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aishalam Friday, July 26, 2019 12:58 PM

CSS economics past papers questions by topic
 
Hello everyone!

I have arranged the past five year papers of CSS according to topics so that they are easier to get through and categorize. I found this very useful during my preparation for css 2019 so I hope it can help someone else as well.

[B]1. Microeconomics[/B][INDENT]a. Explain Arc and Cross elasticities and analyze their role in decision making by the consumers. Point out application of these theories; quote such examples and explain. (2018)
b. Short note: Perfect and Pure competition (2018)
c. How does the indifference Approach to analyzing consumer demand avoid having to measure utility? Explain. (2017)
d. Explain and prove mathematically that marginal revenue is less than price in case of monopolistic market structure (2016)
e. Explain diagrammatically how increase in price generates income and substitution effect for a normal good? (2016)
f. Explain the equilibrium of firm and price fixation in Duoply when both firms have different elastic Average Revenue and Marginal Revenue curves. (2015)
g. Compare and contrast the equilibrium of the firm under perfect competition and monopolistic competition. (2015)
h. Why Micro and Macro Economics are prerequisite for complete Economic analysis? (2015)
i. Short note: How would you identify the Supply Curve of the firm under Perfect competition in the long run? Explain with graph. & Do you think that a Monopolistic firm can earn unlimited profit by maximizing the price? (2015)
j. Given the profit function of a firm Profit=80X-2X^2-XY-3Y^2+100Y. Using the Lagrange Multiplier Method, find the maximum of the profit function subject to the constraint that X+Y=12
k. Using the Utility Maximization Model show that total price effect is equal to the sum of income and substitution effects. (2014)
l. Differentiate between monopoly and perfect competition. How price and output is determined under monopoly in the short run. (2014)
m. Define and explain the concept of AFC, AVC, ATC, and Marginal Cost with the help of diagram. What is the significance of the point where Marginal Cost is equal to Average Cost? Describe this relation mathematically as well as graphically. (2014)
n. Short note: Consumers and producer surplus, Compensating and Equivalent Variation (2014)[/INDENT]

[B]2. Macroeconomics[/B][INDENT]a. How the concepts of notional aggregate demand (Keynesian) and real aggregate demand (neo-classical), leads to economic fluctuations in the economy. How equilibrium is established in the market under the above approaches? (2018)
b. Analyze three different shapes of Aggregate Supply Curve (Constant, positively sloped and vertical). Explain the role of shifts in Aggregate Demand and their impacts on economy in all three types of Aggregate Supply Curves. Relate such impacts in response to Fiscal policy. (2018)
c. Explain the Lewis Model of Modern-Sector in a Two-Sector Surplus-Labour Economy with graphical analysis. (2017) (see development econ notes)
d. What do you know about 'Demand-Side' Inflation and 'Supply-Side' Inflation? Explain with the help of graphs and briefly explicate the policies to tackle both sides Inflation. (2017)
e. Short note: Personal and disposable income, Consumer price index and producer price index (2016)
f. Explain the inflation and unemployment relationship for pre and post 70s market economy. (2016)
g. Short note: Net domestic and gross domestic product, Multiplier and accelerator. (2016)
h. Explain as how new investment impact on national income under Multiplier effect? Illustrate with table and graph. (2014)
i. Short note: Phillips Curve (2014)[/INDENT]

[B]3. Money and Banking[/B][INDENT]a. State the bases of IS-LM framework (equations &establish equilibrium) and comment whether it is a short run or long run analysis. State bases for your answer. Do you think this approach is still applicable for policy formulation? (2018)
b. Short note: Monetary policy and its tools to control of money supply (2018)
c. How does the IS-LM model allow equilibrium to be shown in both Goods and Money Markets simultaneously? Elucidate with graphs. (2017)
d. Short note: Functions of Central Bank (2017)
e. Deliberate on various theories developed to study the price and money supply relationship. (2016)
f. Discuss the evolution of international monetary systems adopted by the world economies. (2016)
g. Explain as how the process of Creation of Credit Money is adopted in the banks? (2015)
h. Define monetary policy and explain its instruments which control inflation and deflation. (2015)
i. (2014) Given below is the information about money market in a economy (all values in billions). C= Currency in circulation D=Demand Deposits X=Excess Reserves r=reserve requirement on demand deposits=0.05 C/D=0.25 X/D=0.05
i. Calculate the value of the following:
1. Monetary Base
2. M1 Money Supply
3. Money Multiplier
4. Change in Monetary base required to achieve M1=$800[/INDENT]

[B]4. Public Financing[/B][INDENT]a. Discuss major cannons of taxation and their relevance to tax system in Pakistan. Do you think that the tax system in Pakistan is based upon cannons of taxation (restrict your discussion to the application of cannons of taxation)? (2018)
b. Critically examine the performance of fiscal policy adopted in Pakistan overtime. Express your views about the appropriateness of fiscal policy tools applied for the chosen fiscal policy. (2018)
c. What is the concept of Public debt? Explain the dimensions for tackling the debt problems of developing countries like Pakistan. (2017)
d. Short note: Sources of Government Revenue (2017)
e. Use the Keyynesian cross to predict the impact of: (2014)
i. An increase in government purchases.
ii. An increase in taxes
iii. An equal increase in government purchases and taxes
f. Short note: Trends in foreign remittances (2014)[/INDENT]

[B]5. International Trade[/B][INDENT]a. What is Balance of Payment? Point out its major components. Analyze any one years’ BOP of Pakistan. (2018)
b. Express your views about trends in the balance of trade in Pakistan and factors affecting them. How the situation can be made favourable for Pakistan? (2018)
c. Short note: Scope of Import Substitution Strategy in Pakistan (2018)
d. Examine the causes of Balance of Payments problem under Fixed exchange Rate in short-run keeping in view the Neo Classical and Keynesian Analyses. (2017)
e. Highlight and explain changes in direction of trade in recent years. Also explain trends in exports and imports of Pakistan (2017)
f. Short note: Export-led Growth Strategy (2017)
g. Critically evaluate import substitution and export led policies adopted in Pakistan to promote agriculture development. (2016)
h. Explain factors responsible for deterioration of terms of trade for Pakistan. How Pakistan can improve its terms of trade? (2016)
i. Give the causes of deficit in balance of payments in pakistan and suggest measures to correct the adverse balance of trade. (2014)[/INDENT]

[B]6. Economic Growth & Development[/B][INDENT]a. Short note: Balanced and Un-balanced growth theory (2018)
b. Identify and prioritize three factors hindering the economic progress in Pakistan. What measures would you propose for the sustainable growth of the economy? (2018)
c. Short note: Difference between Development and Human Development (2017)
d. Explain the characteristics of Less Developed Countries (LDCs) with particular reference to Pakistan. (2017)
e. Short note: Growth vs. Distribution (2017)
f. Discuss the Rostow's stage of growth with special reference to Pakistan (2016)
g. Faster development leads to environmental degradation. Explain how development can be sustained without degrading the environment? (2016)
h. 'Domestic resource development is a strategy of economic development'. Discuss as how industrial development is helpful to achieve that goal? (2015)
i. Do you think as how modern approach of economic development is in accordance with the human welfare? (2015)
j. Short note: economic growth (2015)
k. Discuss the common characteristics of developing countries like Pakistan. (2014)[/INDENT]

[B]7. Planning in Pakistan[/B][INDENT]a. Critically evaluate the economic planning strategy of Pakistan. What policy measures would you suggest for sound economic planning? Discuss. (2017)
b. "Economy without planning is like a ship having no destination." Comment. (2015)[/INDENT]

[B]8. Agricultural and Industrial sector problems and development[/B][INDENT]a. Agriculture’s share in GDP and employment in Pakistan has reduced over time. Express your views about this decline in the light of the experience of some developed countries in the world. (2018)
b. Elaborate the difference between agricultural development and rural development. What are the limitations of agricultural and rural development policies of Pakistan? Discuss. (2017)
c. Explain the major monetary and fiscal measure taken in Pakistan for industrial development for the last 20 years. (2017)
d. Critically evaluate major monetary and fiscal measures taken in Pakistan to promote agriculture development. (2016)
e. How agriculture development is based on 'Green Revolution'? Discuss as how it brought revolutionary changes in agricultural development? (2015)
f. Define Agriculture price policy and its kinds. What are the objectives of agriculture price policy in developing countries like Pakistan. (2014)
g. Explain the major monetary and fiscal measures to promote industrial development. (2014)
h. What is the difference between collective and cooperative farming? Explain the advantages and causes of failure of cooperative farming. (2014)[/INDENT]
[B]9. Privatization, denationalization, deregulation[/B][INDENT]a. Specifically describe the history of nationalization, denationalization and privatization in Pakistan. Why denationalization of the nationalized organizations became inevitable in Pakistan? (2018)
b. Delineate the difference among privatization, deregulation and decentralization. Evaluate the experience of Pakistan in privatization. (2017)
c. Present a detailed account of Pakistan's experience of privatization process. (2016)
d. "Public sector enterprises are white elephant for the economy." Discuss as how privatization can play a positive role to address this issue? (2015)
e. Short note: Privatization Policy (2014)[/INDENT]

[B]10. Interest free banking[/B][INDENT]a. Has interest-free banking been successful in Pakistan? Highlight the weaknesses and strengths of interest-free banking in Pakistan. (2016)[/INDENT]
[B]11. Energy policy[/B][INDENT]a. Short note: Government Efforts to address Energy Crisis in Pakistan (2018)
b. Short note: Energy Crisis in Pakistan (2017)
c. Energy crisis in Pakistan has slowed down the growth process in Pakistan. In your opinion, how the energy shortage can be overcome? (2016)[/INDENT]
[B]
12. Other Major issues in Pakistan economy[/B][INDENT]a. What are the causes of over time worsened income distribution in Pakistan? Give some practicable options to overcome poverty and income inequalities in the country. (2018)
b. Short note: Climate Change Challenges for the economy of Pakistan (2018)
c. Short note: Difference between Income Inequality and Poverty (2017)
d. How Lorenz Curve measures the poverty and income inequalities? Discuss critically. (2015)
e. Short note: Poverty Line, Basic need approach for poverty alleviation. (2015)
f. Differentiate Absolute Poverty and Relative Poverty. Explain the poverty reduction strategies in Pakistan. (2014)
[/INDENT]

wolfmoon Wednesday, April 15, 2020 01:29 AM

Great job!
i was looking for something like this as i'm unable to comprehend the scope of Microeconomics.
Thank you!

hafeez janu Wednesday, April 15, 2020 03:19 PM

[QUOTE=aishalam;1094241]Hello everyone!

I have arranged the past five year papers of CSS according to topics so that they are easier to get through and categorize. I found this very useful during my preparation for css 2019 so I hope it can help someone else as well.

[B]1. Microeconomics[/B][INDENT]a. Explain Arc and Cross elasticities and analyze their role in decision making by the consumers. Point out application of these theories; quote such examples and explain. (2018)
b. Short note: Perfect and Pure competition (2018)
c. How does the indifference Approach to analyzing consumer demand avoid having to measure utility? Explain. (2017)
d. Explain and prove mathematically that marginal revenue is less than price in case of monopolistic market structure (2016)
e. Explain diagrammatically how increase in price generates income and substitution effect for a normal good? (2016)
f. Explain the equilibrium of firm and price fixation in Duoply when both firms have different elastic Average Revenue and Marginal Revenue curves. (2015)
g. Compare and contrast the equilibrium of the firm under perfect competition and monopolistic competition. (2015)
h. Why Micro and Macro Economics are prerequisite for complete Economic analysis? (2015)
i. Short note: How would you identify the Supply Curve of the firm under Perfect competition in the long run? Explain with graph. & Do you think that a Monopolistic firm can earn unlimited profit by maximizing the price? (2015)
j. Given the profit function of a firm Profit=80X-2X^2-XY-3Y^2+100Y. Using the Lagrange Multiplier Method, find the maximum of the profit function subject to the constraint that X+Y=12
k. Using the Utility Maximization Model show that total price effect is equal to the sum of income and substitution effects. (2014)
l. Differentiate between monopoly and perfect competition. How price and output is determined under monopoly in the short run. (2014)
m. Define and explain the concept of AFC, AVC, ATC, and Marginal Cost with the help of diagram. What is the significance of the point where Marginal Cost is equal to Average Cost? Describe this relation mathematically as well as graphically. (2014)
n. Short note: Consumers and producer surplus, Compensating and Equivalent Variation (2014)[/INDENT]

[B]2. Macroeconomics[/B][INDENT]a. How the concepts of notional aggregate demand (Keynesian) and real aggregate demand (neo-classical), leads to economic fluctuations in the economy. How equilibrium is established in the market under the above approaches? (2018)
b. Analyze three different shapes of Aggregate Supply Curve (Constant, positively sloped and vertical). Explain the role of shifts in Aggregate Demand and their impacts on economy in all three types of Aggregate Supply Curves. Relate such impacts in response to Fiscal policy. (2018)
c. Explain the Lewis Model of Modern-Sector in a Two-Sector Surplus-Labour Economy with graphical analysis. (2017) (see development econ notes)
d. What do you know about 'Demand-Side' Inflation and 'Supply-Side' Inflation? Explain with the help of graphs and briefly explicate the policies to tackle both sides Inflation. (2017)
e. Short note: Personal and disposable income, Consumer price index and producer price index (2016)
f. Explain the inflation and unemployment relationship for pre and post 70s market economy. (2016)
g. Short note: Net domestic and gross domestic product, Multiplier and accelerator. (2016)
h. Explain as how new investment impact on national income under Multiplier effect? Illustrate with table and graph. (2014)
i. Short note: Phillips Curve (2014)[/INDENT]

[B]3. Money and Banking[/B][INDENT]a. State the bases of IS-LM framework (equations &establish equilibrium) and comment whether it is a short run or long run analysis. State bases for your answer. Do you think this approach is still applicable for policy formulation? (2018)
b. Short note: Monetary policy and its tools to control of money supply (2018)
c. How does the IS-LM model allow equilibrium to be shown in both Goods and Money Markets simultaneously? Elucidate with graphs. (2017)
d. Short note: Functions of Central Bank (2017)
e. Deliberate on various theories developed to study the price and money supply relationship. (2016)
f. Discuss the evolution of international monetary systems adopted by the world economies. (2016)
g. Explain as how the process of Creation of Credit Money is adopted in the banks? (2015)
h. Define monetary policy and explain its instruments which control inflation and deflation. (2015)
i. (2014) Given below is the information about money market in a economy (all values in billions). C= Currency in circulation D=Demand Deposits X=Excess Reserves r=reserve requirement on demand deposits=0.05 C/D=0.25 X/D=0.05
i. Calculate the value of the following:
1. Monetary Base
2. M1 Money Supply
3. Money Multiplier
4. Change in Monetary base required to achieve M1=$800[/INDENT]

[B]4. Public Financing[/B][INDENT]a. Discuss major cannons of taxation and their relevance to tax system in Pakistan. Do you think that the tax system in Pakistan is based upon cannons of taxation (restrict your discussion to the application of cannons of taxation)? (2018)
b. Critically examine the performance of fiscal policy adopted in Pakistan overtime. Express your views about the appropriateness of fiscal policy tools applied for the chosen fiscal policy. (2018)
c. What is the concept of Public debt? Explain the dimensions for tackling the debt problems of developing countries like Pakistan. (2017)
d. Short note: Sources of Government Revenue (2017)
e. Use the Keyynesian cross to predict the impact of: (2014)
i. An increase in government purchases.
ii. An increase in taxes
iii. An equal increase in government purchases and taxes
f. Short note: Trends in foreign remittances (2014)[/INDENT]

[B]5. International Trade[/B][INDENT]a. What is Balance of Payment? Point out its major components. Analyze any one years’ BOP of Pakistan. (2018)
b. Express your views about trends in the balance of trade in Pakistan and factors affecting them. How the situation can be made favourable for Pakistan? (2018)
c. Short note: Scope of Import Substitution Strategy in Pakistan (2018)
d. Examine the causes of Balance of Payments problem under Fixed exchange Rate in short-run keeping in view the Neo Classical and Keynesian Analyses. (2017)
e. Highlight and explain changes in direction of trade in recent years. Also explain trends in exports and imports of Pakistan (2017)
f. Short note: Export-led Growth Strategy (2017)
g. Critically evaluate import substitution and export led policies adopted in Pakistan to promote agriculture development. (2016)
h. Explain factors responsible for deterioration of terms of trade for Pakistan. How Pakistan can improve its terms of trade? (2016)
i. Give the causes of deficit in balance of payments in pakistan and suggest measures to correct the adverse balance of trade. (2014)[/INDENT]

[B]6. Economic Growth & Development[/B][INDENT]a. Short note: Balanced and Un-balanced growth theory (2018)
b. Identify and prioritize three factors hindering the economic progress in Pakistan. What measures would you propose for the sustainable growth of the economy? (2018)
c. Short note: Difference between Development and Human Development (2017)
d. Explain the characteristics of Less Developed Countries (LDCs) with particular reference to Pakistan. (2017)
e. Short note: Growth vs. Distribution (2017)
f. Discuss the Rostow's stage of growth with special reference to Pakistan (2016)
g. Faster development leads to environmental degradation. Explain how development can be sustained without degrading the environment? (2016)
h. 'Domestic resource development is a strategy of economic development'. Discuss as how industrial development is helpful to achieve that goal? (2015)
i. Do you think as how modern approach of economic development is in accordance with the human welfare? (2015)
j. Short note: economic growth (2015)
k. Discuss the common characteristics of developing countries like Pakistan. (2014)[/INDENT]

[B]7. Planning in Pakistan[/B][INDENT]a. Critically evaluate the economic planning strategy of Pakistan. What policy measures would you suggest for sound economic planning? Discuss. (2017)
b. "Economy without planning is like a ship having no destination." Comment. (2015)[/INDENT]

[B]8. Agricultural and Industrial sector problems and development[/B][INDENT]a. Agriculture’s share in GDP and employment in Pakistan has reduced over time. Express your views about this decline in the light of the experience of some developed countries in the world. (2018)
b. Elaborate the difference between agricultural development and rural development. What are the limitations of agricultural and rural development policies of Pakistan? Discuss. (2017)
c. Explain the major monetary and fiscal measure taken in Pakistan for industrial development for the last 20 years. (2017)
d. Critically evaluate major monetary and fiscal measures taken in Pakistan to promote agriculture development. (2016)
e. How agriculture development is based on 'Green Revolution'? Discuss as how it brought revolutionary changes in agricultural development? (2015)
f. Define Agriculture price policy and its kinds. What are the objectives of agriculture price policy in developing countries like Pakistan. (2014)
g. Explain the major monetary and fiscal measures to promote industrial development. (2014)
h. What is the difference between collective and cooperative farming? Explain the advantages and causes of failure of cooperative farming. (2014)[/INDENT]
[B]9. Privatization, denationalization, deregulation[/B][INDENT]a. Specifically describe the history of nationalization, denationalization and privatization in Pakistan. Why denationalization of the nationalized organizations became inevitable in Pakistan? (2018)
b. Delineate the difference among privatization, deregulation and decentralization. Evaluate the experience of Pakistan in privatization. (2017)
c. Present a detailed account of Pakistan's experience of privatization process. (2016)
d. "Public sector enterprises are white elephant for the economy." Discuss as how privatization can play a positive role to address this issue? (2015)
e. Short note: Privatization Policy (2014)[/INDENT]

[B]10. Interest free banking[/B][INDENT]a. Has interest-free banking been successful in Pakistan? Highlight the weaknesses and strengths of interest-free banking in Pakistan. (2016)[/INDENT]
[B]11. Energy policy[/B][INDENT]a. Short note: Government Efforts to address Energy Crisis in Pakistan (2018)
b. Short note: Energy Crisis in Pakistan (2017)
c. Energy crisis in Pakistan has slowed down the growth process in Pakistan. In your opinion, how the energy shortage can be overcome? (2016)[/INDENT]
[B]
12. Other Major issues in Pakistan economy[/B][INDENT]a. What are the causes of over time worsened income distribution in Pakistan? Give some practicable options to overcome poverty and income inequalities in the country. (2018)
b. Short note: Climate Change Challenges for the economy of Pakistan (2018)
c. Short note: Difference between Income Inequality and Poverty (2017)
d. How Lorenz Curve measures the poverty and income inequalities? Discuss critically. (2015)
e. Short note: Poverty Line, Basic need approach for poverty alleviation. (2015)
f. Differentiate Absolute Poverty and Relative Poverty. Explain the poverty reduction strategies in Pakistan. (2014)
[/INDENT][/QUOTE]
sir what does the first question ,as i am unable what does it says ?

aishalam Wednesday, April 15, 2020 09:14 PM

[QUOTE=wolfmoon;1109487]Great job!
i was looking for something like this as i'm unable to comprehend the scope of Microeconomics.
Thank you![/QUOTE]

I'm glad you found it useful!

aishalam Wednesday, April 15, 2020 09:43 PM

[QUOTE=hafeez janu;1109502]sir what does the first question ,as i am unable what does it says ?[/QUOTE]

Well if you break the question down into its components, it's a very straightforward one to attempt.
[B]
Q: Explain Arc and Cross elasticities and analyze their role in decision making by the consumers. Point out application of these theories; quote such examples and explain. (2018)[/B]

A:
-First [I][U] explain what Arc and Cross elasticities are[/U][/I]. Give their definition, formulae and explaining graph as well along with a simple example.

-Then we are asked [U][I]what role they play in a consumer's decision making.[/I][/U] Put simply [U]Arc Elasticity[/U] helps consumers decide on whether to buy a single product or not when a price should change (usually the change is rather large- doesnt matter whether positive or negative. When change is small point elasticity is preferred). Since Arc Elasticity measures the responsiveness of the demand with respect to price in between two points on the demand curve, it helps consumers decide whether the good is fairly elastic (i.e. change in price has drastic effects on demand) or inelastic (i.e change in price should have fairly little effect on demand).
Also note that demand curves are not straight lines- they curve away from the origin. Hence [U]arc elasticities[/U] can also help us understand another consumer tendancy; the less the price the more eleastic the good (i.e consumers are more willing to change their consumption pattern) and the higher the price the more inelastic (i.e the consumer is less willing to change their current demand pattern or maybe they can't afford it anymore at the high prices)
[U]Cross elasticities [/U]on the other hand help consumers decide on whether to buy a good in response to changes on related goods. E.g whether one should or should not shift to eating chicken when the prices of beef have risen and hence beef is comparatively more expensive? These kind of questions can be answered using cross elasticities which can not only tell you HOW a good is related (i.e whether it is a substitute, a complementary good or completely unrelated) but also tell you how elastic their demand and prices are to each other. It is an invaluable tool if used and understood correctly.


-the last portion of the question asks you to note down the applications of these theories with examples. Now what we wrote in the second portion above is basically the application of these two type of elasticities from a consumer perspective. Very briefly restate these with exaples and explanations (draw graphs- economists LOVEEEE graphs). Then move on to its application on the producer side. You can find that on the internet easily. Cross elasticities help not only pricing policies but also business decisions. Here is a good article to help with this [url]https://www.businesstopia.net/economics/micro/use-cross-elasticity-demand-business-decision-making[/url]
You can find similar articles for arc elasticities.


-At the end simply write a conclusion which states that these two are important concepts in economics and are powerful tools if used and understood properly.



I hope the above explanation helped. I tried not to ramble but I have a tendency to go off on tangents so feel free to ask if anything doesn't make sense. Best of luck!!

Cleopatra Wednesday, June 10, 2020 08:22 PM

[QUOTE=aishalam;1094241]Hello everyone!

I have arranged the past five year papers of CSS according to topics so that they are easier to get through and categorize. I found this very useful during my preparation for css 2019 so I hope it can help someone else as well.

[B]1. Microeconomics[/B][INDENT]a. Explain Arc and Cross elasticities and analyze their role in decision making by the consumers. Point out application of these theories; quote such examples and explain. (2018)
b. Short note: Perfect and Pure competition (2018)
c. How does the indifference Approach to analyzing consumer demand avoid having to measure utility? Explain. (2017)
d. Explain and prove mathematically that marginal revenue is less than price in case of monopolistic market structure (2016)
e. Explain diagrammatically how increase in price generates income and substitution effect for a normal good? (2016)
f. Explain the equilibrium of firm and price fixation in Duoply when both firms have different elastic Average Revenue and Marginal Revenue curves. (2015)
g. Compare and contrast the equilibrium of the firm under perfect competition and monopolistic competition. (2015)
h. Why Micro and Macro Economics are prerequisite for complete Economic analysis? (2015)
i. Short note: How would you identify the Supply Curve of the firm under Perfect competition in the long run? Explain with graph. & Do you think that a Monopolistic firm can earn unlimited profit by maximizing the price? (2015)
j. Given the profit function of a firm Profit=80X-2X^2-XY-3Y^2+100Y. Using the Lagrange Multiplier Method, find the maximum of the profit function subject to the constraint that X+Y=12
k. Using the Utility Maximization Model show that total price effect is equal to the sum of income and substitution effects. (2014)
l. Differentiate between monopoly and perfect competition. How price and output is determined under monopoly in the short run. (2014)
m. Define and explain the concept of AFC, AVC, ATC, and Marginal Cost with the help of diagram. What is the significance of the point where Marginal Cost is equal to Average Cost? Describe this relation mathematically as well as graphically. (2014)
n. Short note: Consumers and producer surplus, Compensating and Equivalent Variation (2014)[/INDENT]

[B]2. Macroeconomics[/B][INDENT]a. How the concepts of notional aggregate demand (Keynesian) and real aggregate demand (neo-classical), leads to economic fluctuations in the economy. How equilibrium is established in the market under the above approaches? (2018)
b. Analyze three different shapes of Aggregate Supply Curve (Constant, positively sloped and vertical). Explain the role of shifts in Aggregate Demand and their impacts on economy in all three types of Aggregate Supply Curves. Relate such impacts in response to Fiscal policy. (2018)
c. Explain the Lewis Model of Modern-Sector in a Two-Sector Surplus-Labour Economy with graphical analysis. (2017) (see development econ notes)
d. What do you know about 'Demand-Side' Inflation and 'Supply-Side' Inflation? Explain with the help of graphs and briefly explicate the policies to tackle both sides Inflation. (2017)
e. Short note: Personal and disposable income, Consumer price index and producer price index (2016)
f. Explain the inflation and unemployment relationship for pre and post 70s market economy. (2016)
g. Short note: Net domestic and gross domestic product, Multiplier and accelerator. (2016)
h. Explain as how new investment impact on national income under Multiplier effect? Illustrate with table and graph. (2014)
i. Short note: Phillips Curve (2014)[/INDENT]

[B]3. Money and Banking[/B][INDENT]a. State the bases of IS-LM framework (equations &establish equilibrium) and comment whether it is a short run or long run analysis. State bases for your answer. Do you think this approach is still applicable for policy formulation? (2018)
b. Short note: Monetary policy and its tools to control of money supply (2018)
c. How does the IS-LM model allow equilibrium to be shown in both Goods and Money Markets simultaneously? Elucidate with graphs. (2017)
d. Short note: Functions of Central Bank (2017)
e. Deliberate on various theories developed to study the price and money supply relationship. (2016)
f. Discuss the evolution of international monetary systems adopted by the world economies. (2016)
g. Explain as how the process of Creation of Credit Money is adopted in the banks? (2015)
h. Define monetary policy and explain its instruments which control inflation and deflation. (2015)
i. (2014) Given below is the information about money market in a economy (all values in billions). C= Currency in circulation D=Demand Deposits X=Excess Reserves r=reserve requirement on demand deposits=0.05 C/D=0.25 X/D=0.05
i. Calculate the value of the following:
1. Monetary Base
2. M1 Money Supply
3. Money Multiplier
4. Change in Monetary base required to achieve M1=$800[/INDENT]

[B]4. Public Financing[/B][INDENT]a. Discuss major cannons of taxation and their relevance to tax system in Pakistan. Do you think that the tax system in Pakistan is based upon cannons of taxation (restrict your discussion to the application of cannons of taxation)? (2018)
b. Critically examine the performance of fiscal policy adopted in Pakistan overtime. Express your views about the appropriateness of fiscal policy tools applied for the chosen fiscal policy. (2018)
c. What is the concept of Public debt? Explain the dimensions for tackling the debt problems of developing countries like Pakistan. (2017)
d. Short note: Sources of Government Revenue (2017)
e. Use the Keyynesian cross to predict the impact of: (2014)
i. An increase in government purchases.
ii. An increase in taxes
iii. An equal increase in government purchases and taxes
f. Short note: Trends in foreign remittances (2014)[/INDENT]

[B]5. International Trade[/B][INDENT]a. What is Balance of Payment? Point out its major components. Analyze any one years’ BOP of Pakistan. (2018)
b. Express your views about trends in the balance of trade in Pakistan and factors affecting them. How the situation can be made favourable for Pakistan? (2018)
c. Short note: Scope of Import Substitution Strategy in Pakistan (2018)
d. Examine the causes of Balance of Payments problem under Fixed exchange Rate in short-run keeping in view the Neo Classical and Keynesian Analyses. (2017)
e. Highlight and explain changes in direction of trade in recent years. Also explain trends in exports and imports of Pakistan (2017)
f. Short note: Export-led Growth Strategy (2017)
g. Critically evaluate import substitution and export led policies adopted in Pakistan to promote agriculture development. (2016)
h. Explain factors responsible for deterioration of terms of trade for Pakistan. How Pakistan can improve its terms of trade? (2016)
i. Give the causes of deficit in balance of payments in pakistan and suggest measures to correct the adverse balance of trade. (2014)[/INDENT]

[B]6. Economic Growth & Development[/B][INDENT]a. Short note: Balanced and Un-balanced growth theory (2018)
b. Identify and prioritize three factors hindering the economic progress in Pakistan. What measures would you propose for the sustainable growth of the economy? (2018)
c. Short note: Difference between Development and Human Development (2017)
d. Explain the characteristics of Less Developed Countries (LDCs) with particular reference to Pakistan. (2017)
e. Short note: Growth vs. Distribution (2017)
f. Discuss the Rostow's stage of growth with special reference to Pakistan (2016)
g. Faster development leads to environmental degradation. Explain how development can be sustained without degrading the environment? (2016)
h. 'Domestic resource development is a strategy of economic development'. Discuss as how industrial development is helpful to achieve that goal? (2015)
i. Do you think as how modern approach of economic development is in accordance with the human welfare? (2015)
j. Short note: economic growth (2015)
k. Discuss the common characteristics of developing countries like Pakistan. (2014)[/INDENT]

[B]7. Planning in Pakistan[/B][INDENT]a. Critically evaluate the economic planning strategy of Pakistan. What policy measures would you suggest for sound economic planning? Discuss. (2017)
b. "Economy without planning is like a ship having no destination." Comment. (2015)[/INDENT]

[B]8. Agricultural and Industrial sector problems and development[/B][INDENT]a. Agriculture’s share in GDP and employment in Pakistan has reduced over time. Express your views about this decline in the light of the experience of some developed countries in the world. (2018)
b. Elaborate the difference between agricultural development and rural development. What are the limitations of agricultural and rural development policies of Pakistan? Discuss. (2017)
c. Explain the major monetary and fiscal measure taken in Pakistan for industrial development for the last 20 years. (2017)
d. Critically evaluate major monetary and fiscal measures taken in Pakistan to promote agriculture development. (2016)
e. How agriculture development is based on 'Green Revolution'? Discuss as how it brought revolutionary changes in agricultural development? (2015)
f. Define Agriculture price policy and its kinds. What are the objectives of agriculture price policy in developing countries like Pakistan. (2014)
g. Explain the major monetary and fiscal measures to promote industrial development. (2014)
h. What is the difference between collective and cooperative farming? Explain the advantages and causes of failure of cooperative farming. (2014)[/INDENT]
[B]9. Privatization, denationalization, deregulation[/B][INDENT]a. Specifically describe the history of nationalization, denationalization and privatization in Pakistan. Why denationalization of the nationalized organizations became inevitable in Pakistan? (2018)
b. Delineate the difference among privatization, deregulation and decentralization. Evaluate the experience of Pakistan in privatization. (2017)
c. Present a detailed account of Pakistan's experience of privatization process. (2016)
d. "Public sector enterprises are white elephant for the economy." Discuss as how privatization can play a positive role to address this issue? (2015)
e. Short note: Privatization Policy (2014)[/INDENT]

[B]10. Interest free banking[/B][INDENT]a. Has interest-free banking been successful in Pakistan? Highlight the weaknesses and strengths of interest-free banking in Pakistan. (2016)[/INDENT]
[B]11. Energy policy[/B][INDENT]a. Short note: Government Efforts to address Energy Crisis in Pakistan (2018)
b. Short note: Energy Crisis in Pakistan (2017)
c. Energy crisis in Pakistan has slowed down the growth process in Pakistan. In your opinion, how the energy shortage can be overcome? (2016)[/INDENT]
[B]
12. Other Major issues in Pakistan economy[/B][INDENT]a. What are the causes of over time worsened income distribution in Pakistan? Give some practicable options to overcome poverty and income inequalities in the country. (2018)
b. Short note: Climate Change Challenges for the economy of Pakistan (2018)
c. Short note: Difference between Income Inequality and Poverty (2017)
d. How Lorenz Curve measures the poverty and income inequalities? Discuss critically. (2015)
e. Short note: Poverty Line, Basic need approach for poverty alleviation. (2015)
f. Differentiate Absolute Poverty and Relative Poverty. Explain the poverty reduction strategies in Pakistan. (2014)
[/INDENT][/QUOTE]
Compendable effort!
Can you point out the exact topic that comes under the heading of "partial and general equilibrium analysis (basic level) theory of firm" in the microeconomics section of the syllabus.
and, how much did you score in economics?

Cleopatra Wednesday, June 10, 2020 08:27 PM

[QUOTE=aishalam;1094241]Hello everyone!

I have arranged the past five year papers of CSS according to topics so that they are easier to get through and categorize. I found this very useful during my preparation for css 2019 so I hope it can help someone else as well.

[B]1. Microeconomics[/B][INDENT]a. Explain Arc and Cross elasticities and analyze their role in decision making by the consumers. Point out application of these theories; quote such examples and explain. (2018)
b. Short note: Perfect and Pure competition (2018)
c. How does the indifference Approach to analyzing consumer demand avoid having to measure utility? Explain. (2017)
d. Explain and prove mathematically that marginal revenue is less than price in case of monopolistic market structure (2016)
e. Explain diagrammatically how increase in price generates income and substitution effect for a normal good? (2016)
f. Explain the equilibrium of firm and price fixation in Duoply when both firms have different elastic Average Revenue and Marginal Revenue curves. (2015)
g. Compare and contrast the equilibrium of the firm under perfect competition and monopolistic competition. (2015)
h. Why Micro and Macro Economics are prerequisite for complete Economic analysis? (2015)
i. Short note: How would you identify the Supply Curve of the firm under Perfect competition in the long run? Explain with graph. & Do you think that a Monopolistic firm can earn unlimited profit by maximizing the price? (2015)
j. Given the profit function of a firm Profit=80X-2X^2-XY-3Y^2+100Y. Using the Lagrange Multiplier Method, find the maximum of the profit function subject to the constraint that X+Y=12
k. Using the Utility Maximization Model show that total price effect is equal to the sum of income and substitution effects. (2014)
l. Differentiate between monopoly and perfect competition. How price and output is determined under monopoly in the short run. (2014)
m. Define and explain the concept of AFC, AVC, ATC, and Marginal Cost with the help of diagram. What is the significance of the point where Marginal Cost is equal to Average Cost? Describe this relation mathematically as well as graphically. (2014)
n. Short note: Consumers and producer surplus, Compensating and Equivalent Variation (2014)[/INDENT]

[B]2. Macroeconomics[/B][INDENT]a. How the concepts of notional aggregate demand (Keynesian) and real aggregate demand (neo-classical), leads to economic fluctuations in the economy. How equilibrium is established in the market under the above approaches? (2018)
b. Analyze three different shapes of Aggregate Supply Curve (Constant, positively sloped and vertical). Explain the role of shifts in Aggregate Demand and their impacts on economy in all three types of Aggregate Supply Curves. Relate such impacts in response to Fiscal policy. (2018)
c. Explain the Lewis Model of Modern-Sector in a Two-Sector Surplus-Labour Economy with graphical analysis. (2017) (see development econ notes)
d. What do you know about 'Demand-Side' Inflation and 'Supply-Side' Inflation? Explain with the help of graphs and briefly explicate the policies to tackle both sides Inflation. (2017)
e. Short note: Personal and disposable income, Consumer price index and producer price index (2016)
f. Explain the inflation and unemployment relationship for pre and post 70s market economy. (2016)
g. Short note: Net domestic and gross domestic product, Multiplier and accelerator. (2016)
h. Explain as how new investment impact on national income under Multiplier effect? Illustrate with table and graph. (2014)
i. Short note: Phillips Curve (2014)[/INDENT]

[B]3. Money and Banking[/B][INDENT]a. State the bases of IS-LM framework (equations &establish equilibrium) and comment whether it is a short run or long run analysis. State bases for your answer. Do you think this approach is still applicable for policy formulation? (2018)
b. Short note: Monetary policy and its tools to control of money supply (2018)
c. How does the IS-LM model allow equilibrium to be shown in both Goods and Money Markets simultaneously? Elucidate with graphs. (2017)
d. Short note: Functions of Central Bank (2017)
e. Deliberate on various theories developed to study the price and money supply relationship. (2016)
f. Discuss the evolution of international monetary systems adopted by the world economies. (2016)
g. Explain as how the process of Creation of Credit Money is adopted in the banks? (2015)
h. Define monetary policy and explain its instruments which control inflation and deflation. (2015)
i. (2014) Given below is the information about money market in a economy (all values in billions). C= Currency in circulation D=Demand Deposits X=Excess Reserves r=reserve requirement on demand deposits=0.05 C/D=0.25 X/D=0.05
i. Calculate the value of the following:
1. Monetary Base
2. M1 Money Supply
3. Money Multiplier
4. Change in Monetary base required to achieve M1=$800[/INDENT]

[B]4. Public Financing[/B][INDENT]a. Discuss major cannons of taxation and their relevance to tax system in Pakistan. Do you think that the tax system in Pakistan is based upon cannons of taxation (restrict your discussion to the application of cannons of taxation)? (2018)
b. Critically examine the performance of fiscal policy adopted in Pakistan overtime. Express your views about the appropriateness of fiscal policy tools applied for the chosen fiscal policy. (2018)
c. What is the concept of Public debt? Explain the dimensions for tackling the debt problems of developing countries like Pakistan. (2017)
d. Short note: Sources of Government Revenue (2017)
e. Use the Keyynesian cross to predict the impact of: (2014)
i. An increase in government purchases.
ii. An increase in taxes
iii. An equal increase in government purchases and taxes
f. Short note: Trends in foreign remittances (2014)[/INDENT]

[B]5. International Trade[/B][INDENT]a. What is Balance of Payment? Point out its major components. Analyze any one years’ BOP of Pakistan. (2018)
b. Express your views about trends in the balance of trade in Pakistan and factors affecting them. How the situation can be made favourable for Pakistan? (2018)
c. Short note: Scope of Import Substitution Strategy in Pakistan (2018)
d. Examine the causes of Balance of Payments problem under Fixed exchange Rate in short-run keeping in view the Neo Classical and Keynesian Analyses. (2017)
e. Highlight and explain changes in direction of trade in recent years. Also explain trends in exports and imports of Pakistan (2017)
f. Short note: Export-led Growth Strategy (2017)
g. Critically evaluate import substitution and export led policies adopted in Pakistan to promote agriculture development. (2016)
h. Explain factors responsible for deterioration of terms of trade for Pakistan. How Pakistan can improve its terms of trade? (2016)
i. Give the causes of deficit in balance of payments in pakistan and suggest measures to correct the adverse balance of trade. (2014)[/INDENT]

[B]6. Economic Growth & Development[/B][INDENT]a. Short note: Balanced and Un-balanced growth theory (2018)
b. Identify and prioritize three factors hindering the economic progress in Pakistan. What measures would you propose for the sustainable growth of the economy? (2018)
c. Short note: Difference between Development and Human Development (2017)
d. Explain the characteristics of Less Developed Countries (LDCs) with particular reference to Pakistan. (2017)
e. Short note: Growth vs. Distribution (2017)
f. Discuss the Rostow's stage of growth with special reference to Pakistan (2016)
g. Faster development leads to environmental degradation. Explain how development can be sustained without degrading the environment? (2016)
h. 'Domestic resource development is a strategy of economic development'. Discuss as how industrial development is helpful to achieve that goal? (2015)
i. Do you think as how modern approach of economic development is in accordance with the human welfare? (2015)
j. Short note: economic growth (2015)
k. Discuss the common characteristics of developing countries like Pakistan. (2014)[/INDENT]

[B]7. Planning in Pakistan[/B][INDENT]a. Critically evaluate the economic planning strategy of Pakistan. What policy measures would you suggest for sound economic planning? Discuss. (2017)
b. "Economy without planning is like a ship having no destination." Comment. (2015)[/INDENT]

[B]8. Agricultural and Industrial sector problems and development[/B][INDENT]a. Agriculture’s share in GDP and employment in Pakistan has reduced over time. Express your views about this decline in the light of the experience of some developed countries in the world. (2018)
b. Elaborate the difference between agricultural development and rural development. What are the limitations of agricultural and rural development policies of Pakistan? Discuss. (2017)
c. Explain the major monetary and fiscal measure taken in Pakistan for industrial development for the last 20 years. (2017)
d. Critically evaluate major monetary and fiscal measures taken in Pakistan to promote agriculture development. (2016)
e. How agriculture development is based on 'Green Revolution'? Discuss as how it brought revolutionary changes in agricultural development? (2015)
f. Define Agriculture price policy and its kinds. What are the objectives of agriculture price policy in developing countries like Pakistan. (2014)
g. Explain the major monetary and fiscal measures to promote industrial development. (2014)
h. What is the difference between collective and cooperative farming? Explain the advantages and causes of failure of cooperative farming. (2014)[/INDENT]
[B]9. Privatization, denationalization, deregulation[/B][INDENT]a. Specifically describe the history of nationalization, denationalization and privatization in Pakistan. Why denationalization of the nationalized organizations became inevitable in Pakistan? (2018)
b. Delineate the difference among privatization, deregulation and decentralization. Evaluate the experience of Pakistan in privatization. (2017)
c. Present a detailed account of Pakistan's experience of privatization process. (2016)
d. "Public sector enterprises are white elephant for the economy." Discuss as how privatization can play a positive role to address this issue? (2015)
e. Short note: Privatization Policy (2014)[/INDENT]

[B]10. Interest free banking[/B][INDENT]a. Has interest-free banking been successful in Pakistan? Highlight the weaknesses and strengths of interest-free banking in Pakistan. (2016)[/INDENT]
[B]11. Energy policy[/B][INDENT]a. Short note: Government Efforts to address Energy Crisis in Pakistan (2018)
b. Short note: Energy Crisis in Pakistan (2017)
c. Energy crisis in Pakistan has slowed down the growth process in Pakistan. In your opinion, how the energy shortage can be overcome? (2016)[/INDENT]
[B]
12. Other Major issues in Pakistan economy[/B][INDENT]a. What are the causes of over time worsened income distribution in Pakistan? Give some practicable options to overcome poverty and income inequalities in the country. (2018)
b. Short note: Climate Change Challenges for the economy of Pakistan (2018)
c. Short note: Difference between Income Inequality and Poverty (2017)
d. How Lorenz Curve measures the poverty and income inequalities? Discuss critically. (2015)
e. Short note: Poverty Line, Basic need approach for poverty alleviation. (2015)
f. Differentiate Absolute Poverty and Relative Poverty. Explain the poverty reduction strategies in Pakistan. (2014)
[/INDENT][/QUOTE]
Compendable effort!
Can you point out the exact topic that comes under the heading of "partial and general equilibrium analysis (basic level) theory of firm" in the microeconomics section of the syllabus.
and, how much did you score in economics?

Naveed Aman Safi Sunday, August 29, 2021 03:34 PM

Thank you so much for sharing this.

Also, can you suggest how to go about preparing this subject, the sources and books.

brownkriss Monday, October 04, 2021 04:51 PM

Nice sharing i like this information this is very great topic.


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