syllabus ( excluding history and land and people part )
III. Pakistan and Changing Regional Apparatus
IV. Nuclear Program of Pakistan, its Safety and Security; International Concerns
V. Regional Economic Cooperation (SAARC,ECO,SCO) and the Role of Pakistan
VI. Civil-Military Relations in Pakistan
VII. Economic Challenges in Pakistan
VIII. Non-Traditional Security Threats in Pakistan: Role of Non-State Actors
IX. Pakistan’s Role in the Region
X. Palestine Issue
XI. Changing Security Dynamics for Pakistan: Challenges to National Security of
Pakistan
XII. Political Evolution Since 1971
XIII. Pakistan and US War on Terror
XIV. Foreign Policy of Pakistan Post 9/11
XV. Evolution of Democratic System in Pakistan
XVI. Ethnic Issues and National Integration
XVII. Hydro Politics ; Water Issues in Domestic and Regional Context
XVIII. Pakistan’s National Interest
XIX. Challenges to Sovereignty
XX. Pakistan’s Energy Problems and their Effects
XXI. Pakistan’s Relations with Neighbors excluding India
XXII. Pakistan and India Relations Since 1947
XXIII. Kashmir Issue
XXIV. The war in Afghanistan since 1979 and its impact on, and challenges to Pakistan,
in the Post 2014 era.
XXV. Proxy Wars: Role of External Elements
13
Revised Scheme and Syllabus for CSS Competitive Examination-2016
XXVI. Economic Conditions of Pakistan, the Most Recent Economic Survey, the Previous
and Current Budgets, and the Problems and Performance of Major Sectors of
Economy.
XXVII. The Recent Constitutional and Legal Debates, the Latest Constitutional
Amendments and Important Legislations, Legal Cases and the Role of Higher
Courts.
XXVIII. The Prevailing Social Problems of Pakistan and the Strategies to Deal with Them,
Poverty, Education, Health and Sanitation.

my strategy for the preparation of this portion was something like detailed below

topic Economic Challenges

www.dawn.com
express tribune
daily times
nation
the news

after opening their sites , there will be a search bar , wro9te topic in tht and result would be in the form of coloumns

extract 4-5 coloumns , thats the answer you need ...copy paste , take print , and prepare it.

now how to study style does matter i was usually like this .

economic challenges:

outline

introduction
Present/Current scenario:
causes /reasons/ why economic crises
Repercussions
suggestions /remedial measures /practical solutions
hopes ( what good so far has been done )
conclusion

divide a column like this or in following headings what my observation is that mostly are written in this format

for example :

consider this coloumn of Sakib sherani on economy

http://www.dawn.com/news/1278478/a-gathering-storm
http://www.dawn.com/news/1275484/pov...eform-ambition
http://www.dawn.com/news/1272346/a-tale-of-two-journeys

introduction
Present/Current scenario:
causes /reasons/ why economic crises
1. decline in remittance inflows

2. decline in Export earnings

3.Pakistan’s current policy framework
Pakistan’s current policy framework is anti-manufacturing and anti-export in particular. Withheld refunds, advance taxes, additional levies such as the Gas Infrastructure Development Cess, the withdrawal of the zero-rated sales tax regime, in combination with an overvalued exchange rate, have played havoc with the export sector. As a result, export quantities, and not just unit prices, have fallen with the consequences most evident in Pakistan’s main textile and clothing categories.

4.Without a change in policies — and attitude of policymakers:
Without a change in policies — and attitude of policymakers — it is highly unlikely that the export situation will be temporary and reverse by itself. A casual, lackadaisical nonchalance pervades the top leadership of the ministries of finance and commerce with regard to Pakistan’s falling exports — percolating right up to the prime minister himself. For a supposedly pro-business government, this hands-off and unconcerned attitude is beyond shocking — and is also testament to the lack of understanding and interest of parliament in holding economic policymakers accountable.

5.Pakistan’s exports on ‘auto-pilot’:
With Pakistan’s exports on ‘auto-pilot’ and no one taking ownership or steering the ship, the finance minister has instead focused on external borrowing to bridge the country’s foreign exchange needs. For 2016-17, he has outlined plans to borrow over $4bn on commercial terms from market sources via sovereign bonds and commercial bank borrowing. For most well-managed economies, exports of goods and services provide a large part of the external financing needs. In Pakistan’s case, exports now pay for only 46pc of our imports.

6.inflow of foreign direct investment:
Another important element of external account stability is inflow of foreign direct investment. This too has declined in the past few years to rock-bottom levels, especially from countries other than China. While there are signs FDI is picking up moderately, and there is genuine investor interest on the back of excitement regarding the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), the inflows from this source are far below potential or what is required to underpin the balance of payments.

7.international oil prices
If international oil prices also increase during this period, as the current excess supply is worked off and under-investment begins to impact longer-term supply, we could have the makings of a perfect storm for Pakistan’s balance of payments a few years down the road. The country will then rue the lack of understanding of the issue and inattention by today’s policymakers to Pakistan’s exports.

8.balance-of-payments horizon
ARE dark clouds beginning to hover on the balance-of-payments horizon? Worker remittances to Pakistan have hit an air pocket in July, dropping over 20 per cent from a year earlier. Since the launch of the Pakistan Remittance Initiative in mid-2009, worker remittance inflows have recorded robust annual increases, growing from around $6.5 billion in 2007-08 to $19.9bn in 2015-16. Over this period, these inflows have increased at an average of 15.3pc each year, rising faster than Pakistan’s merchandise exports. At 7pc of GDP, the volume of remittances has grown to nearly the same level as goods exports from Pakistan, highlighting their outsized importance in the country’s balance of payments.
9.The most anti-reform constituency in Pakistan, contrary to popular perception, is not the politicians but the bureaucracy.
Barring occasional, individual reform champions, the bulk of Pakistan’s civil service has become an entrenched vested interest that is protecting unimaginably huge rents, and for whom serious and meaningful reform that will alter the status quo for the better is anathema. While the FBR bureaucracy is the most obvious example, it is not an outlier: the entire civil service has over the years appeared to align itself to protecting its “empire of rents”. This empire straddles everything from public procurement to land allotment to tax-exempt or concessionary plots, perks and privileges, to re-employment on contract.
10.This sense of entitlement and privilege
This sense of entitlement and privilege, which is a hallmark of elite-captured societies and has been on display in Pakistan since independence, undermines democracy as well as economic development. Arguments have been presented that democracy is all that matters, corruption is a non-issue and does not hold back development, or that it is unavoidable and we should learn to live with it.

The fundamental point these well-meaning arguments are missing is that there is a difference between a flawed system of elections that throws up elected kleptocrats and their scions, allows them to loot the public exchequer and then protects them from prosecution and enforcement of the rule of law, and an ‘institutional democracy’.
Repercussions
1.A potential decline in remittances would compound the effect of the continuous fall in Pakistan’s other main foreign exchange earner: exports.

suggestions /remedial measures /practical solutions
1.overhauling and modernising Pakistan’s civil service.
Beyond these specific areas, over-arching reform is required in one aspect of economic governance without which CPEC or any other initiative relating to the economy will not be able to succeed: overhauling and modernising Pakistan’s civil service.
2.More perniciously, the “tax arbitrage” — the difference between what a documented business has to pay in taxes and the advantage accruing to a non-tax paying firm — has widened to the point where the informal economy is growing at the expense of the formal economy. Clearly this is not an intended or beneficial outcome of the current policy framework. Hence, one of the foremost reform areas that needs to be addressed to improve Pakistan’s international competitiveness and to re-invigorate economic growth, is tax policy and administration.
3.True democracy cannot exist or function without a strong institutional foundation. The institutional framework ensures a legal basis to the absence of discrimination in the application of the rule of law. When enclaves of privilege exist in a ‘democracy’ where either the rule of law does not apply, or where obligations to state and society are not enforced on a few, that cannot be classified as rule of the people.

hopes ( what good so far has been done )
1.CPEC
Fortunately, the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) provides a mega-opportunity and an entry point into the kind of meaningful, wide-ranging internal reform of economic governance and management that Pakistan so desperately needs. These reforms encompass the financial sector, logistics and transport, overall competition in the economy, tax policy as well as administration, among a host of others.

conclusion
With the politicians becoming wiser since 2008, these rents are being shared — but the pie appears to have grown to accommodate new demands. Hence, any reform effort that attempts to ignore the “elephant in the room” — institutional reform – will have little chance of succeeding. And if institutional reform is the elephant in the room, the 700-pound gorilla sitting in the corner is civil service reform. Without slaying these dragons, Pakistan’s quest for a modern, vibrant, globally-connected and inclusive economy will remain a pipe dream, CPEC notwithstanding.
The current system of governance which ensures power and privileges for the few is unlikely to deliver for the majority, nor is it likely to be changed by ‘insiders’ — unless the current beneficiaries recognise that the status quo is unsustainable. From the outside, ‘people power’ (including the influence of civil society) will need to be exerted to make wholesale changes that make the system truly work for the majority. The system itself has to be fixed before elections will deliver democracy. The holding of regular elections within a flawed system that has been rigged and captured is unlikely on its own to flush out kleptocrats. That is the unfortunate experience of a host of countries ranging from Argentina to Zimbabwe.


css aspirants used to call me alot
how to study paper , how to extract material, ham to bhol jaty han kya pharna ha etc etc , i used to do such things , i xplained people you can find answers in coloumns specailly , IR < current affairs , pak affairs and islamyat ,,,

what i think perhaps its the best way for such subjects , dont ruin yourself after going to academies and waste your time , 3-4 artices are enough for each question ... i tried to make answer ... its not final not all in all.. its just a way ..upto you people ... have it or ignore it ... best of luck

can u tell techniques for other comp subjects too,just an overview? and of socio,IR n IL if you had these as optional.

I am also looking for the above given same question's answer.
Kindly explain.Thanks

yeah i will make posts regarding all my subjects optional and compulsory . as i get time . regarding Pakistan affairs and current affairs. just go for columns, it also works for your vocab ,though for me vocab doesnt matter yet people always ask about that .

Sakib Sherani writes about economy , google his columns , economy wont be a worry for you . similarly , Moeed Yousaf writes about relations , huma yousaf social issues etc . Abbas Nasir, and A G noorani writes on Pak India ... or google in newspapers your relevant topic

Thankyou this is what we needed, as soon as possible please.

Sent from my SM-N900T using Tapatalk

Thank you brother.Please share strategy for International Relations as well.

I really appreciate the work u have put up for the fecilitation of all the css aspirants, it's really very helpful for all of us, once again thank you!

Thank you for the selfless effort you are making for others, as the saying goes "help the helpless and one one day if you are helpless someone will help you"

Laudable effort sir Shoaib, glad to see that still there are still some sincere people on this forum, Stay blessed.