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DISCLAIMER: I'm going to state some events and I don't know if they count as 'factors' but these were the events that were most crucial in development of IR. If this answer is wrong somehow, feel free to correct me, I might learn something new that way.

Factors crucial for development:

1: Thirty years war and Peace of Weatphalia

Thirty years war gave us arguably the first modern statesman in Richelieu who maneuvered France to get out the most gains in pure geopolitical terms. Peace of Westphalia ensured states started respecting each other's sovereignty vis a vis religion

2: Machiavelli's Prince and Hobbes's Leviathan

These were some of the first texts that actively sought out to teach rulers and people how governance should be done and had a great deal of impact on how states interacted with each other

3: Council of Europe and Metternich

Council of Europe was the first of its kind international organization that sought to solve the problems diplomatically rather than through wars. During this time Metternich, the foreign minister of Austria-Hungary was a key figure in European Politics and worked behind the scenes to ensure that interests of Austria-Hungary be given a priority

4: German Unification and Bismarck

There's a popular phrase I read somewhere once, "Peace of Westphalia ensured that there will be Balance of Power in European Politics, German unification destroyed that balance." German Unification caused the emergence of a power greater than all European states right in the middle of the continent. This caused European powers to resort to the classic alliance system and trying to restore balance of power. This era also gave us the first archetypal Realist in Bismarck

5: World War 1, Rise of Idealism, the first communist revolution and rise of behaviorism

World War 1 was to be the 'war to end all wars' but it turned out to be a total train wreck for each country involved. The war changed the European politics drastically as existing nations were broken, new nations were formed, powers were severely weakened. During this time, US president Woodrow Wilson attempted to bring all parties tovether under League of Nations and tried to promote cooperation among nations, this was the first proper attempt at idealism or liberalism as we now call it today. World War 1 also saw the communist revolution in Russia, this event was to change the world greatly for the entirety of twentieth century as it led an agrarian society to becoming a space faring superpower within the span of 30-35 years. It also laid the ground work for the future Cold War that wreaked havoc across the world. The 30s also saw the rise of behaviorism(not going to state definition or details here) and the birth of second great debate in IR

5: World War 2

If World War 1 saw the rise of liberalism, advent of World War 2 showed its destruction. (I'm not going to go into details of the war here, no matter how interesting it was). The end of the war saw the rise of Realism as the dominant ideology in international relations with authors like Carr and Morgenthau leading the line against liberal ideology.

6: Cold War and UN

(I don't think I need to sayis a anything about these two as they're already well known to everyone here)

7: End of Colonialism

The end of colonialism saw the emergence of countless new states across the world and the international relations between states changed drastically.

8: Waltz, Structural Realism and Rise of NeoLiberalism

Kenneth Waltz's ground breaking book Man, the state and war shifted the course of IR fundamentally. It also gave way to new theories like Mearshimer's offensive realism and rise of neoliberalism, a new brand of liberalism that differed a lot from classical liberalism and was closer in many respects to realism than liberalism.

9: End of Cold war and fall of Iron curtain

(Again, not going to detail specifics of the two events) Fall for Soviet Union saw the first instance in history where there was a true global hegemon(US), it also saw rise of countless new theories like End of History and Clash of Civilizations that were although discredited later but were still highly influential at the time.

10: Rise of Asian powers(China, India)

(again, not going to detail the two as they're recent enough for everyone to know the details of)

This was all I could think of. There is a high chance that maybe I'm wrong. Feel free to correct me, I'm always up for learning something new.

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