Aslam o alikum....need suitable link or material for
UV visible
IR
NMr
Mass spectroscopy ….......

JazakAllah

sorry for late reply now i am pasting my work with in two to three days i will complete my work INSHALLAH PASTE FULL WORK IN pieces
spectroscopy
The branch of science concerned with the investigation and measurement of spectra produced when matter interacts with or emits electromagnetic radiation.

OR
Definition:

Spectroscopy is the analysis of the interaction between matter and any portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. Traditionally, spectroscopy involved the visible spectrum of light, but x-ray, gamma, and UV spectroscopy also are valuable analytical techniques.
Spectroscopy may involve any interaction between light and matter, including absorption, emission, scattering, etc.
what is electromagnetic spectrum.
The electromagnetic spectrum is the range of all possible frequencies of electromagnetic radiation. The "electromagnetic spectrum" of an object has a different meaning, and is instead the characteristic distribution of electromagnetic radiation emitted or absorbed by that particular object
OR
The electromagnetic spectrum is the distribution of electromagnetic radiation according to energy (or equivalently,according to frequency or wavelength).
electromagnetic radiation
(EM radiation or EMR) is the radiant energy released by certain electromagnetic processes for example visible light is an example of electromagnetic radiation
OR radiation os prpagation and transfer of energy which take place as awave motion without transfer of matter.
electromagnetic radiation can be charactrised in defferents ways using different parameters which are explained below
electromagnetic radiation can be charactrised in defferents ways using different parameters which are explained below
1- wavelenth
2- frequency
3-wavenumber
4-energy
1- wavelenth
Wavelength is the distancebetween identical points in the adjacent cycles of a waveform . or it is a destance between two adjent crust or troughs of the wave in beam of electromagnetic radiation . following units are use for wavelenght
*angsrom ,
*nanometer
*micrometer and meter
it is denoted by lemda
2- frequency
Number of events in a given unit of time. When describing a moving wave, means the number of peaks which would pass a stationary point in a given amount of time. it also define as number of wave passing through fixed point its unit is herts or cycle per second . it denoted by neu

soon paste more work

organic spectroscopy by Pavia is the best book.

i have notes on these topics but in hard copy form i will convert them in soft copy soon

NMR spectroscopy
1. Background
Over the past fifty years nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, commonly referred to as nmr, has become the preeminent technique for determining the structure of organic compounds. Of all the spectroscopic methods, it is the only one for which a complete analysis and interpretation of the entire spectrum is normally expected. Although larger amounts of sample are needed than for mass spectroscopy, nmr is non-destructive, and with modern instruments good data may be obtained from samples weighing less than a milligram. To be successful in using nmr as an analytical tool, it is necessary to understand the physical principles on which the methods are based

deffinition
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, most commonly known as NMR spectroscopy, is a research technique that exploits the magnetic properties of certain atomic nuclei. It determines the physical and chemical properties of atoms or the molecules in which they are contained. It relies on the phenomenon of nuclear magnetic resonance and can provide detailed information about the structure, dynamics, reaction state, and chemical environment of molecules. The intramolecular magnetic field around an atom in a molecule changes the resonance frequency, thus giving access to details of the electronic structure of a molecule.
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)
is a physical phenomenon in which nuclei in a magnetic field absorb and re-emit electromagnetic radiation. This energy is at a specific resonance frequency which depends on the strength of the magnetic field and the magnetic properties of the isotope of the atoms; in practical applications, the frequency is similar to VHF and UHF television broadcasts (60–1000 MHz). NMR allows the observation of specific quantum mechanical magnetic properties of the atomic nucleus
important note

The nuclei of many elemental isotopes have a characteristic spin (I). Some nuclei have integral spins (e.g. I = 1, 2, 3 ....), some have fractional spins (e.g. I = 1/2, 3/2, 5/2 ....), and a few have no spin, I = 0 (e.g. 12C, 16O, 32S, ....). Isotopes of particular interest and use to organic chemists are 1H, 13C, 19F and 31P, all of which have I = 1/2. Since the analysis of this spin state is fairly straightforward, our discussion of nmr will be limited to these and other I = 1/2 nuclei
The following features lead to the nmr phenomenon
1. A spinning charge generates a magnetic field, as shown by the animation on the right.
The resulting spin-magnet has a magnetic moment (μ) proportional to the spin.

2. In the presence of an external magnetic field (B0), two spin states exist, +1/2 and -1/2.
The magnetic moment of the lower energy +1/2 state is aligned with the external field, but that of the higher energy -1/2 spin state is opposed to the external field. Note that the arrow representing the external field points North.
3. The difference in energy between the two spin states is dependent on the external magnetic field strength, and is always very small. The following diagram illustrates that the two spin states have the same energy when the external field is zero, but diverge as the field increases. At a field equal to Bx a formula for the energy difference is given (remember I = 1/2 and μ is the magnetic moment of the nucleus in the field).
Strong magnetic fields are necessary for nmr spectroscopy. The international unit for magnetic flux is the tesla (T). The earth's magnetic field is not constant, but is approximately 10-4 T at ground level. Modern nmr spectrometers use powerful magnets having fields of 1 to 20 T. Even with these high fields, the energy difference between the two spin states is less than 0.1 cal/mole. To put this in perspective, recall that infrared transitions involve 1 to 10 kcal/mole and electronic transitions are nearly 100 time greater.
For nmr purposes, this small energy difference (ΔE) is usually given as a frequency in units of MHz (106 Hz), ranging from 20 to 900 Mz, depending on the magnetic field strength and the specific nucleus being studied. Irradiation of a sample with radio frequency (rf) energy corresponding exactly to the spin state separation of a specific set of nuclei will cause excitation of those nuclei in the +1/2 state to the higher -1/2 spin state. Note that this electromagnetic radiation falls in the radio and television broadcast spectrum. Nmr spectroscopy is therefore the energetically mildest probe used to examine the structure of molecules.
The nucleus of a hydrogen atom (the proton) has a magnetic moment μ = 2.7927, and has been studied more than any other nucleus
4. For spin 1/2 nuclei the energy difference between the two spin states at a given magnetic field strength will be proportional to their magnetic moments. For the four common nuclei noted above, the magnetic moments are: 1H μ = 2.7927, 19F μ = 2.6273, 31P μ = 1.1305 & 13C μ = 0.7022. These moments are in nuclear magnetons, which are 5.05078•10-27 JT-1. The following diagram gives the approximate frequencies that correspond to the spin state energy separations for each of these nuclei in an external magnetic field of 2.35 T. The formula in the colored box shows the direct correlation of frequency (energy difference) with magnetic moment (h = Planck's constant = 6.626069•10-34 Js).
theory

a major question arise?- Why does NMR work? This module will begin by developing the concept of nuclear spin then moving into a discussion about energy levels and the relative populations and the interactions of a nucleus with the magnetic field.
Nuclear Spin Origins
. Electrons are subatomic particles which have spin intrinsic to them. The nucleus is not much different. Spin is just another form of angular momentum. The nucleus consists of protons and neutrons and neutrons and protons are comprised of subatomic particles known as quarks and gluons. The neutron has 2 quarks with a -e/3 charge and one quark with a +2e/3 charge resulting in a total charge of 0. The proton however, has 2 quarks with +2e/3 charge and only one quark with a -e/3 charge giving it a net positive charge. Both protons and neutrons are spin=1/2.
remaining portion of this question i will paste soon INSHAALLAH

shona if you don't mind then give me your email id because these notes also contain important diagrams and i am unable to paste diagram in notes on cssforum so if i have your id i will send you directly

i want ur help in css 2015 paper 11 will u help please

please tell me according to question no of 3 (b) foolowing merits in polymers

i m waiting asma mehwish i need ur help please help me in chemistry subject it ll be the great abundance for me

Sonya.hussain12@gmail.com

__________________
Me ne apne iraado ke tootney se Allah ko pehchana h... (Hazrat Ali)