[QUOTE=Fassi;464111][B][SIZE="5"][COLOR="Blue"][CENTER]Ideology of Pakistan[/CENTER][/COLOR][/SIZE][/B]


[SIZE="3"][COLOR="DarkRed"][B]Introduction[/B][/COLOR][/SIZE]

The ideology of Pakistan took shape through an evolutionary process. Hazrat Mujadid Alif Sani introduced Hindus and Muslim two nation challenging Akbar’s Din-e-Ilahi and Bhakti movement. After that, historical experience provided the base; with Sir Syed Ahmad Khan began the period of Muslim self-awakening; Allama Iqbal provided the philosophical explanation; Quaid-i-Azam translated it into a political reality; and the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan, by passing Objectives Resolution in March 1949, gave it legal sanction. It was due to the realization of Muslims of South Asia that they are different from the Hindus that they demanded separate electorates. When they realized that their future in a ‘Democratic India’ dominated by Hindu majority was not safe; they put forward their demand for a separate state.


[B][COLOR="DarkRed"][SIZE="3"]Quaid-e-Azam and Two Nation Theory[/SIZE][/COLOR][/B]

Quaid-e-Azam was a firm advocate of Two Nation Theory which became the ideological basis Pakistan. He considered the Muslims as a separate nation. He said

[COLOR="Purple"][B][CENTER]Pakistan was created the day the first Indian national entered the field of Islam. [/CENTER][/B][/COLOR]

He defined the two nation theory as

[CENTER][B][COLOR="Purple"]The Muslims are a nation by every right to establish their separate homeland. They can adopt any means to promote and protect their economic social, political and cultural interests. [/COLOR][/B][/CENTER]

In his address on 23rd March, 1940 - Pakistan Resolution and the historic session of the Muslim League at Lahore , he said

[B][COLOR="Purple"][CENTER]The Musalmans are not a minority. They are a nation by any definition. By all canons of International law we are a nation.[/CENTER][/COLOR][/B]

In his presidential address at the annual session of Muslim League at Lahore in 1940, he said

[B][CENTER][COLOR="Purple"]India is not a nation, nor a country. It is a Sub-Continent of Nationalities, Hindus and Muslims being the two major nations. The Hindus and Muslims belongs to two different religions, philosophies, social customs and literature. They neither intermarry nor interline and they belong to two different civilization which are based mainly on conflicting ideas and conceptions. Their aspects on life and of are different. It is quite clear that Hindus and Muslims derive their inspiration from different sources of history. [/COLOR][/CENTER][/B]

While addressing the students of Muslim University on March 08, 1944, he said

[B][COLOR="Purple"][CENTER]Hindus and Muslims through living in the same town and villages, had never been blended into one nation. They were always two separate entities. [/CENTER][/COLOR][/B]



[COLOR="DarkRed"][SIZE="3"][B]Ideology of Pakistan in the light of Statements of Allama Iqbal[/B][/SIZE][/COLOR]

Allama Iqbal, the poet, philosopher and a great thinker with the help of his poetry tried to awaken the Muslims of the sub-continent. He believed in the separate identity of Muslims as a nation.
In 1930, Allama Iqbal presented his mature political opinion on the political fate of Indian Muslims in his presidential address at Allahabad at the annual session of Muslim League. He said

[COLOR="Purple"][B][CENTER]I am fully convinced that the Muslims of India will ultimately have to establish a separate homeland as they could not live with the Hindus in the United States. [/CENTER][/B][/COLOR]

He as of the view that with religious differences Hind-Muslim unity is impossible, as he depicted this view in his poetry saying

[CENTER][B][COLOR="DarkGreen"][I]“Qaum Hy Mazhab Se Mazhab Jo Nahi Tum Bhi Nahi
Jazb-e-Baham Jo Nahi, Mehfil-e-Anjum Bhi Nahi!!!!”[/I][/COLOR][/B][/CENTER]

He also said

[CENTER][COLOR="Purple"][B]India is a continent of human beings belonging to different races, speaking different languages and professing different religions....., I, therefore demand the formation of a consolidated Muslim state in the best interest of India and Islam.[/B][/COLOR][/CENTER]

He has followed this statement and explored the relation of Deen and Politics in these words in his poetry

[CENTER][I][COLOR="DarkGreen"][B]“Jalal-e-Padshahi Ho Keh Jamhoori Tamasha Ho
Juda Ho Deen Siyassat Se To Reh Jati Hy Changezi”[/B][/COLOR][/I][/CENTER]

He stressed on the formation of a separate State by saying

[B][COLOR="Purple"][CENTER]I would like to see the Punjab, North West Frontier Province, Sindh and Balochistan amalgamated into a single State self-government within the British Empire or without the British Empire, the formation of a consolidated North-West India Muslim state appears to me to be the final destiny of the Muslims at least of North West India.[/CENTER][/COLOR][/B]


[B][LEFT][COLOR="DarkRed"][SIZE="3"]Conclusion[/SIZE][/COLOR][/LEFT][/B]

Some Indian historians has criticized the Two Nation Theory as depicted by Allama Iqbal, Quaid-e-Azam and other Muslim reformers and leaders but its still alive.

Had there been no Two Nation Theory today, the issues like Kargil, nuclear arms race, and tension on the borders would have never risen. The basic conflict between India and Pakistani nation is still the same. Indians believe in nationality based on territory and therefore want to merge Pakistan back into India. While Pakistanis have been fighting for the last 52 years, to safeguard the Land which they got in the name of Islam. The Kashmir issue, if alive even after 52 years, in spite of India utmost effort to crush the lovers of freedom, is crystal clear proof of the reality of the Two Nation Theory.

It should be understood that the creation of Pakistan was not the result of an accident but it had a meaning. The meaning of Pakistan wasto have a separate homeland for the Muslims of Indo-Pakistan to have a better living according to Quran and Sunnah as in 1946, Quaid-e-Azam declared it also

[CENTER][B][COLOR="Purple"]'We do not demand Pakistan simply to have a piece of land but we want a laboratory where we could experiment on Islamic principles.[/COLOR][/B]
(Address on 18th June 1945) [/CENTER][/QUOTE]
[COLOR="DarkGreen"][B]dear fessi outstanding work, but here i want to suggest with my limited knowledge. that i know your introduction isn't like 20 marks question, you started from hazrat mjadid ali sani. the concept of two nation theory is quite clear we all know about it. thus you must start from starting point of this two nation theory, an eye bird view of history is very necessary for these type of questions. starting of answer must be impressible, because in this portion checker always want to check your presentation style.... first impression is last impression. [B][COLOR="Purple"]15/20[/COLOR][/B]. your over all attempt is good. keep it up..... [/B][/COLOR]

[QUOTE=alihashmatkhoso;464819][B][COLOR="DarkGreen"]dear brother your first sentence isn't effective one, as a very beautiful sentence of Quaid-e- azam that Pakistan came into being when first Indian embraced Islam" and two nation theory came into being, and in the region of 2nd pious caliph Hazrat umar (ra) first man of sub-continent came into fold of Islam. and Muslim came in sub-continent in region of ummyad caliph Abul Mlik so its wrong concept. because it is very first sentence of your answer thats why, creating bade image of your sentence.... over all good attempt and according to me you deserve [COLOR="Purple"]12/20[/COLOR] keep it up you have ability, confident and knowledge Inshall you will hit your target best of luck.....
[/COLOR][/B][/QUOTE]
Thanx a lot for identifying my mistakes, I shall try not to commit them in next attempt.

Regards

[B][COLOR="Indigo"][B]Q3. Shah Waliullah realized "The renaissance of Islam and Muslim Society can not be affected until the intellectual life of the Muslims is re-oriented." Discuss Critically. (20 Marks)[/B][/COLOR][/B]


[B]Ans:[/B]
[B]Introduction[/B]
According to the S.M Ikram 'In the 18th centuary, Islam in the subcontinent was faced with such menacing problems as sectarian conflict, low moral values of society, poor understanding of the Holy Quran and general ignorance of Islam, that there were valid reasons for fearing for fearing that political disintegration would be accompanied by religious collapse. That did not happen was due to more than any thing else but the services of one man'.

During the 18th century and after the departure of Aurangzeb the condition of the Sub-Continent was very bad owing to the insufficient successor of the Aurangzeb. On the other hand, the sectarian problems were on apex. People use to do un-Islamic practices owing to the worst influential of circumstances. People were having no respect to the rulers. Moreover, they did not pay attention to the Quran and Hadith and involving in the immoral activities. Besides, the political conditions of India had become very worst. Because, the inefficient successor of the Aurangzeb, did not pay attention to the affairs of the state. The external forces were threatening to the Sub-Continent and the internal condition of the society became demoralized in such scenario. That's why in those circumstances it was extremely necessary for the renaissance of Islam and society in order to overcome the un-Islamic culture and was ample need to change the intellectual thinking of the people.

However, Shah Waliullah was a great thinker, intellectual and analyst who realized that the renaissance of Islam and Muslim society could not be affected until the intellectual life of the Muslim was re-oriented. So, after having bird eye view in the worst circumstances, he worked for the glorification of Islam and Muslim society and he got the Muslims on the fold of Islam in order to get them on the right path of Deen e Islam.
[B]
His Revival Efforts to re-Orient the Intellectuality of the Muslims [/B]
Shah Waliullah was well educated, mystic, saint, analyst and an eminent leader. He got his early education from his father in the diverse disciplines, related in Islamic sphere. After the death of his father, he served himself to the Rahimya Madarsah which had been founded by his father. Moreover, He went to Makkah and Arabia where he got further education in Fiqh, Hadith and Mysticism. After having done his education. He went further with the revival for the Islamic soceity and wanted to change the people’s thinking from the un-Islamic activities. As he had been looking to the circumstances of the affairs of the states and he was having keen interest to spend his life in order to take out the Muslims from the un-Islamic practices. So, in this cause he worked for the cause of Islam and Muslim society and changed the trend of un-Islamic principles from the people of India.

Religiously, Shahw Waliullah worked in diverse sphere. He was the person who translated the Quran into Persian language. During his time the majority of the people were illiterate and they could not get the right path of Islam. So, in this cause, Shah Waliullah did these sort of outstanding works in order to attract the Muslims to the right path. Moreover, After broadly research on the four schools of thought, he wrote a number of books in order to overcome the misunderstanding and misconception between Shiah and Sunni conflict, which had been a dangerous problem between them. Besides, he urged the Muslim people to go for Jihad and he not only guided the people verbally but also wrote a number of his prominent books for getting them prepared in Islamic teachings. He trained his students in different Islamic knowledge as well in order to change the ideology of people from the bad deeds to good deeds.

Socially, He openly opposed the Immoral activities and taught the Muslims in diverse sphere such as ethical, moral, decent activities and he also taught them that how to spend their lives in a society in order to be a good citizen exclusively. However, He urged the people including the emperors to spend their lives simply instead of luxurious lives. He changed the outlook of the people to a right way. Besides, He urged the rulers that they would not have to be close too much with the Marhathas and Sikhs. Because during that time, the inefficient successor of the Aurnagzeb use to live in luxuries life and were getting marriages with women of the Marhathas and alloting them the pieces of lands. So, that's why Marhathas had been powerful and it was a gesture of threatening to the throne of Mughal Empire.

Politically, He gave the crystal clear idea about the ruler ship to the Mughal Rulers from the Quran and Hadith. Because, after the departure of the Aurangzeb his incapable successors did not have an intellectual knowledge to deal the affairs of the state. On the other hand, usually a war fought among them in the name of succession. Because, From the Akbar era till the Aurangzeb there were no rule of succession. Thus, whenever a new rural was have to come to the power of throne they did not make a rule of succession. Moreover, even they did not give importance to the army and warfare activities. On the other side, the external threat had been powerful in order to crush the Mughal Rule. Therefore, after the immense threat of Marhathas, Shah Waliullah gestured and immediately sent invitation to Ahmad Shah Abdali for the assistance in order to tackle the Marhathas and other external threats. As a result, with the invitation of Shah waliulluah Ahmed Shah Abdali came and third battle was fought between Marhathas and Ahmed Shah Abdali. The Marhatahs were crushed by the Ahmad Shah Abdali. Besides, Shah Waliullah gave the crystal clear notion from the Hadith about the production of wealth, consumption of wealth and distribution of the wealth. His amazing contribution to change the intellectuality of the people had been successful and the people became aware about right and wrong things. Moreover, His literary work get the people influenced exclusively.

[B]Conclusion[/B]
Thus, Shah Waliullah worked for the revival of the Muslim society and changed the intellectual life of the Muslims. His outstanding efforts got the Muslims in fold of Islam and he had nearly been successful to see the Islamic society with his great efforts. He nearly changed the outlook of the society. Though he had crystal clear notion that the concerned society can not be affected until to change the intellectual life of the Muslims. Therefore, He did amazingly and undoubtedly change the intellectuality of the people of India. However, after his death in 1762, his mission was not stopped but carried on by his son Shah Abdul Aziz, who was also a great thinker and intellectual like his father he not only carried on his mission but produced a number of his disciples who worked for the renaissance of Islam and Muslim society for the coming years exclusively.

[COLOR="DimGray"][B][I]Forum Members are need to check my attempt and you may criticize as much as you can and it will be highly appreciated....


Fassi & Shakeel Please attempt this question. However, I am going to post the next question...


Thanks

Regards..[/I][/B][/COLOR]

Well done guys , you all are doing excellent work .This will enable the upcoming candidates like me to have the knowledge of how can a question be answered .Your tricks and method of answering a question is sublime. Carry on guys god bliss you all.

Shah Waliullah realized "The renaissance of Islam and Muslim Society can not be affected until the intellectual life of the Muslims is re-oriented." Discuss Critically



Instance of the deplorable state of affairs wherein Muslims had fallen at the beginning of 18th century is not found throughout the Muslim rule in India. Islam was in jeopardy and Muslims were suffering from social, political and religious deterioration which had badly threatened their existence as a nation. Until the Muslims possessed political power, any need to organize and unite them was not considered necessary. All the religious scholars, mystics and ulemas focused only on purging the beliefs of Muslims, because they afraid that other cultures could get merged in Islamic tenets as the sub-continent was an abode of diverse nations. Hence, their primary focus was on propagating the true Islam. But when Mughal rule began to lose its supremacy, other political powers raised their heads and it caused damage to the Muslims' social structure. Consequently, new comprehensive movements based on political, social, religious, moral and economic revival of Muslims had to emerge.

The first personality who determined the causes for which Muslims had reached at the verge of destruction was Shah Waliullah. The frustration and degradation in Muslim society was extremely high. Political downfall of Muslims were visible and their social condition were miserable. Shah Waliullah undertook the arduous responsibility of reforming the society. He deeply examined the social and political milieu and reached at the conclusion that suffering of Muslims was only because of their ignorance in the true Islamic teachings. Besides this, the Mughal rulers began to indulge themselves into the luxuries of world. Their indifference to the state affairs further aggravated the situation. Shah Waliullah was taking notice of all changes occurring in society. He had great knowledge in Islam. Shah waliullah was a great thinker and philosopher. He had all capabilities of leading the Muslims in their darkest hours. He urged Muslims to follow the real teachings of Islam and emphasized that the new rules to govern a state are needed to implement which could be framed through Ijtehad.

He was a man of sensitive nature who had a capacity to understand the needs of his era. He realized that the Muslims should be awakened and Islam be presented in rational way. Despite of traditional ulemas opposition he translated Holy Quran in farsi so that teachings of Quran could be made still easier to understand. He mediated the disputes between different sects of society which were creating turmoil in already disturb situation. The cardinal point of all his teachings were that the unjust system should be stamped out and the foundation of society should be erected on such basis as justice, brotherhood, tolerance, parity, religiosity, morality and efficient state governing system.

Before him no other politician, thinker, or philosopher had made so meticulous efforts in understanding the basic causes of different illnesses of society. He carefully examined the problems and produced pragmatic and scientific solutions in the light of Islamic teachings. He made a great service for the cause of Islam by writing many books and preparing many students which shaped its efforts of imparting intellectual knowledge to the Muslims in practical form. In the result of his efforts, Muslim began to revert towards stability, but unfortunately many other disruptive forces were also at work to weaken the social position of Muslims. With the degeneration in Mughal empire the inevitable force to bind the Muslims together was gravely lacking. Marathas and other powers were gaining control over Muslims. Due to these reasons Shah waliullah said that the role of a government in development and prosperity of a nation is imperative.

Shah waliullah came forward to tackle the situation. He has rightly pointed out that if the political power of Marathas was not checked effectively, Muslims would disappear forever. He wrote letters to the leading Muslim nobles and leaders and made them aware of the critical situation. He, eventually, became able to win over Ahmed Shah Abdali who came in sub continent and defeated the Marathas.

During his whole life he struggled to infuse a new spirit in the Muslim society. He was a practical man. He was a bright-minded and moderate person who studied Islam keenly and directed Muslims to settle their disputes. His efforts had had deep effects in inculcating the Muslims with intellectual wealth. He erected the edifice of his teachings on the foundations of rational knowledge about Islam. The time when he started his efforts for guiding Muslims was delicate and needed a dedicated leadership. Shah waliullah used his all capabilities to reform the social, religious, political, moral, and economic conditions of Muslims of India. Putting it in nut shell, he stood up to fight with the evil forces of society and the method he adapted for doing so was outstanding: To prepare Muslims to evaluate the hostile social environment--for dealing with it--by stirring their conscience. Allama Iqbal a great thinker and philosopher said about Shah waliullah: "He was the first Muslim who felt a new spirit in him for reforming Muslims fate."

Dear members please assess it and give me the marks.

[B][COLOR="purple"]according to question it is outstanding attempt well done. here is outline which will prove very helpful for you to attempt question about SHAH WALIULLAH...[/COLOR][/B]

[B]INTRODUCTION

• Biographical sketch
• Efforts of preserving Muslim rule in India
• Translation of Holy Quran
• Conciliation between Muslims
• Shah Waliullah and Ijtihad
• Equitable Distribution of wealth
• Adoption of Islamic practices
• Moral reform of Muslim community
• All embracing nature of Islam
• Literary works of Shah Waliullah
a- Hujjatullah al Baligha
b- Izalat Khifa
c- Insaf fi Bayan Sahib al Ikhtlaf
• Letter by Shah Waliullah

Impacts of Shah Waliullah Teachings
[/B] [B][COLOR="Olive"]best of luck[/COLOR][/B]

[QUOTE]Before him no other politician, thinker, or philosopher had made so meticulous efforts in understanding the basic causes of different illnesses of society[/QUOTE]
[B][COLOR="Purple"]that i know sheikh ahmed sirhandi came before him[/COLOR][/B]:dd
[B][COLOR="Blue"]try to avoid such type of statements will prove disastrous for you, by the over all attempt is very good and deserve reasonable marks keep it up.. best of luck brother :clap[/COLOR][/B]

[QUOTE=shakeel ghori;464951]Shah Waliullah realized "The renaissance of Islam and Muslim Society can not be affected until the intellectual life of the Muslims is re-oriented." Discuss Critically



Instance of the deplorable state of affairs wherein Muslims had fallen at the beginning of 18th century is not found throughout the Muslim rule in India. Islam was in jeopardy and Muslims were suffering from social, political and religious deterioration which had badly threatened their existence as a nation. Until the Muslims possessed political power, any need to organize and unite them was not considered necessary. All the religious scholars, mystics and ulemas focused only on purging the beliefs of Muslims, because they afraid that other cultures could get merged in Islamic tenets as the sub-continent was an abode of diverse nations. Hence, their primary focus was on propagating the true Islam. But when Mughal rule began to lose its supremacy, other political powers raised their heads and it caused damage to the Muslims' social structure. Consequently, new comprehensive movements based on political, social, religious, moral and economic revival of Muslims had to emerge.

The first personality who determined the causes for which Muslims had reached at the verge of destruction was Shah Waliullah. The frustration and degradation in Muslim society was extremely high. Political downfall of Muslims were visible and their social condition were miserable. Shah Waliullah undertook the arduous responsibility of reforming the society. He deeply examined the social and political milieu and reached at the conclusion that suffering of Muslims was only because of their ignorance in the true Islamic teachings. Besides this, the Mughal rulers began to indulge themselves into the luxuries of world. Their indifference to the state affairs further aggravated the situation. Shah Waliullah was taking notice of all changes occurring in society. He had great knowledge in Islam. Shah waliullah was a great thinker and philosopher. He had all capabilities of leading the Muslims in their darkest hours. He urged Muslims to follow the real teachings of Islam and emphasized that the new rules to govern a state are needed to implement which could be framed through Ijtehad.

He was a man of sensitive nature who had a capacity to understand the needs of his era. He realized that the Muslims should be awakened and Islam be presented in rational way. Despite of traditional ulemas opposition he translated Holy Quran in farsi so that teachings of Quran could be made still easier to understand. He mediated the disputes between different sects of society which were creating turmoil in already disturb situation. The cardinal point of all his teachings were that the unjust system should be stamped out and the foundation of society should be erected on such basis as justice, brotherhood, tolerance, parity, religiosity, morality and efficient state governing system.

Before him no other politician, thinker, or philosopher had made so meticulous efforts in understanding the basic causes of different illnesses of society. He carefully examined the problems and produced pragmatic and scientific solutions in the light of Islamic teachings. He made a great service for the cause of Islam by writing many books and preparing many students which shaped its efforts of imparting intellectual knowledge to the Muslims in practical form. In the result of his efforts, Muslim began to revert towards stability, but unfortunately many other disruptive forces were also at work to weaken the social position of Muslims. With the degeneration in Mughal empire the inevitable force to bind the Muslims together was gravely lacking. Marathas and other powers were gaining control over Muslims. Due to these reasons Shah waliullah said that the role of a government in development and prosperity of a nation is imperative.

Shah waliullah came forward to tackle the situation. He has rightly pointed out that if the political power of Marathas was not checked effectively, Muslims would disappear forever. He wrote letters to the leading Muslim nobles and leaders and made them aware of the critical situation. He, eventually, became able to win over Ahmed Shah Abdali who came in sub continent and defeated the Marathas.

During his whole life he struggled to infuse a new spirit in the Muslim society. He was a practical man. He was a bright-minded and moderate person who studied Islam keenly and directed Muslims to settle their disputes. His efforts had had deep effects in inculcating the Muslims with intellectual wealth. He erected the edifice of his teachings on the foundations of rational knowledge about Islam. The time when he started his efforts for guiding Muslims was delicate and needed a dedicated leadership. Shah waliullah used his all capabilities to reform the social, religious, political, moral, and economic conditions of Muslims of India. Putting it in nut shell, he stood up to fight with the evil forces of society and the method he adapted for doing so was outstanding: To prepare Muslims to evaluate the hostile social environment--for dealing with it--by stirring their conscience. Allama Iqbal a great thinker and philosopher said about Shah waliullah: "He was the first Muslim who felt a new spirit in him for reforming Muslims fate."

Dear members please assess it and give me the marks.[/QUOTE]

[B][I][COLOR="DimGray"]You have attempted your question wonderfully. Yes there are some little lack of facts and figures, no doubt you have mentioned the events very well but not explored broadly. But in the context of the question as it is based on the discussion. In that perspective you have done well. Even I myself started my attempting from intro to conclusion and could not mention some other important facts and figures like the glorification of Islam and also did not check even its spelling or tenses owing to load shedding problem and just posted it. However, your expressions are really nice and you have discussed to the point that what is asked. Well done....


you deserve [COLOR="Black"]14[/COLOR]/20


I wish you best of luck for your next attempt....

Thanks.....

Regards[/COLOR][/I][/B]

[QUOTE=alihashmatkhoso;464958][B][COLOR="Purple"]that i know sheikh ahmed sirhandi came before him[/COLOR][/B]:dd
[B][COLOR="Blue"]try to avoid such type of statements will prove disastrous for you, by the over all attempt is very good and deserve reasonable marks keep it up.. best of luck brother :clap[/COLOR][/B][/QUOTE]


[B][I][COLOR="DimGray"]Thats great..... this is the best thing that we are being checked that where we are committing blunders...

And please check my attempt and point out such blunders and it is good really. In this way we will be saved from the disastrous mistakes in our attempt.....

And please give us score....

Thanks
[/COLOR][/I][/B]

[QUOTE=idrees khan;464949]Well done guys , you all are doing excellent work .This will enable the upcoming candidates like me to have the knowledge of how can a question be answered .Your tricks and method of answering a question is sublime. Carry on guys god bliss you all.[/QUOTE]

[B][I][COLOR="DimGray"]Thanks.. And you are welcome in this exercise. Please take part in this exercise it is really beneficial and give us score.....Thanks.....[/COLOR][/I][/B]