Political evaluation Timeline

-1971 Elections; under LFO,
-Separation of East Pakistan; PPP and Awami league emerged mainstream parties, Leage had majority in east, however PPP swept in west.
-Sheikh mujeb given 06 point agenda

-Assembly was made bound to formulate constitutions a/c to given model in given timeframe, otherwise it will stand dissolved.
-AL not participated in legislation on basis of six point agenda, deadline kept same. NA session called in Dacca, PPP not participated
-AL started civil disobedience movement in March 1971. Mujeeb arrested and sent to mianwali jail, AL was banned and declared illegal party.
-By polls announced and all candidates announced successful uncontested, JI, PDP, ML, PPP members declared successful.
-Administrative system failed peoples brought from west Pakistan to perform duty.

1971 War;
-Kashmiri group hijacked planed and landed at Lahore, it was set on fire.
-India banned air traffic,
-Military actins taken in east Pakistan, AL workers fled to India, they got weapons from India.
-War declared on 03 December 1971.
-Pak Army surrendered, ceasefire declared.
-East Pakistan declared Bangladesh on 16 December 1971.
-Bhutto made MLA on 20 December

1973 Constitution;
-Constitution was passed on 10 April 1973 and promulgated on 24 august.
-Islam made religion of state.
-1974 amendment defined Muslim, proclaimed non-Muslims, Ahmadis.
-PM and President will be Muslim.

1977 Elections
-Pakistan National Alliance PNA emerged to defeat PPP.
-Agitation and protests after election results
-Martial law imposed
-Zulfiqar Bhutto faced murder trial of Nawab Muhammad Ahmed, Molvi Mushtaq of Lahore HC hold Bhutto accused of murder, case challenged in supreme court, seven judge bench adjourned the case, two judges withdrew, three favored in high court decision and two opposed. Death penalty awarded to Bhutto by Molvi anwarul haq.


to be continued......

-General Ziaulhaq postponed elections 31 times.

-PPP with other parties formed MRD for rehabilitation of democracy.


1985 Elections

-ML lifted in december, NA elections held in feb 1985 and senate in march on non-party basis.

-Constitutions amended eight times, president empowered to dissolve assembly and sack elected govt.

-General zia elected president in referendum

-Assembly dissolved

-Zia died in airplane crash accident.

-Senate chariman Ghulam Ishaq khan became president


1988 Elections

-Banazir returned, warmly welcomed at Lahore airport

-Supreme court held Non-party basis election illegal.

-PPP won elections, formed govt at center, sindh and KP, IGI comprising ML, JI members in Panjab.

-President Ishaq khan dissolved assemblies after 20 months on charges of curruptoin.

-Ghulam mustafa jatoi became caretaker PM.


1990 Elections

-IGI swept elections, formed govt at center and in all provinces

-President and PM resigned.

-Waseem Sajjad senate chairman became caretaker president and Mueen Qureshi PM.


1993 Elections

-PDF formed govt in center, ML junejo group in sindh, Nawaz in panjab, and Wali Khan in KP.

-Assemblies dissolved by president Farooque laghari, on the basis vote of no confidence


1997 Elections

-PMLN won elections.

-Govt dissolved on 12 Oct 1999. Emergency declared by General Parvez Musharaf.

-Rafique Tarrar resigned on in 2001.


2002 Election

-MLQ’s Zafarullah Jamali became PM.

-Musharaf elected president for five years, in referendum.

-Jamali resigned 26, June 2004 and shuakat aziz became new PM on 26 August 2004.


2008 Elections

-Assembly completed term on 15 oct 2007.

-Muhammad mian soomro made caretaker PM

-Benazir assassinated in Liaqat bagh.

-Elections held on 18 feb 2008

-Yousaf raza Ghilani made PM

-Govt and opposition declared impeachment on 7 August 2008.
-Musharaf resigns on 8 August 2008.

Formation and Evolution of Muslim society in subcontinent


-Indian spices and other articles were famous and traded to europe and Africa. Goods were carried from indian ports to Yemen and then to syria from where shipped to Egypt and Africa.
-Unfortunately Arab traders died in Sri Lanka. Thier widows and orphans were sent to home country with gifts and letters of goodwill to Hajaj bin Yousif, the governor of Basra.
-The strong wind drew vessel to Debul, now called Bhambore, Thata. It was looted and made captive by local pirates
-Hajaj protested to Raja Dahir, who ruled in sindh, (669-712) for return of booty. Raja replied that pirates were not in his control.
-Hajaj sought permission of assault from caliph Walid bin Malik and sent body of soldiers under command of his nephew Muhammad Bin Qasim.

Continued........

Subcontinent before Muslim rule


1. Arrival of Aryans 1500 BC

-Rug vedan their religious book
-Origin Central Asia
-Through Khyber Pass.
-Shortage of Grass for chattle and water caused migration.
-Initially settled in swat after def
-Fighters, Tall, Strong in appearance
-Moved to ganga and jumna rivers
-They were Cattle breeders, Formed villages, worked in fields
-Male-Headed family system
-Large joint families, and tribes,
-Family head powerful and had to look all affairs
-They were goldsmith, carpenters, Masons
-Made large boats to cross the river.
-Made war weapons like Axes, Talvar, Arrows. ETC.
-They knew weaving and cloth making.
-Women worn jewelry
-Meat, Milk, Lasi, their favourite food.
-They prayed natural calamities/Force, Sky, Sea, Flood.
-Brahima their religious leader
-They were divided in into 1.Brahman (Religion heads) 2. Kashtri (War fighters) 3. Vaish (Workers, Farmers) 4. Shoder (Untouchables, Cleanity).

2. Indus river civilization (The bronze age civilization) 3300 BC

-wide paved streets
-Buildings made of baked bricks
-Bedrooms, Baths, Kitchen.
-Paved drainage system.
-Women worn jewelry
-Gold, Silver, Copper found in abundant
-Backed pottery and toys also found.
-Dancing girl statue.
-Weaving and cloth making
-Farming tools,


3. Harappa Civilization 2600–1900 BC

-25 KM From Sahiwal
-Located near the former course of the Ravi River
-Backed brick build buildings with boundary walls
-Separate offices
-Change of flow of Indus river caused its destruction

4. Buddhism 600 BC


-Reaction to hindu caste system injustice
-Founder “Gautam Budh” original name Siddharth, Son of “Kapilvastu”
-Married to beautiful girl “Yashodhara” to divert his attention from deep thinking.
-He quit home, walked in forests
-Sat under a tree in Goa where he realized to have gain freedom.
-Buddhist Teachings were as follow.
-Abandon wishes and desires to lead comfortable life
-Speak truth, live simple life
-Not kill living things.
-All human beings are equal
-Right Idea, Right thought and Right action are key to success.
-Success of Buddhism were for following reasons
-Rid of violence of hindu caste system.
-No pre conditions for followers
-Education in simple local language

Formation and Evolution of Muslim society in subcontinent


Conditions of subcontinent before arrival of muslims


-Subcontinent was divided in small states ruled by Rajas.
-Wars for enhancing territoires of their states
-Some of them ruled on wider territories such as “Ashuk” follower of Buddhism, others were Chander Gupt, Vikrma jit. -Powerful Hindu Raja Harish, ruled whole northern India.He died in 648 AD.
-Muslims entered in 711, in subcontinent
-Sindh was the gateway to islam.
-Indian spices and other articles were famous and traded to europe and Africa. Goods were carried from indian ports to Yemen and then to syria from where shipped to Egypt and Africa.
-Transit trade between india and Africa and europe was in hands of arabs
-Unfortunately Arab traders died in Sri Lanka. Thier widows and orphans were sent to home country with gifts and letters of goodwill to Hajaj bin Yousif, the governor of Basra.
-The strong wind drew vessel to Debul, now called Bhambore, Thata. It was looted and made captive by local pirates
-Hajaj protested to Raja Dahir, who ruled in sindh, (669-712) for return of booty. Raja replied that pirates were not in his control.
-Hajaj sought permission of assault from caliph Walid bin Malik and sent body of soldiers under command of his nephew Muhammad Bin Qasim.

Conquest of Sindh 712 AD (Muhammad bin Qasim


-Arabs used to come south asia via sea routes for trading purpose,
-Some Arabs died eventually in Sri Lanka, their luggage, with women and children was sent via ship, to Arab with gifts.
-An Storm turned the course of ship to Debal port, where it was looted by Dacoits.
-”Hajaj bin yousif” then was the governor of Iraq, he sent message to “Raja Dahar” to free ship and to punish the culprits, when Dahar shown reluctance the Hajaj prepared for an attack
-Muhammad bin Qasim the nephew of Hajjaj was made commander of Army.
-12000 Army with war weapons Manjiks, was sent via land and Food and other necessities was sent to them via sea.
-Qasim attacked on debal and succeed in falling religious flag.
-Raja Dahir defeated in 712 AD
-A mosque was build near debal at banbhore
-Qasim conquered NirnKot fort .
-Directed to BrihimAbad where both armies met at Arror modern sukker, Qasim defeated Dahar fighting with Large army approx 50000, Dahar was Also Killed. It was 712.
-Qasim Moved to Multan and conquest it, they found lot of gold and booty, they carried to Arab.
-He was killed by new caliph Sulaiman bin Abdul Malik.
-Peoples impressed by justice, integrity and benevolence of qasim
-Many peoples converted to new faith.
-Reappointed Dahar's Employees.
-Helped war victims
-Postal system founded
-Religious freedom enjoyed by minorities
-Land was given for building Mandirs to Hindus.

2. Mahmood Ghaznavi and other four dynasties 1026-1526 AD


-Mahmud Ghaznavi and their successors were central Asian.
-Islam existed in multan and other parts in this era.
-Sultan Subghateen of Afghanistan attacked India before Mahmood Gazanavi
-Mahmood Ghazni attacked 17 times in 1026, his last famous last attack was in south India at Kathiawar, where he demolished a large Hindu Mandir.
-He ruled the regions presently included in pakistan.

-After 150 years Mahmud Ghauri attacked south Asia, he defeated a powerful king “Prithviraj” and ruled northern subcontinent, he appointed Qutubuddin Obaik his deputy, who was his servant, Qutub conquered more areas in 1206, and seized Delhi also, this way a strong government was formed it was know the “Servant Era”.

-KhiljiFamily, the famous king “Allaudin Khilji” formed strong government and ruled the whole subcontinent.

-Taghliq Family, two famous kings 1. Mohammad Taghlik 2. Feroz Taghlik, sindh was part of Dehli residency, Timur Taghlib attacked Delhi, took large war booty and went back to Turkmenistan.

-Lodhi and Syed Family, last king of this family was Ibrahim Lodhi
-Persian replaced the Arabic language

3. Mughal Dynasty1526-1707


-in 1526 Zahiruddin babur of kabul defeated Ibrahim lodhi at Panipat, he was Turk by origin.
-Babar defeated famous hindu king Rana Singha.
-Nasiruddin Humayun son of Babar was defeated by soldier of his father army “Sardar Sher khan suri”. Humayun came and regained his kingdom after death of suri, with support of shah of Iran.
-Jalaluddin Muhammad Akbar.
-Jahangir
-Shahjahan, Known as a engineer King for unique constructions, it was known as golden era of mughal dynasty. Famous constructions, Red Fort of Delhi, Taj Mahal of Agra, Badshahi Masjid were constructed in his period.
-Aurangzeb Alamgeer, he ruled whole south asia, died in 1707. After him mughal rule weakened it was confined to delhi only.
-Bahadur Shah Zafar, the last king of Mughal dynasty.