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Old Monday, November 13, 2006
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Thumbs down Pak Staudies & Islmic Education for CSS

[CENTER][COLOR="SeaGreen"] EVOCATIVE SUBSTEXT ISLAMIC & PAKISTAN STUDIES (COMPULSORY)
For All Competitive Exams i.e. CSS/PCS/ISSB/CCEs/CAs/MBBS.
By. Abdul Salam Khan, Baloch.
M.A (Political Science) M.A (International Relations) DE-Psych (AKUH)
Suggestion to bring more improvements in current subject would highly be appreciated.


NOTE: - Attempt any Five questions. Two from part A and Three from Part B.

PART A

1. Write and discuss all the elements of the lofty and sacred life of Holy Prophet Hazrat Mohammad (MPBUH).
2. Write in detail the Ethical Values and their importance in Islam and other Societies.
3. Define SHARIAH and mention the basic sources of Islamic Law.
4. Explain very briefly the causes, events and the results of the HIRAT-I-NABI (S.A.W).
5. The Personality of Hazrat Mohammad (PBUH) is perfect and complete in every aspect. Discuss in Detail.
6. What are the “Arkan-I-Islam”? Explain each one of them and what are their collective benefits?
7. Islam is Complete Code of Life? Discuss in detail.
8. Elucidate the background, main events and significance of the conquest of Macca by the Holy Prophet (MPBUH)?
9. What are the fundamental elements required for formation of an Islamic Society?
10. Write Short Notes on any Two of the Following?

• Kasb-i-Hilal.
• Shirk.
• Doctrine of Tauhid.
• Status of Women folk in Islam.

PART B.

1. What are the important elements of National Unity and Solidarity? Discuss their particular Importance for the people of Pakistan.
2. The System of Education in Pakistan should be reconstructed, so as to reflect national aspirations. Discuss briefly?
3. Write in detail the Constitutional History of Pakistan. And also put light to the Islamic Sections in the Constitution framed in 1973.
4. What do you know about sir Syed Ahmed Khan? What are his social and political services?
5. Why did the Muslims of India demanded for a separate homeland? Now have we achieved our national objectives, as foreseen before Independence?
6. What do you know about Hazrat shah Wali Ullah and Hazrat Mujaddad Alif Sani? Discuss their social and Islamic reformations?
7. How you can Make/See, ‘Pakistan an Ideal Islamic Welfare and prosperous Country?
8. Point out difficulties that Pakistan had to face at its creation?
9. What is the Ideology of Pakistan? How can it be related to Pakistan Movement?
10. What Importance do you accord to the Allahabad Address of Allama Mohammad Iqbal in the Political History of Sub-continent?
11. Cabinet Mission Plan became the cause of the division of the Sub-continent, Discuss?
12. The Congress Ministers of 1937 laid the foundation for the separate homeland for the Muslims, Discuss?
13. Write a note on Objective Resolution?
14. What do you know about the evaluation of Partition Idea?
15. Growth of Muslims nationhood and evaluation of the two nation’s theory was natural. Discuss?
16. Role of Balochistan in Freedom Movement of Pakistan?
17. Concisely note down the determinant factors of Pakistan’s Foreign Policy?
18. What were the Educational Reforms during Freedom Movement?
19. Write Short Notes any Two of the following:-

• Non-Formal Education.
• Cultural Heritage of Pakistan.
• Hazrat Mujaddad Alif Sani and his Reformations.
• The Terrorism in our homeland.
• The Kashmir Problem.
• Democracy in Pakistan.
• Islamic Sections in the Constitution framed in 1973.
• Devolution Plan & Decentralization of Powers at Gross Root Level.
• LFO (The Legal Framework Order).
• Fall off of Educational Arena in Pakistan, Reasons, Responsibilities and Impact on Progress of Country.

Best Wishes!

Supplementary Addition

(B) Write only the correct answer in the answer book, do not reproduce the question (1 mark each)

1). Which Surah starts without Bismillah

c) Al-Toba

2). A male is coffined/wrapped in __ dressed sheets

b) 2

3). Amount of zakat cannot be used in _____

b) mosque

4). What is sahlihain

c) bukhari and muslim

5). Jehad become mandatory in ___hijra

b) 2 AH

6). Which one is called masha’ar-ul-haram

a) mina valley (I AM NOT SURE ABOUT THIS ANSWER)

7). Who was the first martyre in Islam

c) hazarat sumaya (RA

8). Who first embraced islam among women

c) hazrat khadija (RA)

9). What is istelam

c) kissing hajre aswad

10). Who collected Quranic verses in one place

d) hazrat usman (RA)


SOLVED QUESTIONS OF PART A
Shirk - Setting up partners in worship with Allah,
Hadith - Qudsi 5
I am so self-sufficient that I am in no need of having an associate. Thus he who does an action for someone else's sake as well as mine will have that action renounced by me to him whom he associated with me.
Shirk is Unforgivable
4:48
• Verily, Allah forgives not that partners should be set up with him in worship, but He forgives except that (anything else) to which He pleases, and whoever sets up partners with Allah in worship, he has indeed invented a tremendous sin. Do not seek aid in anyone but Allah.
• Do not do a good deed for anyone, including yourself, your pride, fame, or fortune: instead, do it for the pleasure of Allah, swt, alone.
Shirk is associating partner with Allah or giving a share (of those which belongs to Allah alone) to others i.e. ghairullah. Shirk is the most hated sin by Allah. Allah says in the Quran that Shirk is the greatest sin (Inna -al-shirka Zhulm al-azheem Quran 31:14). He also says that He will forgive all other sins if he wishes, except Shirk (Quran 4:49). So, it is our duty to be wary of the damage it can cause to our belief and avoid it.
The Shirk have been classified into four categories and have explained them. You cannot learn these things without the guidance mandatory to recite Holy Quran.
The four types of Shirk are:
1. Shirke Ismi or Shirke Jali
2. Shirke Fi’li or Shirke Kafi
3. Shirke vasfi or Shirke Akhfa
4. Shirke Zaathi or Shirke Khafiyyul Akhfa.

Status of Women folk in Islam.
History is silent as to whether there was any distinction in status between the male and the female sexes during the beginnings of human civilization. In later days no doubt the female sex was regarded as inferior to the male and the idea of inferiority developed to such an extent that the male sex not only claimed a complete superiority over the female sex, but further arrogated to itself the right to utilize and employ the female sex as it liked.
Such was the condition of the female sex in the world when Mohammed (may the peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) the Savoir of womanhood, stood up in Arabia and, through the Divine Revelation of the Lord of the Universe Who created both the male and the female and Who loves them equally, preached to the world that :
• Females were just like males
• Have equal rights
• Have equal honor
• Equal status in life
The Holy Prophet is reported to have said: "A woman is the queen of her house." The Holy Quran describes the position of the wife in a beautiful verse, "He created for you mates from among yourselves that you might find solace in them and he ordained between you love and mercy," [Quran 30:21]
The Prophet said: "The most perfect of believers in faith is the best of them in morals and the best of you are those who are kindest to your wives." In his famous Address at the Farewell Pilgrimage, the Prophet again laid stress on the good treatment on womenfolk. He said: "O my people, you have certain rights over your wives and so have your wives over you .... They are Allah's trust in your hand. See that you treat them with all kindness."
MOTHER
As mothers, the status of women has been raised by Islam to such an extent that nothing higher is conceivable.
The Holy Quran says:
Your Lord has commanded that you shall worship none but Him and goodness to your parents. If either or both of them reach old age in your life, say not to them a word of contempt, nor repel them, but address them in terms of honor. And make yourself submissively gentle to them with compassion and say: O my Lord bestow on them compassion even as they cherished me in my childhood. [Quran 17 23-24]
Thus with respect to their position in life, their inherent rights as human beings and their relations with Allah men and women are on an equal plane in Islam. This was the teaching of the Holy Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). And this too is the verdict of the Holy Quran for Allah says,
"Never will I waste the work of a worker among you, whether male or female. You are members, one of another."[Quran 3:195]


SOLVED QUESTIONS OF PART B
Non-formal education became part of the international discourse on education policy in the late 1960s and early 1970s. It can be seen as related to the concepts of recurrent and lifelong learning. Tight (1996: 68) suggests that whereas the latter concepts have to do with the extension of education and learning throughout life, non-formal education is about 'acknowledging the importance of education, learning and training which takes place outside recognized educational institutions'. Fordham (1993) suggests that in the 1970s, four characteristics came be associated with non-formal education:
• Relevance to the needs of disadvantaged groups.
• Concern with specific categories of person.
• A focus on clearly defined purposes.
• Flexibility in organization and methods.
In many northern countries the notion of non-formal education is not common in internal policy debates - preferred alternatives being community education and community learning, informal education and social pedagogy.

Cultural Heritage of Pakistan
The land where the Islamic Republic of Pakistan is situated today had been a seat of world’s leading Civilizations from the time immemorial. There is plenty of evidence from the pre-historic and historic period to support this argument, e.g. fossil jaws of apes, circa 14 millions years old found from Pothohar. They belong to a species named “Sivapithecus Pakininsis”, said to be the ancestor of Man. A 2 million years old earliest stone hand axe. Now on display in Islamabad Museum, Islamabad.
The legacy of our predecessors at the time of our independence, on August 14, 1947, came to us as a treasure which may be called as Pakistan’s national heritage. So rich and diversified is this heritage that Pakistani nation can be proud of its glorious past, be Islamic, Post Islamic or pre-Islamic period as far back as pre-historic times. No other country of the world can produce the treasure of by gone days as can be found in Pakistan. It is now incumbent upon us to treasure our national heritage and save it from further deterioration and theft.
The establishment of NFCH is much appreciated and a great interest is shown by the general public hence since its establishment in 1994 hundreds of proposals was received from different agencies and individuals for the conservation, preservation and publication of the Pakistan’s national heritage. It is hoped that with the continued patronage of the government, the Philanthropists and the Business Community to the NFCH we shall be able to achieve the aforesaid goal.

Legal Framework Order, 2002
Chief Executive's Order No. 24 of 2002
WHEREAS general elections to the National Assembly and the Provincial Assemblies are scheduled to be held on October 10,2002, and to the Senate on November 12, 2002;
AND WHEREAS it is necessary to provide for a smooth and orderly transition;
NOW, THEREFORE, in pursuance of the Proclamation of Emergency of the fourteenth day of October, 1999, read with the Provisional Constitution Order No. 1 of 1999, and in pursuance of the powers vested in him by and under the judgment of the Supreme Court of Pakistan, dated the 12th May, 2000, and in exercise of all the powers enabling him in that behalf; to revive the Constitution with the amendments made herein, the Chief Executive of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan is pleased to make the following Order:-
1. Short title and commencement.
(1) This Order may be called the Legal Framework Order, 2002.

(2) It shall come into force at once.

Legal Framework Order (LFO): & Constitutional Crisis & Impacts

An order made by the Military Government of Pakistan which suspended the constitution and allowed General Pervez Musharaf to take power. The justices of the courts and all civil servants took oath to serve under Musharaf pursuant to the LFO. Any Supreme Court Justice who refused was summarily fired.
Under this order the remaining Justices of Supreme Court of Pakistan issued their novel Law of Necessity order giving full control of government to the military dictators.

Lawyers in Pakistan have given the government a Feb. 28 deadline for
renouncing the legal framework order and the enhancement of judges'
retirement age. Otherwise, they have threatened to launch countrywide protests.

In case members of the judiciary do not renounce a three-year extension of
their tenure by Feb. 28, the action committee said lawyers would observe
Black Day throughout Pakistan on March 8, 2003, the date when the chief
justice of Pakistan is scheduled to retire under the accepted version of
the 1973 Constitution.

On this day, black flags will be hoisted on buildings of the entire bar
associations, and lawyers will wear black badges and hold protest meetings
on their respective bar premises. The lawyers will also observe a token
one-hour strike by abstaining from appearing before the courts from 110
a.m. to 120 p.m. on March 8. Lawyers will also hold national lawyer
conventions in the provincial capitals and Islamabad against the LFO, which
also includes enhancement of the retirement age of judges of the superior
courts. An action committee of lawyers will send a letter to the chief
justice of Pakistan, who will be retiring on March 8, 2003, under the 1973
Constitution, requesting him to lay down his robes as the chief justice to
avert a constitutional crisis in the country.


An evaluation of decentralized governance and Pakistan’s current devolution plan.
BACKGROUND & RATIONALE
By late 1999, with increasing external pressures on Pakistan’s politics and economy, and growing internal political divisions, government policy making and service delivery was failing, and in October 1999 the political elected government was thrown as the Military took over power in Pakistan. In order to legitimize its stay, the Military Government immediately came up with a “seven point agenda” to address the so-called institutional crisis and to advance “national reconstruction”. The seven point agenda included the following: i) rebuilding national confidence & morale; ii) strengthening the federation while removing inter-provincial disharmony; iii) reviving and restoring investor confidence; iv) ensuring law and order and dispensing speedy justice; v) depoliticizing state institutions; vi) devolving power to the grass root level; vii) ensuring swift and across the board accountability.
Consequently, the National Reconstruction Bureau is undertaking a phased exercise with multiple aims of restructuring of political and service structures through devolution of power including empowerment of citizens, decentralization of administrative authority, decentralization of professional functions, and distribution of financial resources to the provincial and local governments with checks and balances against misuse of power and authority through the diffusion of power-authority masses.
The first phase was expected to devolve political, administrative, and fiscal powers from the provincial to district level. Under this phase, elections to the local bodies were planned. In the second phase, the program aimed at crystallization of civil services structures & systems for the district in all its dimensions and then the conceptualization of political structures in the context of provincial autonomy and consequent civil service structures at provincial levels. Under this phase, elections to the local bodies have been held under new law and local governments established on 14th August 2001. The third phase will involve devolution of functions from the federal to provincial level. All this was to be completed by October 2001, when, according to the decision of the Supreme Court of Pakistan, the power has to be shifted to elected representatives through an election.
With the holding of local body elections, as expected, major weaknesses and deficiencies surfaced in the overall setup including administration, political structures, and public policy in Pakistan. The system was immediately put to test with happenings in USA on 11 September 2001 and resultant action in Afghanistan, when many segments of the society came out to protest against government policies in Pakistan. The centuries old administrative systems were no longer there and there was a feeling of getting caught between two systems: one that was not wanted but could not be let go easily due to its deep roots and the other that is being craved for but has difficulties in establishment. Uncertainties in the chain of command, assigning of responsibilities led to a lot of confusion and loss to life and property.
More is expected for a variety of reasons. The plan is being implemented by a military government, which has to work under certain deadlines, without any mandate of the people. The whole exercise is being undertaken at a massive scale without clarity on transitional arrangements. There are unsettled issues in future legal cover and financial sustainability for the continuation of the program. The program is aiming to restructure centuries old systems, the changing of which involve changes in people’s perceptions and understanding. Power is being bestowed upon people, who have been traditionally marginalized and not associated with major political parties. The district administration and police administration has been proposed to be placed under the newly elected political structures. It is still not very clear how this phenomenon will bear on the future of politics, policy and economy of the country.
Broad Objectives
To study the present devolution plan with a view to identify shortcomings, political and administrative repercussions, and most importantly impact on the people of Pakistan.
To identify historical trends, if any, among former colonies in general and Pakistan in particular of similar programs brought in by military governments and their intentions and underpinnings.
Plan for Fulfillment
The project will address its objectives in the following manner:
Study the overall devolution program in terms of its content, implementation structures, processes, areas of concentration, and political undertones and repercussions.
Analyze the actual implementation after holding of local body elections, transitional period between transfer of power and accompanying process of fiscal decentralization to find its status, affect and suggest corrective policy measures.
Identify the political implications of the devolution of power in terms of future policy making in the context of similar exercises (Basic Democracy System in Pakistan) undertaken in the past.
Compare similar exercises in other countries and ex-colonies for finding their experiences in devolution of power in terms of cross cutting themes such as political developments, impact on policy making, their methods, and overall success in terms of actual dissipation of centralized power for drawing lessons, if any.
Draw up a set of policy guidelines in matters relating to devolution, decentralization, political empowerment, and public policy.
Research Methodology
The project will rely on theoretical background research, designing and implementation of field observations in Pakistan including interviews and dialogue with relevant people (political, administrative, stakeholders) for gaining first hand knowledge about the program implementation. The information and data will be analyzed, compared with international experiences and presented in the form of a policy paper highlighting policy issues involved in devolution in Pakistan and suggest, where required, recommendations and guidelines.
The Results of Project
Pakistan with population of over 130 million people, having strategic position in many ways is a unique case where such a massive exercise is being undertaken without people’s consent. This will have major repercussions for the country in a multitude of ways namely political, administrative, and economic both at micro and macro levels. The expected timeframe of this research project coincides with implementation and transfer of power under the new devolution plan in Pakistan Thus results of the project are anticipated to bring out important lessons in the area of devolution of power and fiscal decentralization. The findings of this project will target international community and think tanks to develop strategies and lessons for other countries following the path of devolution and political reform. It will also be useful for other countries and organizations devising strategies to deal with countries undergoing such massive restructuring in terms of policy and development.

FOREIGN POLICY OF PAKISTAN.
Pakistan's foreign policy has been marked by a complex balancing process--the result of its history, religious heritage, and geographic position. The primary objective of that policy has been to preserve Pakistan's territorial integrity and security, which have been in jeopardy since the state's inception.
A new era began with the partition of British India in 1947 and the formation of two independent, sovereign states--India and Pakistan. Both nations searched for their place in the world order and aspired to leadership roles beyond the subcontinent.
India and Pakistan became adversaries at independence and have so remained. The two countries fought each other shortly after partition, in 1965, and in 1971, causing the dismemberment of Pakistan and the creation of still another new sovereign entity--Bangladesh. India-Pakistan rivalry intensified rather than diminished after the Cold War, and the Kashmir territorial dispute remains dangerous and recurrent.
Pakistan sought security through outside alliances. The new nation painstakingly worked on building a relationship with the United States, in which the obligations of both sides were clearly defined. The Western-oriented, anticommunist treaties and alliances Pakistan joined became an important part of its foreign policy. Pakistan also saw itself as a vanguard of independent Muslim states.


Regards


Abdul Salam Khan

__________________________________________
May God Bless all of Us! Ameen.

Last edited by Shooting Star; Wednesday, June 06, 2012 at 08:19 PM.
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