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Indo-Pak: Administrative and Agrarian Terms.
GLOSSARY OF ADMINISTRTIVE AND AGRARIAN TERMS Ain: State laws as distinguished from the laws of the Shariah. Akhurbek: Master of the horse. Alai tanka: The tanka (silver or gold coin) of Ala-ud-Din Khilji. Alamatha-e-Sultani: Insignia of royality. Amil: Revenue Officre. Amir: Commander, the third highest official grade of the Delhi sultanate. Amir-e-Dad: Officer incharge of Justice, the public prosecutor. Amir-e-Akhur: Amir or officer commanding the horse. Amir-e-Hajib: Officer incharge of the royal court, also called Barbek in Turkish. Amir-e-Koh: Officer incharge of agriculture. Amir-e-Shikar: Officer incharge of the royal hunt. Ariz: Officer incharge of the muster, equipment of the soldiers and their horses. Arz-e-Mamalik: Minister incharge of the army of the whole country. Barek: Officer incharge of the royal court also called Amir-e-Hajib in Persian. Bari: Intelligence officer appointed by the state to collect information. Barid-e-Mamalik: Head of the state Intelligence Service. Dabir: Secretary. Dabir-e-Mamalik: Chief secretary for the whole kingdom. Dagh: Mark of branding. Diwan: Officer, the central secretariat. Diwan-e-Arz: Officer of the ministry of war. Diwan-e-Insha: Officer of the chief secretary. Diwan-e-Riyasat: Officer of the minister of trade and commerce. Diwan-e-Wizarat: Officer of collecting taxes. Doab: Land between the Jamuna and the Ganga. Fatwa: A legal decision, a decision according to the Shariah or religious law. Faujdar: Commander of an army unit. Haqq-e-Shurb: Water right, profits from canal irrigation. Hukm-e-Hasith: Assessment of land revenue according to produce. Hukm-e-Masahat: Assessment of land revenue according to measurement. Hukm-e-Mushahida: Assessment of land revenue by inspection only. Iqtadar: Governor, a person in whose charge an iqta has been place. Jagir: A piece of land assigned to a government officer by the state. Jitals: Copper coins of the Delhi Sultanate. Jeziah: Has two meanings (1). In the literature of Delhi Sultanate, any tax which is not Hiraj or Land Tax. (2). In the Shariah, a personal and yearly tax on non-Muslims. Karkhana: Royal factory or enterprise, they were of two kinds (1). Rabti, for looking after animals (2). Ghair-Rabti, for producing commodities required by the state. Khalisa: Land controlled directly by the king and not assigned to any landlord or officer. Khan: (1). In the Delhi Sultanate, the highest group of officers of state. (2). Amond the Mongols and Turks, the highest independent ruler. Khidmat: Service due. Khiraj: Land revenue, also tribute paid by a subordinate ruler. Khuts: Class of village headmen. Madad-e-Mash: Grant of land on pension to religious or deserving persons. Majlis-e-Khas: A meeting of a King and his high officer. Majlis-e-khalwat: A confidential and secret meeting of the King and his high officres. Mal: Money, revenue, land revenue. Malik: Honor, proprietor, in the Delhi Sultanate it meant the second highest grade of officer below khan and above Amir. Malik Naib: Regent of the king, an officer authorized to act on behalf of the king. Muhtasib: An officer appointed to maintain law and order in a municipality. Muqaddam: Village headman, literally the first or senior man. Muqta: Governor, person incharge of an iqta or a medieval province. Mushrif-e-Mamalik: Accountant for all provinces. Mushrif-e-Mamlikat: Accountant for the whole kingdom. Mustaufi-e-Mamalik: Auditor for the whole kingdom. Naib-e-Arz: Minister of war, of deputy of minister of war. Naib-e-Barbek: Deputy Barbek, (officer incharge of the royal court). Naib-e-Mamlakat: Regent or the King’s representative for the whole kingdom, authorized to act on behalf of the king. Naib-e-Mulk: Regent of the kingdom. Naib-e-Wazir: Deputy of the Wazir. Qazi-e-Mamalik: The Qazi or the Judge for the whole country. Qazi-ul-Qazza: The Qazi of Qazis, the Chief Justice. Sadr-e-Jahan: Title for the central officer of the Delhi Sultanate, who was incharge of religious and charitable endowments. Sera-e-Adl: Name given to Ala-ud-Din Khilji’s Market in Delhi for the sale of cloth and other specified commodities. Shashgani: A small silver coin equal to six jitals or copper coins. Shamshi: Pertaining to Sultan Shams-ud-Din Iltumish. Shiqdar: Officer incharge of land measuring a shiq. Shunha-e-Mandi: Officer incharge of the grain market. Sipahsalar: Commander of the troops. Tanka: Silver coin of the Delhi Sultanate. Zabita: A secular rule or law made by the state. ______________________Good Luck___________________________
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