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#1
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PAKISTAN: At a Glance
PAKISTAN UPDATED FACTS & FIGURES Introduction Country name:
Etymology: the word "pak" means "pure" in Persian or Pashto, while the Persian suffix "-stan" means "place of" or "country," so the word Pakistan literally means "Land of the Pure" Independence: 14 August 1947 (from British India) Flag Description: Green with a vertical white band (symbolizing the role of religious minorities) on the hoist side; a large white crescent and star are centered in the green field; the crescent, star, and color green are traditional symbols of Islam National symbol(s): Star and crescent, jasmine; National colors: green, white National anthem:
Note: adopted 1954; also known as "Pak sarzamin shad bad" (Blessed Be the Sacred Land) Background: The Indus Valley civilization, one of the oldest in the world and dating back at least 5,000 years, spread over much of what is presently Pakistan. During the second millennium B.C., remnants of this culture fused with the migrating Indo-Aryan peoples. The area underwent successive invasions in subsequent centuries from the Persians, Greeks, Scythians, Arabs (who brought Islam), Afghans, and Turks. The Mughal Empire flourished in the 16th and 17th centuries; the British came to dominate the region in the 18th century. The separation in 1947 of British India into the Muslim state of Pakistan (with West and East sections) and largely Hindu India was never satisfactorily resolved, and India and Pakistan fought two wars and a limited conflict - in 1947-48, 1965, and 1999 respectively - over the disputed Kashmir territory. A third war between these countries in 1971 - in which India capitalized on Islamabad's marginalization of Bengalis in Pakistani politics - resulted in East Pakistan becoming the separate nation of Bangladesh. In response to Indian nuclear weapons testing, Pakistan conducted its own tests in mid-1998. India-Pakistan relations improved in the mid-2000s but have been rocky since the November 2008 Mumbai attacks and have been further strained by attacks in India by militants suspected of being based in Pakistan. Nawaz SHARIF took office as prime minister in 2013, marking the first time in Pakistani history that a democratically elected government completed a full term and transitioned to a successive democratically elected government. Pakistan has been engaged in a decades-long armed conflict with militant groups that target government institutions and civilians, including the Tehrik-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) and other militant networks. Geography : Location: Southern Asia, bordering the Arabian Sea, between India on the east and Iran and Afghanistan on the west and China in the north Geographic coordinates: 30 00 N, 70 00 E Map references: Asia Area:
Area - comparative: Slightly more than five times the size of Georgia; slightly less than twice the size of California Land boundaries:
Coastline: 1,046 km Maritime claims:
Climate: Mostly hot, dry desert; temperate in northwest; arctic in north Terrain: Divided into three major geographic areas:
Elevation:
Natural resources:
Land use:
Irrigated land: 202,000 sq km (2012) Population - distribution: The Indus River and its tributaries attract most of the settlement, with Punjab province the most densely populated Natural hazards: Frequent earthquakes, occasionally severe especially in north and west; Flooding along the Indus after heavy rains (July and August) Environment - current issues: Water pollution from raw sewage, industrial wastes, and agricultural runoff; Limited natural freshwater resources; most of the population does not have access to potable water; deforestation; soil erosion; desertification Environment - international agreements: Party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands Signed, but not ratified: Marine Life Conservation Geography - note: Controls Khyber Pass and Bolan Pass, traditional invasion routes between Central Asia and the Indian Subcontinent Government Government type: Federal parliamentary republic Capital:
Administrative divisions: 4 provinces, 1 territory*, 1 capital territory** and 2 administrative entities***;
Note: the Pakistani-administered portion of the disputed Jammu and Kashmir region consists of 2 administrative entities: Azad Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan National holiday: Pakistan Day (also referred to as Pakistan Resolution Day or Republic Day), 23 March (1940); Note - commemorates both the adoption of the Lahore Resolution by the All-India Muslim League during its 22-24 March 1940 session, which called for the creation of independent Muslim states, and the adoption of the first constitution of Pakistan on 23 March 1956 during the transition to the Islamic Republic of Pakistan Constitution:
Legal system: Common law system with Islamic law influence International law organization participation: Accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; non-party state to the ICCt Citizenship:
Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal; Note - there are joint electorates and reserved parliamentary seats for women and non-Muslims Executive branch:
Legislative branch:
Judicial branch:
Political parties and leaders:
Note: Political alliances in Pakistan shift frequently Political pressure groups and leaders: Other: military; ulema (clergy); landowners; industrialists; small merchants International organization participation:
Diplomatic representation in the US: Chief of mission: Aizaz Ahmad CHAUDHRY (since 24 April 2017) Diplomatic representation from the US: Chief of mission: Ambassador David M. HALE (since 3 December 2015) |
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#2
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People and Society
People and Society
Population:
Nationality: Noun: Pakistani(s) Adjective: Pakistani Ethnic groups:
Languages:
Religions:
Age structure:
Dependency ratios:
Median age:
Population growth rate:
Birth rate:
Death rate:
Net migration rate:
Population distribution: The Indus River and its tributaries attract most of the settlement, with Punjab province the most densely populated Urbanization:
Major urban areas - population:
Sex ratio:
Mother's mean age at first birth: 23.4 years Note: median age at first birth among women 25-29 (2012/13 est.) Maternal mortality rate:
Infant mortality rate:
Life expectancy at birth:
Total fertility rate:
Contraceptive prevalence rate: 35.4% (2012/13) Health expenditures:
Physicians density: 0.81 physicians/1,000 population (2014) Hospital bed density: 0.6 beds/1,000 population (2012) Drinking water source: improved:
unimproved:
Sanitation facility access: improved:
unimproved:
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
HIV/AIDS - deaths:
Major infectious diseases: degree of risk: high
Obesity - adult prevalence rate:
Children under the age of 5 years underweight:
Education expenditures:
Literacy: Definition: age 15 and over can read and write
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):
Unemployment, youth ages 15-24:
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#3
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Economy
Economy - overview:
Decades of internal political disputes and low levels of foreign investment have led to slow growth and underdevelopment in Pakistan. Pakistan has a large English-speaking population. Nevertheless, a challenging security environment, electricity shortages, and a burdensome investment climate have deterred investors. Agriculture accounts for one-fifth of output and two-fifths of employment. Textiles and apparel account for most of Pakistan's export earnings, and Pakistan's failure to diversify its exports has left the country vulnerable to shifts in world demand. Pakistan’s GDP growth has gradually increased since 2012. Official unemployment was 6.1% in 2016, but this fails to capture the true picture, because much of the economy is informal and underemployment remains high. Human development continues to lag behind most of the region. In 2013, Pakistan embarked on a $6.3 billion IMF Extended Fund Facility, which focused on reducing energy shortages, stabilizing public finances, increasing revenue collection, and improving its balance of payments position. The program concluded in September 2016. Although Pakistan missed several structural reform criteria, it restored macroeconomic stability, improved its credit rating, and boosted growth. The Pakistani rupee, after heavy depreciation in 2013, remained relatively stable against the US dollar in 2016. Low global oil prices in 2016 contributed to a narrowing current account deficit and lower inflation. Remittances from overseas workers continued to be a key revenue source, also mitigating the impact of the lack of foreign investment and a growing trade deficit on the country’s current account. Pakistan must continue to address several long-standing issues, including expanding investment in education and healthcare, adapting to the effects of climate change and natural disasters, improving the country’s business environment, reducing dependence on foreign donors, and widening the country’s tax base. Given demographic challenges, Pakistan’s leadership will be pressed to implement economic reforms, promote further development of the energy sector, and attract foreign investment to support sufficient economic growth necessary to employ its growing and rapidly urbanizing population, much of which is under the age of 25. In an effort to boost development, Pakistan and China are implementing the “China-Pakistan Economic Corridor”, a $46 billion investment program targeted towards the energy sector and other infrastructure projects that Islamabad and Beijing had agreed on in early 2013. GDP (purchasing power parity):
Note: Data are in 2016 dollars. Data are for fiscal years GDP (official exchange rate):
GDP - Real Growth Rate:
Note: Data are for fiscal years GDP - per capita (PPP):
Note: data are in 2016 dollars. Data are for fiscal years Gross national saving:
Note: Data are for fiscal years GDP - composition, by end use:
GDP - composition, by sector of origin:
Agriculture - products:
Industries:
Industrial production growth rate:
Labor force - by occupation:
Unemployment rate:
Note: substantial underemployment exists Population below poverty line:
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
Distribution of family income - Gini index:
Budget:
Taxes and other revenues:
Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-):
Public debt:
Fiscal year:
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
Central bank discount rate:
Commercial bank prime lending rate:
Stock of narrow money:
Stock of broad money:
Stock of domestic credit:
Market value of publicly traded shares:
Current account balance:
Exports:
Exports - commodities:
Exports - partners:
Imports:
Imports - commodities:
Imports - partners:
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
Debt - external:
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:
Exchange rates: Pakistani rupees (PKR) per US dollar -
__________________
To succeed,look at things not as they are,but as they can be.:) |
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#4
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Energy
Energy
Electricity access:
Electricity - production:
Electricity - consumption:
Electricity - exports:
Electricity - imports:
Electricity - installed generating capacity:
Electricity - from fossil fuels:
Electricity - from nuclear fuels:
Electricity - from hydroelectric plants:
Electricity - from other renewable sources:
Crude oil - production:
Crude oil - exports:
Crude oil - imports:
Crude oil - proved reserves:
Refined petroleum products - production:
Refined petroleum products - consumption:
Refined petroleum products - exports:
Refined petroleum products - imports:
Natural gas - production:
Natural gas - consumption:
Natural gas - exports:
Natural gas - imports:
Natural gas - proved reserves:
Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy:
__________________
To succeed,look at things not as they are,but as they can be.:) |
The Following 3 Users Say Thank You to Amna For This Useful Post: | ||
abdulsalam88 (Tuesday, October 24, 2017), Anum Zara (Saturday, June 24, 2017), étoile brillante (Saturday, August 11, 2018) |
#5
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Communications
Communications
Telephone system: General assessment: The telecommunications infrastructure is improving, with investments in mobile-cellular networks increasing, but fixed-line subscriptions declining; system consists of microwave radio relay, coaxial cable, fiber-optic cable, cellular, and satellite networks; 3G and 4G mobile services introduced Domestic: Mobile-cellular subscribership has skyrocketed; more than 90% of Pakistanis live within areas that have cell phone coverage; Fiber-optic networks are being constructed throughout the country to increase broadband access, though broadband penetration in Pakistan is still relatively low International: Country code - 92; Landing point for the SEA-ME-WE-3 and SEA-ME-WE-4 submarine cable systems that provide links to Asia, the Middle East, and Europe; Satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Indian Ocean); 3 operational international gateway exchanges (1 at Karachi and 2 at Islamabad); Microwave radio relay to neighboring countries (2015) Broadcast media:
Telephones - fixed lines:
Telephones - mobile cellular:
Internet country code:
Internet users:
__________________
To succeed,look at things not as they are,but as they can be.:) |
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#6
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Transportation
Transportation
National air transport system:
Civil aircraft registration country code prefix:
Airports:
Airports - with paved runways:
Airports - with unpaved runways:
Heliports: 23 (2013) Pipelines:
Railways:
Roadways:
Merchant marine:
Ports and terminals:
__________________
To succeed,look at things not as they are,but as they can be.:) |
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#7
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Military and Security
Military and Security
Military expenditures:
Military branches:
Military service age and obligation:
Transnational Issues Disputes - international:
Trafficking in persons:
Illicit drugs:
__________________
To succeed,look at things not as they are,but as they can be.:) |
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#8
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Earlier this year, Pakistan managed to have its Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) extended by an additional 150 nautical miles (nm) or 278 kilometers (km). so our EEZ is 360 nautical miles.
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#9
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Quote:
would you kindly tell the source of information especially if I need to know to more about Land and people of Pakistan-------Geography, Society, Natural resources, Agriculture, Industry and education with reference to characteristics, trends and problems. Thanks |
#10
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Great Work
Great research work and sharing
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