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Pak Affairs info(Mcqz)
[B]List of Prime Ministers of Pakistan
Name From To Liaqat Ali Khan 14 August1947 16 October 1951 Khawaja Nazimuddin 17 October 1951 17 April 1953 Muhammad Ali Bogra 17 April 1953 12 August 1955 Chaudhry Muhammad Ali 12 August 1955 12 September 1956 H. Shaheed Suhrawardy 12 September 1956 17 October 1957 Ibrahim Ismail Chundrigar 17 October 1957 16 December 1957 Sir Feroz Khan Noon 16 December 1957 07 October 1958[/B] From October 07, 1958 until July 03, 1972, no person held the title of Prime Minister due to Martial law [B]Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto 03 July 1972 05 July 1977 [/B] The office was again suspended from July 5, 1977 until March 24 , 1985 due to martial law. [B]Muhammad Khan Junejo 24 March 1985 29 May 1988 Benazir Bhutto 09 December 1988 06 August 1990 Ghulam Mustafa Jatoi 06 August 1990 01 November 1990 Nawaz Sharif 01 November 1990 18 April 1993 Balakh Sher Mazari 18 April 1993 26 May 1993 (Restored)* Nawaz Sharif 26 May 1993 18 July 1993 Moin Qureshi 18 July 1993 19 October 1993 (Again)* Benazir Bhutto 19 October 1993 05 November 1996 Malik Miraj Khalid 05 November 1996 17 February 1997 (Again)* Nawaz Sharif 17 February 1997 12 October 1999 [/B] On October 12, 1999, Pervez Musharraf overthrew Nawaz Sharif, and took the title of Chief Executive. On June 20, 2001, he was made the President of Pakistan. Elections were held on October 10, 2002 leading to the return of the position of Prime Minister [B]Zafarullah Khan Jamali - 21 November 2002 26 June 2004 Chaudhry Shujaat Hussain 30 June 2004 28 August 2004 Shaukat Aziz 28 August 2004 To date [/B] Muhammad Adnan |
[B]The Prime Minister of Pakistan is the Head of Government of Pakistan.[/B]
The Prime Minister is elected by the National Assembly. The National Assembly is voted in by popular vote, and the leader of the party or coalition with the most votes is made the Prime Minister for a four year term. The Prime Minister is responsible for appointing a cabinet. The President has the constitutional power to remove the Prime Minister, through a dissolution of the National Assembly, triggering new elections. The office of Prime Minister has been suspended by the President on several occasions in Pakistan's history, a circumstance that is different (and more significant) than the dismissal of an individual Prime Minister by the President. The former occurred during the various times that Pakistan has been under martial law, and after the coup of Pervez Musharraf. During such times, the President, who often held the addition office of martial law administrator, effectively had the powers of Prime Minister as the head of government, without the title of Prime Minister. Shaukat Aziz is the current Prime Minister of Pakistan. He was elected by the National Assembly on August 28, 2004. [B] History[/B] The office of Prime Minister was created when Pakistan gained independence in 1947. Originally, the Prime Minister was given executive powers, which were later reduced as the power of the Governor-General grew. The office was discontinued in 1958 and revived in 1973. The power of the Prime Minister's office peaked in the late 1990s, with the removal of institutional check and balances, and the passage of the Thirteenth Amendment and Fourteenth Amendments. The first Prime Minister of Pakistan was Liaquat Ali Khan who was appointed to the position by the first Governor-General, Muhammmad Ali Jinnah. The office of Prime Minister continued until 1958. Many Prime Ministers were removed by the Head of State. In [B]1958[/B] martial law was declared by Iskander Mirza, and the office of Prime Minister essentially disappeared until 1973. In 1973 a new constitution was written giving the Prime Minister executive power once again, and making Pakistan a Parliamentary system. The architect of that constitution, Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto, became the Prime Minister. However, Bhutto was overthrown in 1977, and martial law declared again, with the office of Prime Minister being suspended until 1985 when Muhammad Khan Junejo was appointed by the newly elected National Assembly. This election also brought the eighth amendment to the 1973 constitution, and gave the President powers that balanced those of the Prime Minister. The President was now able to dismiss the Prime Minister and the National Assembly (effectively calling for new elections) without prior consultation with the Prime Minister. In 1988, Benazir Bhutto was elected as Prime Minister, becoming the first female head of government to be democratically elected in a Muslim country. From 1990 onwards, the offices of President and Prime Minister would clash, with the President dissolving the National Assembly, and thus dismissing the Prime Minister a total of three times until 1996, with new elections each time. After the coup of Pervez Musharraf in 1999, Musharraf assumed the role of Chief Executive, and was the sole leader of Pakistan. In 2002, general elections were held, with no party gaining the majority. A new Prime Minister was appointed after much political wrangling, Zafarullah Khan Jamali who belongs to the PML-Q, a pro-Musharraf political party. In December 2003, the National Assembly passed the Seventeenth Amendment, partially restoring the power of the President to dissolve the National Assembly (and thus dismiss the Prime Minister), but making the dissolution subject to Supreme Court approval. Jamali resigned on June 26, 2004. Finance minister and former Citibank EVP Shaukat Aziz has been named to the post by interim prime minister Chaudhry Shujaat Hussain. |
Governor-General of Pakistan
The Governor-General of Pakistan was the resident representative of the [B]King George VI [/B] in Pakistan from [B]1947 to 1952[/B] and then [B]Queen Elizabeth II [/B] from [B]1952 until 1956[/B] when Pakistan was proclaimed a republic.
When Pakistan became an independent, self-governing nation in 1947, it initially adopted the constitutional monarchy form of government as a Commonwealth realm dominion. The monarch appointed a Governor-General, upon the advice of the Prime Minister of Pakistan to serve as de facto Head of State. Mohammed Ali Jinnah, considered Quaid-e-Azam ("Father of the Nation"), intimated to Lord Mountbatten: "when I am Governor-General the Prime Minister will do what I tell him to"--Jinnah is a rare example of executive governorship by a Governor-General. Jinnah's successors, like most other Commonwealth Governors-General, served as figureheads and but did exercise their virtually unlimited political powers when the deemed fit which was mostly related to dissolving the parliament. The following are Governors-General of Pakistan: [B]1947 - 1948 Mohammed Ali Jinnah (1876 - 1948) 1948 - 1951 Khwaja Nazimuddin (1894 - 1964) 1951 - 1955 Ghulam Mohammad (1895 - 1956) 1955 - 1956 Iskander Mirza (1899 - 1969)[/B] The office of Governor-General was abolished and replaced by a President of Pakistan when Pakistan became [B]a republic in 1956[/B]. Governor-General [B]Iskander Mirza[/B] became Pakistan's [B]first president[/B]. |
History of the Presidency
[B]History of the Presidency[/B]
In 1947 Pakistan became a dominion within the British Commonwealth with the British Monarch as head of state (reiging as "King / Queen of Pakistan"). The monarch was represented in Pakistan by a Governor-General of Pakistan. In [B]1956[/B], dominion ended when Pakistan established its first constitution, and the positions of Queen and Governor-General were merged into the President. [B]Pakistan's first president was Iskander Mirza[/B], who was also the last Governor General. [B]In 1958[/B], he abrogated the constitution and declared martial law. A few weeks later, he was overthrown in a bloodless Coup d'état by [B]General Ayub Khan [/B] who had himself declared President. The constitution was revised, and the President became the ruler of Pakistan. The constitution also stipulated that the President be elected by the people. Elections were held in [B]1963[/B], and Khan defeated the sister of Muhammad Ali Jinnah, Fatima. Ayub Khan continued as president until [B]March 25, 1969[/B], and he passed the Presidency onto [B]Yahya Khan[/B]. Yahya Khan stepped down after the (Indo-Pakistani War of 1971), and [B]Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto [/B] became the new president and presided over the formation of a new Constitution. This constitution was completed in [B]1973[/B], and reduced the presidency to a figurehead position, giving power to the Prime Minister. [B]Bhutto stepped down as President[/B] and became Prime Minister, symbolizing the transition. The President was henceforth elected by legislative assembly members, not by popular vote. Popular vote would be used to directly elect the members of the National Assembly, including the Prime Minister. In [B]1978[/B], Prime Minister Bhutto was toppled by [B]General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq[/B] who declared himself President. The presidency again became the premier position in the Pakistani government. [B]Zia introduced the Eighth Amendment which gave reserve powers to the President's office[/B]. Zia died in 1988, and the Prime Minister's office regained leadership of the country. The Presidency retained its reserve powers until [B]1997, when the Thirteenth Amendment was passed.[/B] However, the 1999 coup of General Pervez Musharraf brought executive powers back to the President's office. National and provincial elections were held in 2002. In December 2003, the [B]Seventeenth Amendment partially restored the President's reserve powers - but made the exercise of those powers subject to Supreme Court approval or veto within 30 days[/B]. In January 2004, the Electoral College gave Musharraf a vote of confidence, as result of which he was (according to the Constitution) "deemed to be elected." Musharraf's term of office as president ends in 2007. [B] Name [/B], [B]Took Office [/B] , [B]Left Office [/B] 01 [B]Dr. Iskander Mirza [/B] March 23, 1956 October 27, 1958 02 [B]Muhammad Ayub Khan[/B] October 27, 1958 March 25, 1969 [B]Military [/B] 03 [B]Yahya Khan [/B] March 25, 1969 December 20, 1971 [B]Military [/B] 04 [B]Zulfikar Ali Bhutto [/B] December 20, 1971 August 13, 1973 05 [B]Fazal Ilahi Chaudhry[/B] August 13, 1973 September 16, 1978 06 [B]Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq[/B] September 16, 1978 August 17, 1988 [B]Military [/B] 07 [B]Ghulam Ishaq Khan [/B] August 17, 1988 July 18, 1993 08 [B]Wasim Sajjad [/B] July 18, 1993 November 14, 1993 09 [B]Farooq Leghari [/B] November 14, 1993 December 2, 1997 * [B]Wasim Sajjad [/B] December 2, 1997 January 1, 1998 10 [B]Muhammad Rafiq Tarar[/B] January 1, 1998 June 20, 2001 11 [B]Pervez Musharraf[/B] June 20, 2001 In Office [B]Military[/B] |
[B]Eighth Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan[/B]
[B] The Constitution (Eighth Amendment) Act, 1985[/B] was an amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan passed in 1985. It changed Pakistan's government from a Parliamentary system to a Semi-presidential system by giving the President a number of additional powers. These powers included the right to dissolve the National Assembly (but not the Senate) if, in his opinion, "a situation has arisen in which the Government of the Federation cannot be carried on in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution and an appeal to the electorate is necessary." [B](Constitution of Pakistan, Article 58)[/B] The Eighth Amendment was invoked three times in the 1990s. Its use was justified by the President as necessary, for the removal of corrupt governments that, he asserted, had lost the confidence of the people. Elections were held each time that caused the ruling party to lose its majority or plurality in the National Assembly. In 1997, the Thirteenth Amendment was passed, stripping the President of the power to dissolve the National Assembly and call for new elections, effectively reducing the Presidency to a figurehead. Pakistan's democracy provides no means for the people to directly recall members of Parliament before the end of their terms. Consequently, the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Amendments had the effect of removing the institutional Checks and Balances on the Prime Minister's power, by giving him immunity from being legally dismissed. The power of the President's office was partially restored by the Seventeenth Amendment. The power to dissolve the National Assembly and dismiss the Prime Minister is now subject to Supreme Court approval. [B]Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan[/B] [B]The Constitution (Thirteenth Amendment) Act, 1997[/B] was an amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan passed in 1997 by the government of Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif. It stripped the President of Pakistan of his right or reserve power to dissolve the National Assembly, call for new elections, and dismiss the Prime Minister. In Pakistan, once legislators are elected to national or provincial assemblies, the people cannot recall them before the end of their five-year terms. In the past, this has contributed to a sense of immunity on the part of members of the ruling party, and to rampant corruption among leading politicians. The combined effect of the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Amendments was to take away institutional Checks and Balances on the Prime Minister's power, giving him immunity from being legally dismissed. Nawaz Sharif's government became increasingly unpopular after the passage of these amendments, even though it was the election of his Pakistan Muslim League by a heavy majority that enabled him to alter the Constitution in the first place. The storming of the Supreme Court by political-party goons in 1997, and the forced resignation of the Chief Justice, strengthened the perception that the country was becoming a civilian dictatorship. In 1999, Pervez Musharraf assumed power in a military coup. Among the reasons he gave for doing so were the destruction of institutional checks and balances, and the prevailing corruption in the political leadership. The coup was widely welcomed in Pakistan, and the Supreme Court later validated it on the grounds that a situation had arisen for which the Constitution had no remedy, the Thirteenth Amendment having removed a constitutional means of dismissing an unpopular Prime Minister. In October 2002, elections were held in Pakistan. In December 2003, Parliament passed the Seventeenth Amendment, which partially restored the reserve power of the Presidency, but made it subject to Supreme Court approval. [B]Seventeenth Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan[/B] [B]The Constitution (Seventeenth Amendment) Act, 2003 [/B] was an amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan passed in [B]December 2003[/B], after over a year of political wrangling between supporters and opponents of Pakistani President Pervez Musharraf. This amendment made many changes to Pakistan's constitution. Many of these changes dealt with the office of the President and the reversal of the effects of the Thirteenth Amendment. Summarized here are brief descriptions of the major points. [B]President Musharraf's Legal Framework Order (LFO)[/B] was largely incorporated into the constitution, with a few changes. [B]Article 63(1)(d) [/B] of the Constitution to become operative after [B]December 31, 2004[/B]. The intent of this was to prohibit a person from holding both a political office (such as that of the President) and an "office of profit" - an office that is typically held by a career government servant, civil or military - such as the office of the Chief of Army Staff. Although this was supposed to separate the two types of office, a loophole - ".. other than an office declared by law .." - allowed Parliament to pass an ordinary law later in 2004 - permitting the President to hold on to the office of Chief of Army Staff, an option that President Musharraf then exercised. Should the President win a majority in a vote of confidence in the electoral college within 30 days of the passage of this amendment, he shall be deemed to be elected to the office of President. (On January 1, 2004, Musharraf won 658 out of 1,170 electoral-college votes - a 56% majority - and was thereby deemed to be elected as president.) The President regains the authority to dissolve the National Assembly - and thus effectively to dismiss the Pakistani Prime Minister - but the power to do so is made subject to an approval or veto by the Supreme Court of Pakistan. A Governor's power to dissolve a Provincial Assembly is similarly subject to Supreme Court approval or veto. Article 152A, which dealt with the National Security Council, was annulled. [B](The legal basis for the NSC is now an ordinary law, the National Security Council Act of 2004.) [/B] Ten laws had been added by the LFO to the Sixth Schedule, which is a list of "laws that are not to be altered, repealed or amended without the previous sanction of the President." After this amendment, five of those laws will lose their Sixth Schedule protection after six years. Laws to be unprotected include the four laws that established the system of democratic local governments. (Those in favor of this change have argued that it would enable each province to evolve its own systems. Opponents fear that authoritarian provincial governments could disempower or even dismantle the system of local democracies.) |
Timeline: Pakistan
CSS aspirants must have these years on their tips
A chronology of key events: 1906 - Muslim League founded as forum for Indian Muslim separatism. 1940 - Muslim League endorses idea of separate nation for India's Muslims. 1947 - Muslim state of East and West Pakistan created out of partition of India at the end of British rule. Hundreds of thousands die in widespread communal violence and millions are made homeless. 1948 - Muhammed Ali Jinnah, the first governor general of Pakistan, dies. 1948 - First war with India over disputed territory of Kashmir. 1951 - Jinnah's successor Liaquat Ali Khan is assassinated. 1956 - Constitution proclaims Pakistan an Islamic republic. 1958 - Martial law declared and General Ayyub Khan takes over. 1960 - General Ayyub Khan becomes president. War and secession 1965 - Second war with India over Kashmir. 1969 - General Ayyub Khan resigns and General Yahya Khan takes over. 1970 - Victory in general elections in East Pakistan for breakaway Awami League, leading to rising tension with West Pakistan. 1971 - East Pakistan attempts to secede, leading to civil war. India intervenes in support of East Pakistan which eventually breaks away to become Bangladesh. 1972 - Simla peace agreement with India sets new frontline in Kashmir. 1973 - Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto becomes prime minister. 1977 - Riots erupt over allegations of vote-rigging by Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto's Pakistan People's Party (PPP). General Zia ul-Haq stages military coup. 1978 - General Zia becomes president. 1979 - Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto hanged. 1980 - US pledges military assistance to Pakistan following Soviet intervention in Afghanistan. 1985 - Martial law and political parties ban lifted. 1986 - Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto's daughter Benazir returns from exile to lead PPP in campaign for fresh elections. 1988 August - General Zia, the US ambassador and top Pakistan army officials die in mysterious air crash. 1999: Echoes of General Zia 1988 November - Benazir Bhutto's PPP wins general election. 1990 - Benazir Bhutto dismissed as prime minister on charges of incompetence and corruption. 1991 - Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif begins economic liberalisation programme. Islamic Shariah law formally incorporated into legal code. 1992 - Government launches campaign to stamp out violence by Urdu-speaking supporters of the Mohajir Quami Movement. 1993 - President Khan and Prime Minister Sharif both resign under pressure from military. General election brings Benazir Bhutto back to power. 1996 - President Leghari dismisses Bhutto government amid corruption allegations. 1997 - Nawaz Sharif returns as prime minister after his Pakistan Muslim League party wins elections. 1998 - Pakistan conducts its own nuclear tests after India explodes several devices. 1999 April - Benazir Bhutto and her husband convicted of corruption and given jail sentences. Benazir stays out of the country. 1999 May - Kargil conflict: Pakistan-backed forces clash with the Indian military in the icy heights around Kargil in Indian-held Kashmir. More than 1,000 people are killed on both sides. 1999 October - Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif overthrown in military coup led by General Pervez Musharraf. Coup is widely condemned, Pakistan is suspended from Commonwealth. 2000 April - Nawaz Sharif sentenced to life imprisonment on hijacking and terrorism charges. 2000 December - Nawaz Sharif goes into exile in Saudi Arabia after being pardoned by military authorities. 2001 20 June - Gen Pervez Musharraf names himself president while remaining head of the army. He replaced the figurehead president, Rafiq Tarar, who vacated his position earlier in the day after the parliament that elected him was dissolved. 2001 July - Musharraf meets Indian Prime Minister Atal Behari Vajpayee in the first summit between the two neighbours in more than two years. The meeting ends without a breakthrough or even a joint statement because of differences over Kashmir. 2001 September - Musharraf swings in behind the US in its fight against terrorism and supports attacks on Afghanistan. US lifts some sanctions imposed after Pakistan's nuclear tests in 1998, but retains others put in place after Musharraf's coup. 2001 October - India fires on Pakistani military posts in the heaviest firing along the dividing line of control in Kashmir for almost a year. 2001 December - India imposes sanctions against Pakistan, to force it to take action against two Kashmir militant groups blamed for a suicide attack on parliament in New Dehli. Pakistan retaliates with similar sanctions. 2001 December - India, Pakistan mass troops along common border amid mounting fears of a looming war. 2002 January - President Musharraf bans two militant groups - Lashkar-e-Toiba and Jaish-e-Mohammad - and takes steps to curb religious extremism. 2002 January - Musharraf announces that elections will be held in October 2002 to end three years of military rule. 2002 April - Musharraf wins another five years in office in a referendum criticised as unconstitutional and fraught with irregularities. 2002 May - 14 people, including 11 French technicians, are killed in a suicide attack on a bus in Karachi. The following month 12 people are killed in a suicide attack outside the US consulate in the city. 2002 May - Pakistan test fires three medium-range surface-to-surface Ghauri missiles, which are capable of carrying nuclear warheads. Musharraf tells nation that Pakistan doesn't want war but is ready to respond with full force if attacked. 2002 June - Britain and USA maintain diplomatic offensive to avert war, urge their citizens to leave India and Pakistan. 2002 August - President Musharraf grants himself sweeping new powers, including the right to dismiss an elected parliament. Opposition forces accuse Musharraf of perpetuating dictatorship. 2002 October - First general election since the 1999 military coup results in a hung parliament. Parties haggle over the make-up of a coalition. Religious parties fare better than expected. 2002 November - Mir Zafarullah Jamali selected as prime minister by the National Assembly. He is the first civilian premier since the 1999 military coup and a member of a party close to General Musharraf. 2003 February - Senate elections: Ruling party wins most seats in voting to the upper house. Elections said to be final stage of what President Musharraf calls transition to democracy. 2003 June - North-West Frontier Province votes to introduce Sharia law. 2003 November - Pakistan declares a Kashmir ceasefire, which is swiftly matched by India. 2003 December - Pakistan and India agree to resume direct air links and to allow overflights of each other's planes from beginning of 2004 after two-year ban. 2004: Karachi - Volatile metropolis 2004: Pakistan's schisms spill into present 2004 February - Leading nuclear scientist Dr Abdul Qadeer Khan admits to having leaked nuclear weapons secrets. Technology is said to have been transferred to Libya, North Korea and Iran. 2004 April - Parliament approves creation of military-led National Security Council. Move institutionalises role of armed forces in civilian affairs. 2004 May - Pakistan readmitted to Commonwealth. Factional violence in Karachi: Senior Sunni cleric shot dead; bomb attack on Shia mosque kills 16, injures 40. 2004 June - Military offensive near Afghan border against suspected al-Qaeda militants and their supporters after attacks on checkpoints. Earlier offensive, in March, left more than 120 dead. 2004 August - Shaukat Aziz is sworn in as prime minister. In July he escaped unhurt from an apparent assassination attempt. 2004 December - President Musharraf announces that he will stay on as head of the army. He had previously promised to relinquish the role. 2005 January - Tribal militants in Baluchistan attack facilities at Pakistan's largest natural gas field, forcing closure of main plant. 2005 7 April - Bus services, the first in 60 years, operate between Muzaffarabad in Pakistani-administered Kashmir and Srinagar in Indian-controlled Kashmir. 2005 July - More than 130 people are killed and hundreds are injured in a collision between three passenger trains in Sindh province. 2005 August - Pakistan tests its first, nuclear-capable cruise missile. Best of luck |
basic Facts Abt Pakistan
[B]BASIC FACTS ABT PAKISTAN[/B]
RELIGIONS: Muslim 97% (Sunni 77%, Shi'a 20%), Christian, Hindu, and other 3% MEDIAN AGE: total: 19.8 years male: 19.7 years female: 20 years (2002) AGE STRUCTURE: 0-14 years: 39.3% (male 30,463,958; female 28,726,776) 15-64 years: 56.5% (male 43,571,093; female 41,651,872) 65 years and over: 4.2% (male 3,051,674; female 3,229,367) (2003 est.) NET MIGRATION RATE: -0.75 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.) SEX RATIO: At birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.94 male(s)/female total population: 1.05 male(s)/female (2003 est.) INFANT MORTALITY RATE: total: 76.53 deaths/1,000 live births female: 76.09 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.) male: 76.95 deaths/1,000 live births ETHNIC GROUPS: Punjabi, Sindhi, Pashtun (Pathan), Baloch, Muhajir (immigrants from India at the time of partition and their descendants) LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH: Total population: 62.2 years male: 61.3 years female: 63.14 years (2003 est.) LANGUAGES: Punjabi 48%, Sindhi 12%, Siraiki (a Punjabi variant) 10%, Pashtu 8%, Urdu (official) 8%, Balochi 3%, Hindko 2%, Brahui 1%, English (official and lingua franca of Pakistani elite and most government ministries), Burushaski, and other 8% FLAG DESCRIPTION: green with a vertical white band (symbolizing the role of religious minorities) on the hoist side; a large white crescent and star are centered in the green field; the crescent, star, and color green are traditional symbols of Islam Currency Pak Rupee. CURRENCY CODE: PKR Per Capita Income US$ 443 Per Capita Income at (PPP) US$ 2230 GDP: Purchasing power parity - $311 billion (2002 est.) GDP - COMPOSITION BY SECTOR: Agriculture: 24% industry: 25% services: 51% (FY01 est.) LITERACY: Definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 45.7% male: 59.8% female: 30.6% (2003 est.) POPULATION BELOW POVERTY LINE: 35% (2001 est.) LABOR FORCE: 41.54 million (2003) EMPLOYED: 38.29 million (2003) UNEMPLOYED: 3.25 million (2003) UNEMPLOYMENT RATE: 7.8% plus substantial underemployment (2002 est.) LABOR FORCE - BY OCCUPATION: Agriculture 48.42%, manufacturing & Mining 11.55%, Construction 5.78%, Trade 13.8%, Transport 5.03%, Services 42% (2001 est.) Registered Companies 43,000+ Listed Cos 700+ Foreign Firms 600+ Industrial Estates/Zones 63 Trade EXPORTS: $9.8 billion f.o.b. (FY02/03 est.) EXPORTS - COMMODITIES: textiles (garments, cotton cloth, and yarn), rice, leather, sports goods, and carpets and rugs TECHNICAL 72 COLLEGES 925 Universities 68 (40 in private sector) Transport & Communications TOTAL LENGTH OF ROADS 257,683 KM. Railways Network 7,791 route KMs RAILWAYS: total: 8,163 km broad gauge: 7,718 km 1.676-m gauge (293 km electrified) narrow gauge: 445 km 1.000-m gauge (2002) HIGHWAYS: total: 247,811 km paved: 141,252 km (including 339 km of expressways) unpaved: 106,559 km (2001) MERCHANT MARINE: Total: 18 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 247,675 GRT/375,435 DWT ships by type: cargo 14, container 3, petroleum tanker 1 (2002 est.) MOTOR VEHICLE REGISTERED: 786907 Pakistan International Airline Covers 33 International and 21 domestic stations. Pakistan International Airline Major Airports Domestic Stations: Islamabad , Lahore , Karachi , Quetta , Peshawar and Gwadar Major Seaports Domestic: Minora, Gwadar and Pasni. International: Karachi and Bin Qasim. Post Offices 12,234 (2302 Urban and 9932 Rural) CARGO HANDLED AT KARACHI PORT TOTAL EXPORT/IMPORTS 26692 (000 Tonnes) CARGO HANDLED AT PORT QASIM TOTAL EXPORT/IMPORTS 13226 (000 Tonnes) Telephone Connections 4.28 million Public Call Offices 71,771 Telegraph Offices 362 Internet Connections 1.7 million NO. OF ISPS 127 FIBER OPTIC INSTALLATION (NO. OF CITIES) 203 Employment LABOR FORCE: 41.54 million Agriculture Sector 48.42% Manufacturing & Mining Sector 11.25% Others 40.33% RELIGIONS: Muslim 97% (Sunni 77%, Shi'a 20%), Christian, Hindu, and other 3% MEDIAN AGE: total: 19.8 years male: 19.7 years female: 20 years (2002) AGE STRUCTURE: 0-14 years: 39.3% (male 30,463,958; female 28,726,776) 15-64 years: 56.5% (male 43,571,093; female 41,651,872) 65 years and over: 4.2% (male 3,051,674; female 3,229,367) (2003 est.) |
Pakistan: Basic Facts
[INDENT][INDENT][COLOR="SeaGreen"]
[B] PAKISTAN: BASIC FACTS[/B] [B]Official Name [/B] Islamic Republic of Pakistan Father of the Nation Quaid-i-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah (1876-1948) National Poet Allama Muhammad Iqbal (1877-1938) Head of the State General Pervez Musharraf, President Head of Government Shaukat Aziz , Prime Minister Capital Islamabad [B]Area Total [/B] 796,095 Sq. km. Punjab 205,344 Sq. km. Sindh 140,914 Sq. km. North West Frontier Province 74,521 Sq. km. Balochistan 347,190 Sq. km. Federally Administered Tribal Areas 27,220 Sq. km. Islamabad (Capital) 906 Sq. km. Population 153.96 million (E) [B]Administrative Setup [/B] Pakistan is divided into four provinces viz., North West Frontier Province (NWFP), Punjab, Sindh and Balochistan. The tribal belt adjoining NWFP is managed by the Federal Government and is named FATA i.e., Federally Administered Tribal Areas. Azad Kashmir and Northern Areas have their own respective political and administrative machinery, yet certain of their subjects are taken care of by the Federal Government through the Ministry of Kashmir Affairs and Northern Areas. Provinces of Pakistan are further divided into Divisions and Districts [B] Divisions Districts [/B] NWFP 7 24 Punjab 8 34 Sindh 5 21 Balochistan 6 22 While FATA consist of 13 Areas/Agencies and Azad Kashmir and Northern Areas have 7 and 5 Districts respectively. Religion 95% Muslims, 5% others. Annual Per capita income US $846 GDP 8.4% Currency Pak. Rupee. Imports Industrial equipment, chemicals, vehicles, steel, iron ore, petroleum, edible oil, pulses, tea. Exports Cotton, textile goods, rice, leather items carpets, sports goods, handi-crafts, fish and fish prep. and fruit Languages Urdu (National) and English (Official) [B]Literacy rate [/B] 53% [B]Government Parliamentary form [/B] Parliament Parliament consists of two Houses i.e., the Senate (Upper House) and the National Assembly (Lower House). The Senate is a permanent legislative body and symbolises a process of continuity in the national affairs. It consists of 100 members. The four Provincial Assemblies, Federally Administered Tribal Areas and Federal Capital form its electoral college. The National Assembly has a total membership of 342 elected through adult suffrage (272 general seats, 60 women seats and 10 non-Muslim seats). [B]Pakistan National Flag [/B] Dark green with a white vertical bar, a white crescent and a five-pointed star in the middle. The Flag symbolizes Pakistan's profound commitment to Islam, the Islamic world and the rights of religious minorities. [B]National Anthem [/B] Approved in August, 1954 Verses Composed by: Abdul Asar Hafeez Jullundhri Tune Composed by: Ahmed G. Chagla Duration: 80 seconds [B]State Emblem The State Emblem consists of: [/B] The crescent and star which are symbols of Islam The shield in the centre shows four major crops Wreath surrounding the shield represents cultural heritage and 4. Scroll contains Quaid's motto: Unity Faith, Discipline [B]Pakistan's Official Map [/B] Drawn by Mian Mahmood Alam Suhrawardy (1920-1999) National Flower Jasmine. National Tree Deodar (Cedrus Deodara). National Animal Markhor. National Bird Chakor (Red-legged partridge) Flora Pine, Oak, Poplar, Deodar, Maple, Mulberry Fauna The Pheasant, Leopard, Deer, Ibex, Chinkara, Black buck, Neelgai, Markhor, Marco-Polo sheep, Green turtles, River & Sea fish, Crocodile, Waterfowls Popular games Cricket, Hockey, Football, Squash. [B]Tourist's resorts [/B] Murree, Quetta, Hunza, Ziarat, Swat, Kaghan, Chitral and Gilgit [B]Archaeological sites [/B] Moenjo Daro, Harappa, Taxila, Kot Diji, Mehr Garh, Takht Bhai. [B]Major Cities [/B] Islamabad, Karachi, Lahore, Peshawar, Quetta, Rawalpindi, Hyderabad, Faisalabad, Multan and Sialkot [B]Major Crops [/B] Cotton, Wheat, Rice and Sugarcane Agricultural Growth Rate 7.5% in 2004-05 Total cropped area 22.94 million hectares [B] Industry[/B] Textiles, Cement, Fertiliser, Steel, Sugar, Electric Goods, Shipbuilding [B]Energy [/B] Major sources Electricity ( Hydel, Thermal, Nuclear) Oil, Coal, and Liquid Petroleum Gas Power Generating Capacity 19,389 MW [B]Health [/B] Hospitals 916 Dispensaries 4,600 Basic Health Units (BHUs) 5,301 Maternity & Child Health Centres 906 Rural Health Centres (RHCs) 552 Tuberculosis (TB) Centres 289 Hospital Beds 99,908 Doctors (registered) 113,206 Dentists (registered) 6,127 Nurses (registered 48,446 Paramedics 23,559 Lady Health Workers 6,741 Education Primary Schools 155,000 Middle Schools 28,728 High Schools 16,100 Secondary Vocational Institutions 636 Arts & Science Colleges 1,066 Professional Colleges 382 Universities 51 Transport & Communication Total length of roads 259, 758 km Pakistan Railway network 7,791 km Locomotives 580 Railway stations 781 [B]Pakistan International Airlines [/B] Covers 38 international and 24 domestic stations with a fleet of 49 planes. [B] Major Airports [/B] 8 (Islamabad, Karachi, Lahore, Quetta, Peshawar, Multan, Faisalabad and Gwadar) [B]Seaports [/B] International 2 (Karachi and Bin Qasim) Gwadar deep sear port is under construction [B]Fish Harbors -Cum-Mini[/B] [B]Ports [/B] 3 (Minora, Gawadar, and Keti Bandar) [B]Communications [/B] Post Offices 12,170 Telephone connections 5,052,000 Public Call Offices 217,597 Telegraph offices 299 Internet Connections 2 million Mobile Phones 10,542,641 Employment Total Labour force 46.84 million Employed Labour Force 43.22 million Agriculture Sector 18.60 million Manufacturing & Mining sector 5.96 million Construction 2.52 million Trade 6.39 million Transport 2.48 million Others 6.98 million [B]Media [/B] [B]Electronic Media [/B] Print Media (In accordance with Central Media List) Dailies 540 Weeklies 444 Fortnightlies 55 Monthlies 268 [B]News Agencies [/B] Official APP Private PPI, NNI, On Line and Sana. [B]TV Channels State Owned [/B] Pakistan Television Network (PTV) is a state owned television station which operates on both terrestrial & satellite. PTV offers six channels: PTV PTV World PTV National - Regional Languages Channel PTV Bolan - Baluchi Language Channel AJK TV - Azad & Jammu Kashmir TV Educational Virtual University is also state owned and operate two channels. Virtual Television 1 (VTV 1) Virtual Television 2 (VTV 2) Private Aaj TV ARY Digital ARY One World ATV Business Plus Channel G - Music Channel Dhoom TV Filmazia - Pakistani Movies Channel Fortune TV Geo TV Geo News Hum TV Indus Music Indus Plus/Indus News Indus Vision Labbaik TV Mashriq TV nVibe TV One QTV Roshni TV Rung TV Sun Biz - Business Channel TV 2 Day The City Channel The Musik Uni Plus Regional KTN - Sindhi Language Channel Sindh TV - Sindhi Language Channel Kashish TV - Sindhi Language Channel Apna Channel - Punjabi Language Channel Ravi TV - Punjabi Language Channel Punjab TV - Punjabi Language Channel AVT Khyber - Pushto Language Channel International HBO - Part of ARY Digital Network Fashion TV Pakistan Al-Jazeera Urdu CNBC Pakistan Cartoon Network STAR Plus Ten Sports [B]Pakistani radio channels [/B] Following are radio channels in Pakistan . [B]Sindh [/B] Radio Pakistan AM820 Karachi Radio Pakistan AM1000 Hyderabad Radio Pakistan AM1000 Larkana Radio Pakistan AM920 Khairpur City FM89 Karachi RadioActive FM96 Karachi FM100 Karachi FM101 Karachi FM101 Hyderabad APNA Radio FM107 Karachi HUM FM106 Karachi HUM FM106 Sukkar [B]Punjab [/B] Radio Pakistan AM630 Lahore Radio Pakistan AM1080 Lahore Radio Pakistan AM1260 Rawalpindi Radio Pakistan AM792 Rawalpindi Radio Pakistan FM92 Rawalpindi Radio Pakistan AM1030 Multan Radio Pakistan AM1320 Bahawalpur Radio Pakistan AM1476 Faisalabad ( Lyallpur ) City FM89 Lahore City FM89 Rawalpindi City FM89 Faisalabad ( Lyallpur ) FM100 Lahore FM101 Lahore FM101 Faisalabad ( Lyallpur ) FM101 Sialkot FM101 Sargodha FM95 Mianwali MAST FM103 Lahore Radio Buraq FM104 Sialkot AWAZ Radio FM105 Gujrat AWAZ Radio FM106 Gujranwala HUM FM106.2 Lahore Islamabad Capital Territory Radio Pakistan AM585 Islamabad City FM89 Islamabad FM99 Power Radio Islamabad FM100 Islamabad FM101 Islamabad HUM FM106.2 Islamabad Northwest Frontier Province (NWFP) Radio Pakistan AM540 Peshawar Radio Pakistan AM1400 Dera Ismail Khan Radio Pakistan AM1600 Abbottabad Radio Pakistan AM1580 Chitral UPesh Radio FM107 Peshawar Radio Buraq FM104 Peshawar Radio Buraq FM104 Mardan FM101 Peshawar FM101 Bannu FM101 Kohat Balochistan Radio Pakistan AM750 Quetta Radio Pakistan AM1580 Sibi Radio Pakistan AM560 Khuzdar Radio Pakistan AM1580 Turbat FM101 Quetta FM101 Gwadar [B]Banks [/B] Central Bank State Bank of Pakistan [B]Nationalized Scheduled Banks [/B] First Woman Bank Ltd. National Bank of Pakistan [B]Specialized Banks [/B] Zari Taraqiati Bank (ZTBL) Industrial Development Bank of Pakistan Punjab Provincial Cooperative Bank Ltd [B]Private Scheduled Banks [/B] Askari Commercial Bank Limited Bank Al-Falah Limited Bolan Bank Limited Faysal Bank Limited Bank Al-Habib Limited Metropolitan Bank Limited KASB Commercial Bank Limited Prime Commercial Bank Limited PICIC Commercial Bank Limited Soneri Bank Limited Union Bank Limited Meezan Bank Limited Saudi-Pak Commercial Bank Limited Crescent Commercial Bank Limited Dawood Bank Limited NDLC-IFIC Bank Limited (NIB) Allied Bank of Pakistan Limited United Bank Limited Habib Bank Limited SME Banks [B]Foreign Banks [/B] ABN Amro Bank N.V Albaraka Islamic Bank BSC (EC) American Expresss Bank Limited Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi Limited Citibank N.A Deutsche Bank A.G. Habib Bank A.G. Zurich Hongkong & Shanghai Banking Corp Limited Oman International Bank S.O.A.G Rupali Bank Limited Standard Chartered Bank Limited [B]Development Financial Institutions [/B] Pakistan Industrial Credit and Investment Corp. Limited Pak Kuwait Investment Company (Pvt) Limited Pak Libya Holding Company (Pvt) Limited [B]Investment Banks [/B] Crescent Investment Bank Limited First International Investment Bank Limited Atlas Investment Bank Limited Security Investment Bank Limited Fidelity Investment Bank Limited Prudential Investment Bank Limited Islamic Investment Bank Limited Asset Investment Bank Limited Al-Towfeek Investment Bank imited Jahangir Siddiqui Investment Bank Limited Franklin Investment Bank Limited Orix Investment Bank (Pak) Limited [B]Famous Mountain Peaks[/B] Height World Rating K-2 (Chagori) 8616 m 2nd Nanga Parbat 8125 m 8th Gasherbrum-I 8068 m 11th Broad Peak 8065 m 12th Gasherbrum-II 8047 m 14th Gasherbrum-III 7952 m 15th Gasherbrum-IV 7925 m 16th Disteghil Sar 7885 m 20th Kunyang Kish 7852 m 22nd Masherbrum (NE) 7821 m 24th Rakaposhi 7788 m 27th Batura I 7785 m 28th Kanjut Sar 7760 m 29th Saltoro Kangri 7742 m 33rd Trivor 7720 m 36th Tirich Mir 7708 m 41st [B]Famous Mountain Passes [/B] Location Province The Khyber Pass NWFP The Kurram Pass FATA The Tochi Pass FATA The Gomal Pass NWFP The Bolan Pass Balochistan The Lowari Pass Chitral (NWFP) The Khunjrab Pass Northern Areas [B]Rivers [/B] Length The Indus 2,896 km Jhelum 825 km Chenab 1,242 km Ravi 901 km Sutlej 1,551 km Beas (tributary of Sutlej) 398 km Famous Glaciers Length Siachin 75 km Batura 55 km Baltoro 65 km [B]Deserts Name [/B] Location/Province Thar Sindh Cholistan Punjab Thal Punjab [B]Lakes [/B] [B]Name Location/Province [/B] Manchar Sindh Keenjar Sindh Hanna Balochistan Saif-ul-Maluk NWFP Satpara Northern Areas Kachura Northern Areas [B]Major Dams [/B] Name Location/Province Mangla Dam Punjab Tarbela Dam NWFP Warsak Dam NWFP [/COLOR][/INDENT][/INDENT] [COLOR="Magenta"][B]MUKHTIAR ALI SHAR[/B][/COLOR] [email]csscandidate2006@yahoo.com[/email] |
Pak Affairs Objectives
[B]1. When did the Sindh assembly decided to join Pakistan? [/B]
[B] Ans.[/B] June 26, 1947 [B]2. By which margin the Sindh assembly decided to join Pakistan?[/B] [B]Ans. [/B]by 33 to 20 votes [B]3. Who were the members of the Steering Committee of the Partition Council in the Center? [/B] [B]Ans.[/B] Ch. Muhammad Ali and H.M. Patel [B]4. What was the description of the border between the East and the West Bengal? [/B] [B]Ans.[/B] "The new frontier would run approximately north-south from the Himalayan foothills, east of Darjeeling to the Ganges delta on the Bay of Bengal, leaving East Bengal in Pakistan and West Bengal in India" [B]5. What was the population of Bengal before partition in 1947?[/B] [B] Ans.[/B] 60,000,000 [B]6. What was the area of Bengal before partition in 1947?[/B] [B]Ans.[/B] 77000 Sq. miles [B]7. What was the estimate of the former Bengali population in both East and Wast Bengal after partition in 1947?[/B] [B]Ans.[/B] 35.14% in West Bengal and 64.86% in East Bengal [B]8. Who was the Chairman of both the Boundary Commissions?[/B] [B]Ans.[/B] Sir Cyril Radcliffe [B]9. Who were the members of Boundary Commission?[/B] Ans. Mr. Justice Din Muhammad, Mr. Justice Muhammad Munir, Mr. Justice Mehrchand Mahajan, Mr. Justice Teja Singh. [B]10. How long did the Boundary Commission work?[/B] [B]Ans.[/B] From 21-07-1947 to 30-07-1947 [B]11. According to Justice Muhammad Munir, by which date the award had been finalized?[/B] [B]Ans.[/B] Aug. 8, 1947 [B]12. When was the Boundary Commission Award Announced? [/B] [B]Ans.[/B] 17-08-1947 [B]13. Where was Mr. Radcliff staying between Aug. 8 and Aug. 17, 1947?[/B] [B]Ans.[/B] In New Delhi as a guest of Lord Mountbatten. [B]14. Who was the last Governor of the undivided Punjab?[/B] [B]Ans.[/B] Sir Even Jenkins [B]15. Who was the first Governor of the West Punjab?[/B] [B]Ans.[/B] Sir Francis Mudie [B]16. Sir Francis Mudie found a sketch map left over in the confidential safe at Government House, Lahore. What was it about?[/B] [B]Ans.[/B] This sketch map was the advance information provided to Sir Even Jenkins by the Radcliff award commission on the possible boundary line of Punjab. [B]17. How this sketch map differed from the actual Award announced on Aug. 17, 1947? [/B] [B]Ans.[/B] According to this sketch map the tehsil of Ferozepur and Zira was to be assigned to Pakistan, but in actual Award it was assigned to India. [B]18. According to a publication of Manchester Guardian in 1950, Gurdaspur was assigned to India possibly owing to pressure from Lord Mountbatten. Why India needed Gurdaspur so badly?[/B] [B]Ans.[/B] It was the sole land route to Kashmir, which India had planned to occupy. [B]19. How many Princely States were in undivided India?[/B] [B]Ans.[/B] 562 [B]20. According to 1941 census, what was the total population of all the princely states? [/B] [B]Ans.[/B] 93 million [B]21. What was the total area of the princely states?[/B] [B]Ans.[/B] 712000 Sq. miles [B]22. When was a conference of the Princely States rulers held in Delhi before the announcement of Partition Plan? [/B] [B]Ans.[/B] July 25, 1947 [B]23. What was the direction given to the rulers of the Princely States by Mountbatten in the Delhi Conference?[/B] [B]Ans.[/B]Join, either Pakistan or India [B]24. Which 3 States had failed to decide accession issue by 15th August, 1947? [/B] [B]Ans.[/B] Hyderabad, Junagadh and Kashmir [B]25. How was the decision of joining Pakistan reached by the British Baluchistan?[/B] [B]Ans.[/B] A jirga (assembly) of all the tribal chiefs of the British Baluchistan met on June 29, 1947 and unanimously decided to join Pakistan. [B]26. Which was the largest state in Baluchistan? [/B] [B]Ans.[/B] Kalat [B]27. When was the announcement of accession of Kalat to Pakistan was made?[/B] [B]Ans.[/B] April 2, 1948 [B]28. What was the area of the State of Kalat? [/B] [B]Ans.[/B] 75000 sq. miles [B]29. What was the population of the State of Kalat?[/B] [B]Ans.[/B] 500,000 [B]30. When did the rulers of the states of Kalat, Las Bela , Makran and Kharan agreed to form a single State Union?[/B] [B]Ans. [/B]April 1952 [B]31. Which new provinces were constituted under the Indian Independence Act, 1947, (after being defined in Sir Cyril Radcliffe's boundary award)?[/B] [B]Ans.[/B] East Bengal and West Punjab [B]32. What was the population of the undivided Punjab?[/B] [B]Ans.[/B] 28,000,000 [B]33. What was the area of the undivided Punjab?[/B] [B]Ans.[/B] 100,000 [B]34. Which districts of the Punjab province were allotted to the newly constituted Western Punjab province?[/B] [B]Ans.[/B] In Lahore Division, Lahore, Gujranwala, Sheikhupura, Sialkot. In Rawalpindi Division, Rawalpindi, Attock, Jhelum, and Shahpur. In Multan Division, Multan, Dera Ghazi Khan, Lyallpur, Montgomery and Muzaffargarh. [B]35. What was the area of the West Punjab?[/B] [B]Ans. [/B]62,100 Sq. miles [B]36. What was the population of West Punjab as per the 1941 census?[/B] [B]Ans.[/B] 15,800,000 [B]37. What was the percentage of Muslims in West Punjab?[/B] [B]Ans.[/B] 74.7% [B]38. When did polling take place in N.W.F.P for referendum on the question of union with Pakistan or India?[/B] [B]Ans.[/B] July 6, 1947 [B]39. How many votes were cast in favor of both Pakistan and India in the NWFP referendum?[/B] [B]Ans.[/B] 289,244 for Pakistan and 2874 for India [B]40. Which organization in N.W.F.P boycotted the referendum and who was the founder of this organization?[/B] [B]Ans.[/B] Redshirts, Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan [B]41. Which two States decided to merge in Pakistan on 4th October, 1947?[/B] [B]Ans.[/B] Bahawalpur and Khairpur [B]42. When were the States of Bahawalpur and Khairpur formally merged in Pakistan?[/B] [B]Ans.[/B] 7th and 12th October, 1947 [B]43. Who was the Prime Minister of the State of Bahawalpur?[/B] [B]Ans.[/B] Mushtaq Ahmed Gurmani [B]44. What was the population of Bahawalpur state?[/B] [B]Ans.[/B] 1,500,000 [B]45. What was the area of Bahawalpur state?[/B] [B]Ans. [/B]16,500 Sq. miles [B]46. Which district of Assam voted in favour of joining Pakistan on July 6, 1947?[/B] [B]Ans.[/B] Sylhet [B]47. Which three Frontier States acceded to Pakistan?[/B] [B]Ans.[/B] Chitral, Dir and Swat [B]48. When did the Punjab Legislative Assembly decided in favour of the partition of the province?[/B] [B]Ans.[/B] June 23, 1947 [B]49. What was the verdict of the Punjab Assembly?[/B] [B]Ans.[/B] 91 members (including three non-Muslims) voted in favour of joining a new Constituent Assembly, while 77 (Hindus, Sikhs and Scheduled Caste representatives) voted in favour of entering the existing Constituent Assembly, if the Province remained united. [B]50. When did the Bengal Legislative Assembly meet to decide on the question of partition of Bengal?[/B] [B]Ans.[/B] June 20, 1947 |
[B]51. Who was the Governor of Bengal at the time of deciding the partition of the province? [/B]
[B]Ans:[/B]Sir Frederick Burrows [B]52. Who was the Chief Minister of Bengal at the time of deciding the partition of the province? [/B] [B]Ans:[/B] Hussain Shaheed Suharwardy [B]53. Which was the ruling party in Bengal at the time of deciding the partition of the province?[/B] [B]Ans:[/B] Muslim League [B]54. What was the verdict of the Bengal Legislative Assembly on the question of partition of Bengal?[/B] [B]Ans:[/B]Bengal Legislative Assembly met in two sections on June 20, 1947; the Hindu-majority section voted in favor of partition of Bengal by 58 votes to 21 and Muslim-majority section voted against partition of Bengal by 106 to 35. [B]55. When did the elections take place in East and West Bengal for nominees to the Constituent Assemblies of India and Pakistan? [/B] [B]Ans:[/B]July 4-5, 1947 [B]56. When was the award of the Punjab Boundary Commission announced?[/B] [B]Ans:[/B]Aug. 17, 1947 [B]57. When did the Nawab of Manavadar announced accession to Pakistan?[/B] [B]Ans:[/B]September, 24, 1947 [B]58. When was the State of Manavadar forcibly occupied by the Indian troops? [/B] [B]Ans:[/B]February 15, 1948 [B]59. When did the Kathiawar State of Junagadh announced accession to Pakistan? [/B] [B]Ans:[/B]August 18, 1947 [B]60. When did Pakistan accept the accession of Junagadh? [/B] [B]Ans:[/B] Sept. 15, 1947 [B]61. Who warned Pakistan that "Pakistan's acceptance of accession of Junagadh was in utter violation of principles on which the Partition of India was agreed upon and effected"?[/B] [B]Ans:[/B]Lord Mountbatten [B]62. What was the population of the State of Junagadh? [/B] [B]Ans:[/B] 800,000 [B]63. What was the percentage of Hindu Population in the State of Junagadh? [/B] [B]Ans:[/B]80% [B]64. Where exactly was the location of Junagadh in the Kathiawar peninsula? [/B] [B]Ans:[/B]South West of the Kathiawar peninsula. [B]65. What was the distance of Jungadh from Pakistan? [/B] [B]Ans:[/B] 450 miles [B]66. The landlords of which two feudatory areas of Junagadh announced accession to India?[/B] [B]Ans:[/B] Mangrol and Babriawad [B]67. When did the Indian troops enter in Babariawad and Mangrol? [/B] [B]Ans:[/B]November 1, 1947 [B]68. Why did the Indian troops enter in Babariawad and Mangrol? [/B] [B]Ans:[/B]These were the tributary states of Junagadh. The Indian troops entered here to find an excuse for occupying Junagadh. [B]69. When did the Indian troops enter in the capital city of Junagadh? [/B] [B]Ans:[/B]November 9, 1947 [B]70. Who was the Dewan (Chief Minister) of the Junagadh State?[/B] [B]Ans:[/B]Sir Shah Nawaz Bhutto [B]71. Who at Junagadh said " Handing over the administration to the Indian Union was comparable to inviting thief to tea" ? [/B] [B]Ans:[/B]Sir Shah Nawaz Bhutto [B]72. Through which port of Junagadh India made its amphibious landing?[/B] [B]Ans:[/B]Porbandar [B]73. When was the referendum in under-occupation Junagadh held on the question of joining India or Pakistan?[/B] [B]Ans:[/B]Feb. 24, 1948 [B]74. .What was the result of the referendum? [/B] [B]Ans:[/B] The referendum was a merely farce as there were no neutral observers and the unilateral announcement from Indian Govt was made that 190,779 votes were in favor of India and 91 in favor of Pakistan . [B]75. What was the area of the State of Hyderabad?[/B] [B]Ans:[/B]82000 sq. miles [B]76. What was the population of Hyderabad in 1947? [/B] [B]Ans:[/B]18 million [B]77. What was the title of the ruler of Hyderabad? [/B] [B]Ans:[/B]Nizam [B]78. What was the name of the Nizam of Hyderabad and Berar?[/B] [B]Ans:[/B]Mir Osman Ali Khan [B]79. What was the decision of the Nizam of Hyderabad on the accession issue on June 11, 1947? [/B] [B]Ans:[/B]To remain Independent [B]80. Which State, after receiving threats from Indian Government on accession issue, sought attention of the United Nations on 24-08-1947?[/B] [B]Ans:[/B]Hyderabad [B]81. When was a standstill agreement reached between India and the Nizam of Hyderabad?[/B] [B]Ans:[/B] Nov. 29, 1947, was to continue for one year. [B]82. Which reprehensible pressure tactic was used by India to force Hyderabad for accession? [/B] [B]Ans:[/B] Economic blockade [B]83. When did Indian forces occupy Hyderabad against the wishes of its Muslim Nawab? [/B] [B]Ans:[/B] September, 12 1948 [B]84. Apart from Junagadh, Hyderabad and Kashmir which other State was forced to accede to India against the wishes of its ruler?[/B] [B]Ans:[/B] Jodhpur [B]85. What was the percentage of Muslim population in entire Kashmir at the time of partition? [/B] [B]Ans:[/B]78% [B]86. .What was the percentage of Muslim population in the valley of Kashmir at the time of partition? [/B] [B]Ans:[/B] 93% [B]87. Historically speaking from which century Kashmir was being ruled by Muslims till its conquest by Ranjit Singh in 1819?[/B] [B]Ans:[/B]14th Century [B]88. When did Ranjit Singh sell the Kashmir State to the Dogra Raja, Gulab Singh for an amount of Rs. 7500,000?[/B] [B]Ans:[/B]1845 [B]89. What is the distance from Kashmir to Pakistan?[/B] [B]Ans:[/B] 250 miles [B]90. Who was the founder of the National Conference in Kashmir?[/B] [B]Ans:[/B] Sheikh Abdullah [B]91. In May 1947 which President of the Indian National Congress went to Kashmir to persuade the Dogra Raja for accession with India? [/B] [B]Ans:[/B]Acharya Kirpalani [B]92. When did the Muslim Conference of Kashmir adopt a resolution in favor of accession to Pakistan?[/B] [B]Ans:[/B]19th July, 1947 [B]93. What was the name of the Maharajah of Kashmir in 1947? [/B] [B]Ans:[/B]Hari Singh [B]94. Which Kashmir State Prime Minister was in favor of Independent Kashmir?[/B] [B]Ans:[/B] Ram Chandra Kak [B]95. After the visit of Gandhi to Kashmir there were two significant developments; one was the appointment of Dogra Janak Singh as Prime Minister, which was the other?[/B] [B]Ans:[/B]Release of Sheikh Abudullah from Prison [B]96. In October 1947 Dogra Janak Singh was replaced by a nominee of Indian National Congress. What was his name? [/B] [B]Ans:[/B]Mehr Chand Mahajan - A former member of Boundary Commission [B]97. What incited the Kashmiris to initiate a guerrilla war against the Dogra ruler? [/B] [B]Ans:[/B]The Raja of Kashmir Hari Singh ordered Muslims to deposit all arms they possessed and also disarmed the Muslim personnel in the State army. [B]98. In which district the RSS and Sikh gangs from India reached to assist the Dogra Raja in extermination of Kashmiri Muslims?[/B] [B]Ans:[/B]Poonch [B]99. When did the Pathans from the tribal belt of Pakistan reach Kashmir to fight against the forces of the Dogra Raja?[/B] [B]Ans:[/B]21/22 October, 1947 |
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