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History of Five-Year Plans (1947-1955; 1955-60)
-After Independence, Pak was facing socioeco & administrative, population, production, transportation, education problems & was lagging behind in every field.
-PM Liaquat presented plan on 8 July, 1958 in parliament, concived by Malik GM.

Features
-SBP established for economic development to give kick start banking service in pak
-economic infrastructure was expanded, devising own currency

Impacts
-In middle of 50, indopak relations restored when indopak began expoert trade once again, India recognized the currency of pak but the older relations were not restored.
-After assassination of PM Liaquat in oct, 1951 program failed due to lack of energetic staff
-in 1951 to 52 -shortage of clothes, grain, medicine and program collapsed
-in 1952 to 53 – monsoon floods & PM Khuwaja Nazimudin was forced to end the programme after sending his request for economic assistance from US & neighboring countries.

Reassessment & collectiveness
-in 1955, new studies were again conducted after the collapse of 1st programme.
-acc to cencus-90% population were living in rural areas, 10% urban, east pak was entirely rural as compare to west, though urbanization had been on accelerating level.
-in 1955, Mohd Ali Bogra again revived the plan that published in 1956.

Features of 1956 plan
-agriculture development in east & west (less developed area) pak
-PM Suhrawardy of Awami League gave much priority to food, agri, farming & social development in both states.

Result
-Practically, was not implemented on account of lack of foreign exchange of Awami League, physical & personal assistance, shortage of knowledge etc..
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2nd Five-Year Plans (1960-1965)
-Despite the failure of 1st plan, 2nd was revived & restated by the military govt Pr. Ayub Khan

Features
-highest priority to industrial development, advancement in science, literature, railway, communication, transport, agricultural industries, increase national income by 20%.

Result
-unemployment was tackled by industrialaiton
-industrial development in was carried out in west pak & while few in east pak
-provide opportunity for enterprises and private sector to invest for economic development
-financial services mainly depended on the foreign investment & aid from USA for eco improvement
-Thus, it was successful plan on account of foreign aid, particularly from USA
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3rd Five-Year Plans (1965-1970)
-After inodpak war of 1995 on Kashmir, the level of foreign assistance declined & economic constrains were imposed on pak.

Features
-3rd plan was same as the second but with the modest changes
-It encouraged the private sector for investments , it focused on the groth of GNP which was increased 122% & focused on enhancing the capabilities of private sector to operate in the pak

Result
-In the beginning of 3 years it becamse successful, but in the end of the years due to “proclaimed production goals” it disappointed.
-It caused economic disaster, agriculture & farming declined
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4th Five-Year Plans (1970-1975)
-was abandoned after the fall of Dhaka, was bypassed by ZA Bhutto, only annual plans were prepared and they were mainly ignored. Moreover, he replaced the programme with nationalization programme
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5th Five-Year Plans (1978-1986)
- initiated in zia period

Features
-To stabilize economy, improve the living slandered of the poor population. Increase defense expenditure and flood refugees after USSR invasion in Afghan in 1979. (international oil prize increased)
- Controls on industries were liberalized or abolished, the balance of payments deficit kept under control. Hence, pak became self-sufficient in basic foodstuff with exception of edible oils.

Result
- failed to boost private industrial investment though some national plan’s goals were attained. Due to invest on rural, the infrastructure developed. Moreover, pak managed to stock the food.
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Sixth Five-Year Plan (1983-88)

Features
-shift toward the private sector, to tackle major problem of economy: low investment & saving ratios; low agriculture productivity; heavy reliance on energy; and low investment on education & health.

Result
- Economy grew at the targeted average of 6.5% during the plan period and would have exceeded the target if it had not been for severe droughts in 1986 and 1987.
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Seventh Five-Year Plan (1988-93)
- For totally public sector spending

Features
- provided for total public sector spending Rs350 billio
- 36.5% was designated for energy
- 18% for transportation & communications
- 9% for water
- 8% for physical infrastructure and housing
- 7% for education,
- 5% for industry and minerals
- 4% for health
- 11% for other sectors
- Much emphasis on the private sector as compare to previous plannings
- Total planned private investment was Rs292 billion
- Ration: Private 42 & Public 58

Result
-better for public sector
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Eight Five Year Plans (1993-98)
- In late 1992, was submitted the report by industrialists, presidents of chambers of commerce & Senior Civil Servants
- However, in early 1994 had not been announced due to successive changing of govt 1993 & was forced on short term issues. Instead, economic policy for FY 1994 was being guided by an annual plan.
- From june 2004, the planning commission gave a new name to the five year plan with (MTDF) Medium Term Development Framework. 32 working groups then produced the MTDF (2005-2010)

(MTDF) Medium Term Development Framework
- is a policy measures programme, drafted by MoF, economic coordination committee & the planning commission of pak. Formulated to strengthen the national economy & infrastructure.
- In 2005, was drafted & launched by PM Shaukat Aziz
- -“to turn the country into major industrialized nation” to increase human development & achieve MDGs”.
- Emphasized macroeconomic connected development of science, IT, human resources, education, taxation & financial development
- The programme traced back to 2001, when economic coordination committee working under Aziz and it began to research the development of 10 year programme & adopted the concept of 3 year rolling plans. Hence, the recommendations were prepared taking in consideration of the sanction imposed on pak in 1988, until the economy began to recover in 2001.
- Thus, finally, on 1st June, 2014, the programme became part of official policy on 5th March, 2005.
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~I compiled it from the developing countries, hence, the developing countries of plans can be resembled with Pakistan

Urbanization:
According to Mitchell urbanisation is a process of becoming urban, moving to cities, changing from agriculture to other pursuits common to cities.

Causes of Urbanization:
Various reasons have led to the growth of cities. They are as follows:

i. Industrialization:
Industrialization is a major cause of urbanization. It has expanded the employment opportunities. Rural people have migrated to cities on account of better employment opportunities.

ii. Social factors:
Many social factors such as attraction of cities, better standard of living, better educational facilities, need for status also induce people to migrate to cities.

iii. Employment opportunities:
In rural sector people have to depend mainly on agriculture for their livelihood. But Indian agriculture is depending on monsoon. In drought situations or natural calamities, rural people have to migrate to cities.

iv. Modernization:
Urban areas are characterized by sophisticated technology better infrastructure, communication, medical facilities, etc. People feel that they can lead a comfortable life in cities and migrate to cities.

Rural urban transformation:
It is an interesting aspect that not only cities are growing in number but rural community is adopting urban culture, no longer rural communities are retaining their unique rural culture. Rural people are following the material culture of urban people. Urban rural transformation can be observed in the following areas.

Spread of education:
The literacy rate has increased among the rural people. They have become more modernised.

i. Change in Dress habits.
ii. Adoption of modern Technology
iii. Enlightenment of women.
iv. Modern transport and communication. E.g.: Cell phones have become common even among rural people.
v. Active involvement in politics.
vi. Growth of infrastructure like Banks, Post office.
vii. Awareness among rural consumers.
viii. Increasing demand for sophisticated products like cosmetics etc.
Thus it can be noticed that there are significant changes in the life style of village people. Indian villages have adopted urban culture and urban style of living. However, all villages in India are not transformed. Only certain villages situated close to the cities have been transformed.

Effect of Urbanisation:
With a high rate of urbanization significant changes have taken place. The effect of urbanisation can be summed up as follows:

Positive effect:
i. Migration of rural people to urban areas.
ii. Employment opportunities in urban centres.
iii. Transport and communication facilities.
iv. Educational facilities.
v. Increase in the standard of living.
Urbanization can yield positive effects if it takes place up to a desirable limit. Extensive urbanisation or indiscriminate growth of cities may result in adverse effects. They may be as follows:

Negative Effects:
i. Problem of over population:
Concentration of population is a major problem of cities. It has resulted in accommodation problem, growth of slums etc.
ii. Disintegration of Joint family:
Joint family can’t be maintained in cities on account of high cost of living: People prefer to live in the nuclear type of families.
iii. Cost of living:
High cost of living is a major problem of cities. In Metro cities like Karachi, Lahore etc. it is very difficult for lower income groups to maintain a decent standard of living.
iv. Increase in Crime rates:
Urban centres are known for high rate of crimes. Theft, Dacoity, Murder, Cheating, Pick pocketing, rape etc. are common in urban centres.
v. Impersonal relations:
Urban centres are characterised by highly secondary relations. The concept of neighbourhood, community life are almost absent in cities. Urban life is highly monotonous. This may have an adverse psychological effect on individuals. People are often self centred and they have no concern for the fellow human beings.
vi. Problem of Pollution:
In industrialized cities pollution is a major problems. It may be caused by industries or by excessive movement of vehicles.
viii. Stress:
Urban life is characterised by stress which may even strain family relations. In cities employment of women is almost inevitable to meet the increasing cost of living. Changing role of women in the family creates stress in the family which may result in divorce or strained relations.
Thus urbanisation has its own merits and de-merits. Urbanization can’t be avoided. But the negative effect of urbanization can be minimised.
iX. Water & waste Disposal Problem:
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  #20  
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Thanks a ton for this.
May I ask the source of your research? Just wondering
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