[B]Lets guess expected topics for EDS, CSS 2014[/B]
 

[SIZE="5"][B][COLOR="DarkGreen"][B][B]Lets guess expected topics for EDS, CSS 2014[/B][/B][/COLOR][/B][/SIZE]

1) earthquake and its reasons
2) 2 muslim scientist must they ask this year.
3) blood formation and blood group
4)3g teachnology and nano-teachnology
5) communicable and non communicable diseases

Two Muslim scientist which is most expected this year,because trend of Eds paper change.
Two Pakistani Nuclear heros:
1) Dr abdul Qadeer khan
2) Dr samar mubarak mand
Significance of these two heros also demand according to coal project allocated to Dr samar and Dr Qadeer also important to solve energy crisis problem.
Most probably if this year examiner any ask about muslim scientist these are include.regards

earth quake , easons for earthquake
 

earth quakes is the movement of tectonic palte long the magin of plates .
causes of earth quake
elastic rebound theory
every thinh with n elastic limit , stress and strainin directly propontial to each others ,when the elastic limits cross , the new state achieve of plastic limit when continous to deform , same is he phenomenon happened with tectonic plates and eath shake /

types of plates
convergent convergent plate boundries
divergent convergent plateboundries

normal earth quake comes along active plate margines .
dames of earthqukes
demolition of houses , bulding and any ara.
it may bring fire or volcanism
because earthquake is the melting of internal materials ,radio active element msay rise flames , bumps , blast and others volcanicism
meaurement by richte scale . the prediction regarding the earthquke is determined by the radon gs emission from the earth crust .
richter scale measures the intensity of eq , richter scale is caliberated from 1 to 10 in the measurement .
waves of earthquake
in the phenomenon of earthquake . two waves are emitting , p waves and s wves .
p waves
in p waves the movementof particle is pareelel to the propgation of the wavws.
in s wave
the movement of waves is prependicular to the propagation of the waves .

dr aq khan
 

dr a.q khan contribution
in 1976 , krl was established , he made chairman of the krl in later years .
in his contribution , he ran the whole institution with hte help of professional team .
contribution
in setting up nuclear facility at krl , in which pakistan initated nuclear chain reaction . its practically dmonstration was iserved in 1998 .
in addition to this heavy water facility is also constructed to make heavy water as moderatore .
basically , aq khan completed his degree in metallurgy from holland . he worked as enginner in neitheland , he was aware the centrifuge installation and its desiging , his process counts importance in the nucear fission reaction . with the help of centrfuge , uranium 235 and uranium 238 is separated . it contributes 3 % in the whole processbut with out its assistance , nuclear test cannot conduct .
his role was major bbecause of the leader . he organized ehole project under government patronage .
in energy sector , he said that he could helo in making pakistan free of load shedding , but he has not mentioned h is prioities the planning .

dr sammar mubarak mand
 

he basically associates with army , in 1998 chaghai explosion , sammar mubarak presented in the test place . he is master in physics . from government college univerity lahore

contribution
director general of pace pakistan atomic energy commission . pakistan , set up two power plants in mianwali .
government aponited him as a member of planning and development comission . pakistanis a energy starved country with huge potential of thermal energy in sindh . government has allocated budget amount in 2007 . to start thar coal project . in connisance with the former . provincial governmnt was given rights and revenue . he said and repeated many times regarding the energy potential for the betterment of country . pakitan can produce additional energy from thar coasl and may exported to other countries ,
achievment
as a head of thar coal authority , no signifcant achievement rgarding the project . still pakistan is facing electricity shortage in summer and winter .
any one can add more

3 g technology
 

it is the use if tehnology for thetelecommunication industry . one point of worth mentioning , this technology provides other services like live video streaming , video calling and internet access . this tecnology sets the protocols of the mobile phone and telecommunication industry set by intermational mobile telecommunication stated by international telecommunication union . in mtu stated the interntional mobile tetlecommunication 200 standrd needs fast speed data transfer , nd high video frequency . the bandwidth meet te international data trasfer .
the spectrum suitable for 3g need to b 400mhz and 3 ghz . technology uses in the 3g are
cdma
code division multiple access
td -scdma
time division synchronous code dision multiple access
wcdma
widebandcode division multiple access
through this sevice of internet browsing , telecommunication , entertainment ,because the downlaoding speed of 144kb/sec . news , bulletin every thing will be available to every one /

blood formation
 

it is a connective tissue that have nutrient to supplt through out the body .
blood have the combination blood cells and plasma ,
plasma
it is the liquid part of the blood with different chemicl composition
water 90% in composition
8 % organic and in organic solids '
inorganic solids
calcium and sodium
organic solids
fibrogin , albumin
2 % gases carbon , oxygen nitrogen ,
blood cells
three types of lood cells
red blood cells erthrocytes
white blood cells leucocytes
platletes thrmyrocytes

red blood cell
their size is 7 micrometer
biconcave in shape
it has hameoglobin , that has iron and attach with oxygen to form oxy hameoglobin
lack of hameoglobin result in anemia .
life time is 120 days .
they have no nucleus , golgi complex .
white blood cell these are called as leucocytes .
they are colorless , round inshape . having nucleus , with dividing ability .
they aer known as guard or security of the body , owing to defnse system
platlets
these help in blood clotting ,
oval in shape
fibrogin protein to clot blood
life span months to years .
no nucleus , lacking dividing capabiliyty.

blood groups
the blood group associates with the presence of the antigen , proteincious part
in the blood .
ther are different types of blood group on the basis of antigen ,
blood group a is due to presence of antigen a
the blood group b owing to antigen b
while blood group o is the universal donor of neither any antigen a or b
the blood group ab + is the universal recipient with both asntigens .

communicable diseases
 

diseases spread from person to person or animal to person is called communicable disese
medium of transmission
air born diseases , blod transfusuin and other medium
vector or carrier
bacteria and virus
diseases example
aids
hepetitis
influenza
poliomyletius
malaria
tuberclosis
these are the infectious diseses

aids , hepetitis , influenza and polio main vector is virus while in tuberclosis bacteria . malariai s caused by mosquites ,
non communicable diseases
these are chronic diseases . they are related to the single person. in non communicable diseases , spread of epidemic is less .
four types of diseases heart attack , cardiovascular failure , cancer and chronic respiratory diseases fall in this category
at a time , it may prove fatal , this fatality may bring degeneration in health .this diseases cause include un healthy life style . stress and strain , increased urbanization , aging , basically in under develop countries , people of lower or middle class suffer from these diseases . it will produce physhological problems and physical difficulties in individual life .
preventive measures
change in life style
balanced diets
walking , physiacal activites
good relations with other social