dear that i know your this attempt isn't a good attempt, read question first and than attempt it. which you have written in your attempt it isn't a answer of question, it is just a explanation of question, you didn't mention any one factor properly which was responsible for declining of Muslim rule, here i am suggesting some factors those contributed a lot, are

THE CAUSES OF DICLINE OF MUSLIMS AND RISE OF BRITISH

1. Internal factors
• Wars of succession

The mughal had faild to develop the law of succession

• The incompetent successors of Aurangzeb

The successors of Aurangzeb were not comptenent enogh to administrate the vast mughal empire

• Internal intrigues

The mughal were angage, in fighting against the nobles accelerated the demise the once mighty mughal Empire

• Moral decadence of Muslim society

I H qureshi say’s that, the foremost cause of the loss of political power was a crisis in the mughal character itself

• Financial straits

The war of independence, rebillions and luxurious style of living lead the mughals towards financial crisis

• Demoralized and in efficient army

In the mughals army there was some ethinic groups which leads it to demoralized like afghan, Persian, and centeral Asian









• Absence of Navel power

The mighals have no navy, only maintain small ships

• Rise of independent dynasts vast mughal empire divided into several states like Deccan , Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa

• Rise of Marathas and Sikhs

The Marathas and Skis rise as rebellion
2. External factors

Incursion of nadir shah

• In 1738 the Persian king nadir shah attacked on Delhi and defeated mughal king Muhammad shah

• Attack by Ahmed Shah Abdali

Between 1748 and 1761 he launched five attacks

• Rise of British

British came into sub continent as a trader

[QUOTE=shakeel ghori;466766]Dear members HAPPY INDEPENDENCE DAY.


Here is my attempt:

Q:7. Analyze the factor responsible for the degeneration of the Muslim society in the sub-continent?

To many, the degeneration of Muslim society in sub-continent was mainly caused by the Muslims' degeneration in following Islam accordingly. Given the fact that Muslims came in India and established their rule over there on the basis of religion, this claim sounds reasonable that when they abandoned Islam their downfall began. But realistically, by a deep contemplation upon the issues which led Muslims into the sorry state of affairs, one will be convinced of the fact that religion alone did not contribute for deterioration of Muslim society; rather diverse factors were involved in the ruination of their hegemony and supremacy. By naming few out of those factors, one may be able to draw a clear picture of those historical events which resulted in the shift of power from the indigenous rulers to the foreign intruders. Political instability, social disintegration, internal rifts, conspiracies against each other, economic downfall, foreign intervention, moral and religious degradation, and lack of strategy and military organisation by government were the prominent causes behind the deplorable conditions of Muslim society in particular, and of Indians in general.

With the political instability rising in India, and subsequent collapse of Mughal empire, the apparent frustration and disintegration in Muslim social fabric were witnessed at the beginning of 18th century. Aurangzeb ascended the throne on July 21, 1658 and ruled supreme till 1707. Thus Aurangzeb ruled for 50 years, matching Akbar's reign in longevity. But unfortunately he kept his five sons away from the royal court with the result that none of them was trained in the art of government. Though he ruled longer than any of his predecessors, yet he could not stop the decline of the Mughal Empire, which hastened after his demise as none of his sons was trained to rule. Finally in 1858 India came directly under the control of British government. During the reign of Aurangzeb, the Muslim rule got immense power and prestige as his major focus was on attacking the adjoining areas of his Empire and to bring them under his control. Ultimately, he succeeded in capturing a large piece of land which he ruled efficiently during the period of his supreme authority. But sadly this quality was not present in those who succeeded him. The death of Alamgir in 1707 is generally regarded as the beginning of the gradual decline, and ultimately fall, of the once extensive, prosperous and powerful Mughal Empire.

With the collapse of Mughal Empire, Muslims lost their power.Those who succeeded him were mainly found busy in fighting for power and acquiring worldly pleasures. Evetually those who legitimately, or otherwise, became able to acquire control over Empire were incapable of holding its supremacy. They were indifferent from the grievances of their subjects and indulged themselves in the luxuries of world without having any awareness of political changes rapidly taking place under their rule. Corruption had become prevalent. Muslim power was gravely declining. The unawareness, rather ignorance, of the ruler from these political realities provided golden opportunity to the foreigners--and locals who were eagerly willing to retaliate Muslims for the alleged atrocities being committed against them in the rule of Aurangzeb or others--who were long seeking to oust Muslims of power. These changes in the political framework of sub-continent were among those bitter realities for which the Muslims who were once the supreme power of the sub-continent had become the most persecuted class in coming years.

Socially, since the advent of Islam till partition, sub-continent had never proved itself as a one unit. It has always been an abode of diverse social classes who are distinct from one another in terms of religion, ethnicity, race, and language. When the Mughal Empire lost its glory and there was no authority to put a check on hostile communities, an unprecedented turmoil started. Those who were breeding and fostering the seeds of hatred in their hearts against each other became unbridled in their activities. The different sects and classes sought to establish their hegemony in their respective majority areas which further aggravated the already deteriorated situation. In Punjab and Khaber pakhtunkhaw the singh had got hold and they used to persecute Muslim community. The Marathas were rising as a power which was an apparent threat for Muslim soceity. They inflicted much injury to the Muslim nation. In other areas as well where Muslims were in minority, their conditions were pitiable. Massacre, violation of rights, and derogation of religion were the order of the day. These were the problems which Muslims had to face. Few Muslim religious scholars had initiated their movements to reform the fate of Muslim community. Jihad was fought to curb the hostile elements which were hurling a threat to Muslim society. But these all efforts were of no avial as the central power to support these movements had vanished. These internal rifts and bitter political realities badly damgaged the social structure and paved a way for the new disgusting era in which all and sundry had to live under the unacceptable and unpleasant sway of a foreign race.

Indeed, in all these circumstances the one who got immense benefits were Britishs. It would not be wrong to say that they were at the forefront to weaken Muslim rule in the sub-continent. Britishs came in sub-continent for the purpose of trade. During Muslim rule they worked as East India company and earned abundant wealth. They deeply took notice of the political situation of India and devised an ignoble plan to get hold over this area. They were aware of the fact that unless the Muslim rule was terminated they would not be able to fulfill their nefarious desires. They began to weaken the basis of Mughal Empire through corrupt and deceptive means. It was their favorite hobby to create conflict between the rulers of different princely states. They helped one party and received heavy money from it. For example, they created a conflict between 'Mir Jaffer' and 'Siraju-ud-dula' in which they helped the former and received about 1.2 million pound from him. Afterwards, they defeated 'mir Jaffer' with the help of 'Mir Qasim' and again received a fair amount from victor. This practice were adding to their wealth and at the same time deteriorating the political stregnth of rulers. These practices were proved detrimental for Muslims.

Economic situation of Muslims had become deplorable. The practices of ruler such as their indulgence in worldly luxuries and spending immense money on conflicts against each other damaged the economic conditions of Muslim. The East India company by now had been able to establish its illegal regime in sub-continent. previous rulers were the rulers of name. They did have no more power to do anything to stop the giant exploitation by Britishs except regret. The ravenous people did their best to grab as much wealth as they could. They exploited poor people to utmost level. Much high taxes were imposed upon the peasants. Those who were in power had full authority to confiscate the lands and snatch any property. The industries were destroyed so that more goods could have been imported from England to sell them at higher prices. The army-- which was first pretendedly called from England to protect East India company but later on used to overpower sub-continent -- was made to feed over the public wealth. Economic disturbances created problems for Muslims in particular, and for others in general. These conditions had created anguish in the society. Those who once had the supreme power over this land were now the mere silent spectators.

Due to these above-mentioned facts Muslims in sub-continent lost their 800 years long rule. In addition, the general ignorance from Islamic principles and moral degradation were also the root causes behind all these problems, which ultimaely culiminated in the degeneration of Muslim society. One of the most potent causes of the fall of the Mughal Empire is said to be the deterioration and demoralization of the army. The military had not only become inefficient but also lacked in training, discipline and cohesion. The army was out-dated in regard to equipment. As the weakening of religious bond occur, so were the case with moral, hence they did not have courage to fight with the foreign forces. Eventually, British government had been able to establish its control over here. Muslims were being treated with great persecution. A last struggle by Muslims to regain their lost glory was made in 1857 which, unfortunately, could not succeed. It was a religiously motivated enthusiasm rather than strategical managed war. The defeat in this war had opened for Muslims a door of unending troubles and torments. Britishers, and others who wanted to settle their accounts with Muslims in claim of a long animosity, bent upon exterminating the Muslim society. In spite of these sufferings, the great leaders of Muslims come forward to help them out of the despondency. after a long struggle the Muslims had been able to throw the yoke of slavery when they achieved a triumph in the form of Pakistan...

Dear members, specially those who are active in this practice of solving and commenting Pak affairs questions, please check my attempt. Do make criticism, point out my mistakes, and give me the marks.
]Shakeel please don't mind, here you deserve5/20

you have to burn mid night oil, with confidence, and courage. best of luck waitng for your next attempt

__________________
LOVE all, TRUST a few, do WRONG to none......

@Dear pearlyS
Thanx for checking my attempt, but you did not give me marks...

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Sara, fassi, and hashmat where are you friends and why are you not evaluating my attempt?? I am waiting for your useful comments..
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Dear Shahreena please do check my attempt..

Regards..

dear i did it , you can check you mistakes above i posted....

__________________
LOVE all, TRUST a few, do WRONG to none......

@PEARLYS

good attempt and your mistakes are already pointed out by SHAHREENA but you may have glimpse on my analysis on Shakeel Ghori's attempts. I give you 13/20.


Be precise and try to cover the most important facts and points i.e in Social causes you've not mentioned the "Backwardness in Education" and they were reluctant to accept English and western culture while Hindus accepted it that their religion will be feared.

Politically, there were many factors that you've not mentioned
1. Weak Central Government
2. Foreign intruders i.e Nadir Shah and Ahmed Shah Abdali
3. Disloyalty to Nation (Meer Jafar of Bengal & Meer Sadiq of Deccan)
4. The Maratha Factor

Religiously, some factors may be listed as
• Akbar’s Policy of Din-e-Ilahi: Hindu-Muslim amalgamation by Akbar's din-e-Ilahi (spiritually worst effect)
• Luxurious Life And Character Loss of Nobility i.e Muhammad Shah Rangila etc.
• Innovations (Biddats) and Believe in Superstitions
• Loss of the Spirit of Jehad
• Sectarian Differences and Lack of Unity

Even I can't judge in the end either you have concluded the topic or not. Keep in mind the above said points and sorry for late reply actually I'm a little bit busy since few days. I'll join you people Inshallah in next attempt. I give you 7/20

__________________
Apni Matti Pay Hi Chalnay Ka Saleeqa Seekho
Sang-e-Marmar Py Chalo Gy To Phisal Jao Gy

Q:7. Analyze the factor responsible for the degeneration of the Muslim society in the sub-continent?


Ans: From the beginning of the eighth century the Muslims had been ruling till the downfall of the Mughal empire in the sub-continent in 1707 AD. The era of the Muhammad bin Qasim has an outstanding importance, because he was the first person who had introduced the Islamic teachings in the sub-continent. Therefore, a lot of non-Muslims came under the fold of Islam. Many people embraced it with their own will owing to the qualitative Deen. Afterwards, 17 expeditions were done by Mahmud ghaznavi but he did not rule except the certain areas. Rather, Mahmud Ghori was the first person, who wanted to consolidate his rule over the sub-continent but died after having got a large territory, later on his brave commander named Qudubudin Aibak ruled and laid down the first stone of the foundation of the Muslim society in the sub-continent exclusively. Since then,five dynasties i.e Slave, Sayed, Khilji and Lodhies came to contact with the sub-continent and ruled nearly in all over the India. After that, Babar came into Sindh from Afghanistan and fought with the Lodhies in the third battle Panipat and laid down the first stone of the Mughal Empire in 1526 AD. The Mughal Empire ruled over India with the pelf and prestige exclusively till 1857. But, the downfall of Mughal empire vanished after the departure of the Aurangzeb Alamgir in 1707 AD.

However, there are many factors were responsible for the degeneration of the Mughal society in the sub-continent. But, among them the most important factors are given bellow.

1. After the departure of the Aurangizeb Alamgir in 1707 AD, the degeneration of the Muslim society had been started. As a matter of fact, Aurangzaib’s successors were not enough capable to look after such a vast empire which their father left in their hands. Unfortunately, his successors did not coordinate among themselves and fought in the name of war of succession. In this connection they made a law to kill or to be killed for the occupation of their throne. Therefore, it was the essential gesture of the degeneration of the Muslim society in the sub-continent.

2. As a matter of fact, whenever a central Government gets weaker. Then her institutions have automatically to be affected owing to the weakness of the central authority. An instance can be taken from our the present circumstances, that our present democracy has nearly been clashed with the institutions i.e. Supreme Court, Army and Media. Same as the case was to Muslim degeneration since the departure of the Aurangzeb. But there was monarchism during that era. Owing to the negligence of the state of affairs by the inefficient successors of the Aurangzeb, external and internal threats had been activated on an apex exclusively. The Marhathas of Deccan, Sikhs of the Punjab, Jats of Agra and Delhi exploited the situation and made their own independence states.

3. On the one hand, the Muslim society was being degenerated by the external and internal black sheep and on the other hand, the insufficient successors had become too lazy to take part in the affairs of the states. Instead they were having luxury life style and having dance activities with wine and other immoral stuff. Moreover, they made court a sort of disco where they were usually participating rather than governing the state effectively.

4. Owing to these sort of immoral practices and activities, the people began use to dance and preferred it a profession rather than doing Jeghad. As a result, the soldiers lost the spirit of Jehad and doing similarly what their rulers were doing at all. Moreover, the Akbar’s anti-Islamic policy of Din e Illahi was influenced by the people exclusively. On the other hand, the anti-Islamic actors were offering their women before the inefficient successor and getting superior posts of the empire. Consequently, the masses (army) lost the spirit of Jehad and had been disloyal to the empire.

5. In these circumstances, The province of Gujrat, Deccan , Bengal and Oudha had become independent. On the other hand, the financial condition of the empire going to bad to worst. In fact, In the last days of Mughal Empire, the rulers had become pensioners of the Britishers.

6. Besides, the rulers usually fought among themselves for getting pensions. On the other hand, the Education system, which had been started by the farmer rulers, was changed by the British Administration. The British Education was started rather than other of the regional spheres. As a result, the Muslim people did not get education. Whereas, The Hidus got education and were getting superior posts.

7. Therefore, the east India company got consolidation over the sub-continent, during the last days of the Mughal empire the ruler had been nearly beggars and were depending upon the East India Company. Moreover, with the annexation of Deccan, the empire had become so vast. So, the Mughal rulers were not at able to look after such a vast territory. However, The East Indai company who came as traders took full advantages from the miserable circumstances of the Muslim society in order to consolidate their power upon the rulers and territory. Besides, the Company, after joint hands with Meer Jaffar the Britishers had become master of Bengal.

8. Similarly, they also joint hands with Meer Sadiq in order to destroy the lion Tipu Sultan. Therefore, the Tipu Sultan fought bravely but was killed by the company owing to the propaganda, which was made by the Company in form of a spy. Thus, with the advance military system and conspiracies they succeeded in their imperialist desire and consequently after the failure of the war of independence in 1857, they broth the whole sub-contingent under their imperialists rule exclusively.


Dear members which are taking part in this vital exercise actively, are requested to criticize my attempt as much as you can, it would be highly appreciated. Besides, Shahreeena, Peasly, Alikhoso, Shakeel and Fassi are needed for guide me in order to prevent my mistakes and mark my attempt.

Thanks.....


Sara.........

@Fassi
i think this wasn't major cause of declining of Muslim rule, read some major cause above i posted in reply to Shakeel's attempt...

__________________
LOVE all, TRUST a few, do WRONG to none......

I have concluded it.. You have really pointed out my mistakes. Actually, the lack of facts and figures were due to the lack of extensive study of the topic. I wrote this topic mainly on the basis of my previous studies. Thanx for make me aware of my flaws. It is very beneficial for me. I will keep these all things in mind while attempting a question next time. Kindly, keep up guiding me... By the way you did not give my marks. Was my attempt that much below average???

where are pearly, shahreena, hashmat and fassi..............Kindly post your precious comments......


Thanks...........

Shakeel first of all am really sorry to late reply as we were busy on the 14th August. Went for a tour. Nevertheless, I have read your attempt as it was attempted by you while you were not prepared well. Kindly attempt your question after reading your topic. But overall your attempt is well answered with good presentation. You have not mentioned the main points what have been pointed out by the active members. Besides, try to precise your answer and hit the question accordingly what is asked. You were beating about the bosh in this question.

I will give you 6/20

I wish you best of luck for your next attempt...........


Thanks.........

Well, thanks for your precious comments. I don't think that my attempt is that much lacking in facts and figures. I have tried to make my expression as much precise and straightforward as possible, that is why it seems that event are not described accordingly. Anyway, for the next time I will try to make my attempt still more, to the point..