE GLAND,are called[COLOR="blue"] HORMONES[/COLOR];THEY GREATLY affect the function of the body and the course of its development.

[COLOR="blue"]THE ACTIVITY OF ENDOCRINE GLAND[/COLOR] is regulatery in nature.THERE SECRETION serves to control the individual,s metabolism,the chemical recation taking place in all living tissue by which energy is provided to carry on the life processes and by which growth take place in bones,muscles and nervous tissue.THESE GLANDS ALSO HELP to maintain internal conditions within an optimal range.THEY PLAY A LARGE ROLE in co-ordinating the activities of the body.IN SUDDEN fears for example,a hormons is circulated through the blood which brings about such widely diverse activities as dialation of the pupil of the eye,constrication of the blood vessels in the wall of the stomach ,and an increase in the rapidity with which blood clots in the presence of the air.


[COLOR="blue"]IN HELPING TO MAINTAIN [/COLOR] equilbirium and coordinate body functions,the various endocrine gland closely work together.IF ONE gland is working slowly,another gland may relases the hormones to stimulaion;if one gland is over active,another may secrate the hormones that maybe slow it down.DAMAGE OR REMOVEL of one gland may disrupt the functioning of the entire system.


1 [COLOR="blue"] THE PITUITARY GLAND[/COLOR]

THE PITUATIRY, A small structure attached to the underside of the brain and located in the centre of the head,secrets a numbers of hormones,which perform various functions concerned with growth and maintaince.PARTICULERLY, vital to normal bodly development during childhood is the pituatry growth hormones,control the growth of the skeleton muscles and various internal organs.THE PITUATRY ALSO produse the variety of middle man hormones,which act directly upon other endocrine glands, most notably the thyriod glands, the sex gland and the adernal cortex to stimulate there functioning.


2 [COLOR="blue"]THE THYRIOD GLAND[/COLOR]

LOCATED IN THE NECK at either side of the [COLOR="blue"]ADAM APPLE[/COLOR] are the thyriod glands.which produse the harmone called [COLOR="blue"]thyroxin.[/COLOR] OPERATING IN close connection with pituatry it affects the body metabolism and help to control the rate of physcial growth.HIGH THYRIOD OUTPUT goes with the high general activity and low output goes with the sluggishness of movement.LIKE THE PITUATRY,the thyriod appeared to secreate hormones which stimulate the sex glands.THYRIOD SECRETION influence the structure of the nervous system,especially in the devlopment of intelligent system.


3 [COLOR="blue"]THE ADERNAL GLANDS[/COLOR]LOCATED AT THE upper side of the kidneys are the two adernal glands,each consisting of the two parts: an inner core and an outer layer.THE ADERNAL MEDULLA is directly control by the nervous system,which stimulate the gland to secrets its hormones.


4 [COLOR="blue"]THE GONADS[/COLOR]
THE SEX GLANDS or gonads, have a dual purpose in both sexs:
THE SECRETION of sex hormones that influence bodily development and behaviour,
THE production of gamets.

REFERANCE

PSYCHOLOGY AND LIFE BY FLOYD L,RUCH

REGARDS

Salaam,

Good effort, indeed. Hey but i think that it could be more furbished, if u had mentioned about the PARATHYROID and the PROSTRATE glands also.

The Endocrine System
 

[COLOR="blue"]OUR BODY PRODUCE ITS OWN[/COLOR] chemical and use them to control certain functions,and the main system that coordinate with these chemical is called [COLOR="blue"]THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM[/COLOR].

[COLOR="blue"]ALTHOUGH WE [/COLOR]rarely think about this system,it effect almost every [COLOR="blue"]CELL, ORGAN AND FUNCTION of our body[/COLOR],this system is instrumental in regulating mood, growth and development,tissue function and metabolism and sexual function, and reproducative proceses.[COLOR="blue"]IN GENERAL THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM [/COLOR]is in charge of the body process that happen slowly,such as cell growth.[COLOR="blue"]FASTER PROCESS [/COLOR]like breathing and bodily movement are control by [COLOR="blue"]THE NERVOUS SYSTEM[/COLOR].EVEN though these systems are different from each other but they often work together to help the body function properly.

[COLOR="blue"]WHAT IS THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM[/COLOR],

[COLOR="blue"]THE FOUNDATION [/COLOR]of this system are [COLOR="blue"]GLANDS[/COLOR] AND [COLOR="blue"]HORMONES[/COLOR].AS the body chemical messenger the harmones tranfer instruction and information from one set of cell to another.MANY DIFFERENT hormones move through the blood stream,but each type of hormones is designed to affect only certain cells.A GLAND is the group of cells that produce or secretes or give off chemicals.A GLAND select and remove material from the blood,and process them and secretes the finished chemical product for use somewhere in the body.SOME TYPES of gland realease their secretion in speacific area.

[COLOR="blue"]THE MAJOR glands that make up the endocrine system include the[/COLOR],
1 THE HYPOTHALAMUS
2 THE PITUITARY GLAND
3 THE THYORID GLAND
4 THE PARATHROID GLAND
5 THE ADERNALS GLANDS
6 THE PINEAL BODY
7 THE REPRODUCATIVE GLANDS

[COLOR="blue"]THE HYPOTHALAMUS,[/COLOR] a collection of specialized cells that is located in [COLOR="blue"]the LOWER CENTRAL PART OF THE BRAIN[/COLOR],is the main link between the endocrine and nervous system.[COLOR="blue"]NERVOUS cell [/COLOR]in the hypothalmus control the pituitary gland by producing chemicals that either stimulates and surpress the [COLOR="blue"]HORMONES[/COLOR] secretion from the pituitary.

[COLOR="blue"]ALTHOUGH it [/COLOR]is not bigger then [COLOR="blue"]THE PEA[/COLOR],THE PITUITARY located at [COLOR="blue"]THE BASE OF THE BRAIN[/COLOR],JUST beneath the hypothalamaus,is considered the most important part of the endocrine system.ITS often called the [COLOR="blue"]'MASTERS [/COLOR][COLOR="blue"]GLAND[/COLOR]'because its make hormones that control several other endocrine glands.THE PRODUCATION and secretion of pituitry gland can be influenced by the factors such as emotions and change in the seasons.TO ACCOMPLASHIED this the hypothalamus provide information that sensed by the brain.

[COLOR="blue"]THE TINY PITUITARY [/COLOR]is divided into two main parts,[COLOR="blue"]THE ANTERIOR LOBE[/COLOR],and [COLOR="blue"]THE POSTERIOR LOBE[/COLOR].THE ANTERIOR LOBE regulate the activity of the thyriod,adernals and reproducative glands.[COLOR="blue"]THE ANTERIOR LOBE [/COLOR]produce hormones such as [COLOR="blue"]GROWTH HORMONES, THYTROPIN,AND [/COLOR][COLOR="blue"]CORTICTROPIN[/COLOR].THE growth hormones stimulate the growth of the body tissues and play a role in the body handling of the body minerals.[COLOR="blue"]THYTROPIN [/COLOR]stimulate the thyriod gland to produce thyriod hormones.[COLOR="blue"]CORTICOTROPIN[/COLOR] stimulate the adernal glands to produce certain hormones.THE PITUITARY ALSO secretes [COLOR="blue"]ENDROPIN[/COLOR],chemical that act on the nervous system and reduce feeling of the pain.IN addition the pituitary secretes the hormones that signal the reproducative organs to make sex hormones.THE POSTERIOR LOB of the pituitary realse [COLOR="blue"]ANTIDIURETIC HORMONES which help control the balance of the body.[/COLOR]
[COLOR="blue"]THE THYRIOD GLAND [/COLOR]located in [COLOR="blue"]THE FRONT PART OF [/COLOR][COLOR="blue"]THE LOWER NECK[/COLOR],is shaped like the butterfly and produce the thyriod hormone [COLOR="blue"]THYROXIN [/COLOR]AND [COLOR="blue"]TRIIODOTHYRNINE,[/COLOR]THESE hormones control the rates at which cell burns fuel from food to produce energy.THE PRODUCATION and release of thyriod hormones is controled by the [COLOR="blue"]THYROTROPIN,[/COLOR]which is secreted by the pituitary gland.These hormones are important in developing strong bones in chliderns and they play a role in the developmentof the BRAIN AND NERVOUS SYSTEM.

[COLOR="blue"]ATTACHED TO THYRIOD ARE FOUR TINY GLANDS [/COLOR]that function together that called the [COLOR="blue"]PARATHRIOD GLANDS[/COLOR].THESE glands release parathyriod hormones, which regulate the level of calcium in the blood.

THE BODY also has two [COLOR="blue"]TRIANGULER ADERNAL GLANDS[/COLOR],one[COLOR="blue"] ON THE TOP OF EACH KIDNEY[/COLOR],these glands have two parts,each of which produce a set of hormones and has a different functions.[COLOR="blue"]THE OUTER PART THE ADERNAL CORTEX[/COLOR],produce hormones called [COLOR="blue"]CORTICOSTERIOD[/COLOR], THAT influence and regulate the salt and water balance in the body,the body responce to stress and metabolism,the immune system.[COLOR="blue"]THE INNER PART THE ADERNAL MEDULLA,produce CATECHOLAMINS.[/COLOR]
[COLOR="blue"]THE PINEAL BODY [/COLOR]also called the pineal gland,is located [COLOR="blue"]IN THE MIDDLE OF THE BRAIN[/COLOR],it secretes the [COLOR="blue"]MELATONIN[/COLOR],a hormones that may help or regulate when you sleep at night,and when you wake in the morning.

[COLOR="blue"]THE GONDAS ARE[/COLOR] the main source of sex and are present in both sexs.

[COLOR="blue"]ALTHOUGH THE ENDOCRINE [/COLOR]glands are the body main hormones procedure,some other hormones not in the endocrine system such as the brain the lungs and heart, liver, and kidney also produce and realease hormones. [COLOR="blue"]THE PANCREAS [/COLOR],is also part of the body hormones secretion system even though it is also assoicated with the digestive system.

[COLOR="blue"]WHAT DOES THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM DO[/COLOR]

[COLOR="blue"]ONCE HORMONES [/COLOR]is secreted it travel from the endocrine gland, that produced it through the blood stream to the cell designed to receive its message,these cells are called TARGET CELLS.ALONG THE way to these cells special protein bind to some of the hormones.THIS protin act as the carrier that control the amount of hormones that is avaiable for the cell to use.THE TARDET CELLS have their own receptior,so each hormones only communicate with specific target cell.

[COLOR="blue"]THINGS THAT CAN GO WRONGE WITH THIS SYSTEM[/COLOR],

[COLOR="blue"]TOO MUCH OR TOO LITTLE [/COLOR]of any hormones can be harmful to our body.FOR EXAMPLE if pituitary gland produce too much of growth hormons a teen maybe grow excessively tall,if it produce too little,a teen maybe unusually short.DOCTORS CAN OFTEN treat problems by controling the producation of hormones or replacing certain hormones with the medications.

LINK
THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
THANKS sohial for your kind sugession

regards
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