shoNa i used these book only for preparation of organic chemistry ,for remaining portion of the chemistry like physical etc i have other books . you can take my id from my profile


In organic chemistry a diene or diolefin is a hydrocarbon that contains two carbon double bonds. Dienes occur occasionally in nature. Conjugated dienes are widely used as monomers in the polymer industry.dienes are aromatic hydrocarbons ( which carry at least single benzene ring in its structure ).
Petroleum (also known as crude oil or simply oil) is a fossil fuel that was formed from the remains of ancient marine organisms. petroleum are too aromatic hydrocarbons
Chemistry
Crude oil is composed of hydrocarbons, which are mainly hydrogen (about 13% by weight) and carbon (about 85%). Other elements such as nitrogen (about 0.5%), sulfur (0.5%), oxygen (1%), and metals such as iron, nickel, and copper (less than 0.1%) can also be mixed in with the hydrocarbons in small amounts.
The way molecules are organized in the hydrocarbon is a result of the original composition of the algae, plants, or plankton from millions of years ago. The amount of heat and pressure the plants were exposed to also contributes to variations that are found in hydrocarbons and crude oil.

relation between diene and petroleum
Aliphatic unsaturated hydrocarbons, like olefins and diolefins,
are formed during both thermal and catalytic cracking of heavy
petroleum fractions.

shoNa and other members you prepare your notes of chapter alkanes, alkenes and alkynes . when you complete this chapter then tell me i give you a test and you too give a test which may be from past paper or may be reasoning then we see,, k hum kitny pani men hen ?, i thing in this way we will prepare our chemistry in best way

petroleum is a complex mixture of organic compounds most of which are alkanes and aromatic hydrocarbons also contains small amount of oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur containing compounds

paper 2 maybe... paper 1 seems easy(2015), what do i need to cover paper two.. it seems quite difficult to me

chemistry is not very tough subject on the other hand it is very interesting but it demand your full concentration and again and again repetition . with planning you can tackle this subject very easily and it will prove bless for you in exam INSHAALLAH. the problems in this subject which create hurdles in your way of preparation you can ask i will solve these problems at my level best INSHAALLAH

this is excellent website for alkanes and cycloalkanes

https://www.khanacademy.org/science/...s-cycloalkanes

Briefly outline the subtopic of chem 2....
Chp5 aliphatic nucleophilic substitution and elimination
Chp 3. Aromatic compound
JazAkAllah

shona first of all prepare chapter 3- aromatic compound thoroughly i will also participate in this after this we start chapter alkyle halide mean nucleophilic substitution and elemination are you agree

Yar ye start kia hua...an khtm krna h
Chp3 k bare me btaye kal start kro ge

Chem or botany ka kitne % syllabus change hua h? Is it worth reviewing past papers