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[B][U]Periods of Islamic History in India[/U][/B]
Period of Early Islamic Conquests
The Delhi Sultanate
The Mughal Empire
India After the British

[B]Period of Early Islamic Conquests[/B]711 to 1206 CE
Dawn of Islam in India?
Islam was First Introduced in India on the Malabar Coast in 617 CE
King Charawati Farma, traveled to Mecca to meet the Prophet Muhammad (SAW).
Embraced Islam but dies on his way back in Zafar, Yemen. His entourage comes back to India and spreads Islam.
[B]Muhammad ibn Qasim[/B]
667 CE: 1st Governor of Sind appointed by Umayyad Caliph Mu’awiah.
710 CE: Sindhi Pirates plunder 8 vessels bearing gifts from King of Ceylon to the Caliph (al-Walid)
711 CE: A small army under Muhammad ibn Qasim dispatched by Hajjaj ibn Yusuf the viceroy of Eastern Provinces.
[B]The First Local Dynasty[B][/B][/B]
730 CE: al-Mansura, the first Muslim city founded near Shahdadpur on the banks of river Sind.
751 CE: 1st Abbasid governor of the Indus Valley
850 CE: Multan, founded as the capital of the Islamic state of the Indus Valley.
[B]Mahmud of Ghazni’s Raids[/B]
962 CE: Alptgin founds the Ghaznavid dynasty based in Ghazna (Afghanistan).
998 CE: Abul Qasim Mahmud of Ghazni becomes Sultan of Ghazni and Hindustan.
1001 to 1029 CE: Mahmud of Ghazni raids India more than 17 times in retaliation to Jaipal’s invasion
[B]Ghaznavids continued….[/B]
1024 CE: Temple of Somnath, were several Rajahs and chieftains were taking refuge, was destroyed.
1140 CE: Principality of Ghour declares independence from Sultans of Ghazna.
1186 CE: Ghaznavid rule ends with Ghourid conquest of Ghazna
[B]Ghourid Dynasty[/B]
1186 CE: Ghurid Sultans, begin the rule of NW India.
1193 CE: Bihar and Bengal conquered by Gourid general Bhaktiyar Khilji
1193 CE: Battle of Tarain, Prithviraj Chauhan defeated by Shahab ad-din Ghouri, most of north India under Ghourid empire.
1194 CE: Gujrat conquered under the command of Qutb ad-Din Aybak
[B]Ghourids[/B]
Mausoleum of Muhammad Shahab ad-Din Ghouri in Ghour, Afghanistan
1195 CE: Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti arrives in India. Converts thousands of Hindus. (Islamic Preachers) [Sufis]
[B][U]The Delhi Sultanate[/U][/B]1206 to 1526 CE
[B]Sultans of Delhi[/B]
Mamluk (or Shamsi Slave dynasty) 1211 to 1290 CE
Khilji dynasty 1290 to 1320 CE
Tughlaq Dynasty 1320 to 1412 CE
Sayyid Dynasty 1412 to 1451 CE
Lodhi Dynasty 1451 to 1526 CE
Suri Dynasty 1540 to 1555 CE
[B]Mamluk or Slave Dynasty[/B]
1206 CE: Qutb ad-Din Aybak proclaims himself “Sultan” at Lahore.
1210 CE: Ali Mardin, governor of Bengal declares Bengal Independent and assumes the title of Sultan.
1211 CE: Iltutmish becomes the First Sultan of Hindustan.
1233 to 1240 CE: Razia Sultana binte Iltutmish becomes the First & only Muslim woman ruler of India.
1266 to 1287 CE: Ghias ad-Din Balban is Sultan of Delhi.
1290 CE: End of the Slave or Mamluk dynasty
[B]Khilji Dynasty[/B]
1293 to 1296 CE: Ala ad-Din Khilji conquers Deccan
1296 CE: Ala ad-Din Khilji is the First muslim ruler to control the whole of India.
1296 to 1308 CE: Several Mongol invasions pushed back by the Khiljis
1310 CE: Poet Amir Khusrow writes Tarikh Ilahi
1320 CE: End of Khilji dynasty
[B]Tughlaq Dynasty [/B]
1320 CE: Ghias ad-Din Tughlaq restores the Delhi sultanate after 4 years of Anarchy.
1325-1351 CE: Muhammad bin Tughlaq becomes Sultan.
1334-1341 CE : ibn Battuta the great Muslim traveler, comes to India and serves as magistrate of Delhi
1326 CE: Sultan Muhammad relocates his capital from Delhi to Deogiri (Daulatabad), back to Delhi 3 years later.
1347 CE: Amir Hasan declares himself independent in Deccan and founds the Bahmani dynasty
[B]Timur’s Invasion [/B]
1398 CE: Timur the Lame of Samarkhand invades Delhi and defeats the Sultan of Delhi
Delhi Sultante in disarray after Timur’s return.
1412 CE: End of Tughlaq dynasty.
1414 CE: Khizr Khan, the governor of Timur ascends the throne of Delhi, beginning of the Sayyid dynasty.
1414 to 1451 CE: The Sayyid Dynasty
[B]Lodhi Dynasty [/B]
1484 to 1492 CE: Fragmentation of Bahmani Sultanate of Deccan.
Independent Sultanates of Bijapur (1489), Ahmadnagar (1490), Golkonda (1490), Berar (1490) and Bidar (1492) formed.
1504 CE: Sikander Lodhi moves his capital from Delhi to Agra
1526 CE: Babur invades India on invitation, defeats Ibrahim Lodhi at the First Battle of Panipat.
End of Lodhi dynasty, end of the Delhi Sultanante
[B][U]The Mughal Empire[/U][/B]1526 to 1857 CE
[B]Babur[/B]
Mughal Dynastic rule established by Babur, with his capital at Agra. Styled as Shehanshah (King of Kings)
Babur is a great-great grandson of Timur the Lame.
1526 CE: Rajput forces under Rana Sanga defeated at the Battle of Kanwaha
1529 CE: Afghan forces of Bihar and Bengal defeated at the Battle of Gogra.
1530 CE: Death of Babur, buried at Kabul
[B]Humayun[/B]
1530 CE: Humayun becomes the Mughal Emperor on the death of his father Babur.
1540–1555 CE: Humayun in Exile as the Suri dynasty of Sher Shah Sur of Bihar assumed power.
1555 CE: After 15 years in exile, Humayun defeats the Afghan forces at the Battle of Sirhind and recaptures power.
1556 CE: death of Humayun at the age of 49, he is buried at Delhi
[B]Akbar the Great[/B]
1556 CE: Akbar becomes the Mughal ruler at age 13, with Bahram Khan as regent.
1556 CE: Afghan forces defeated at the 2nd Battle of Panipat. Mughals recapture Delhi, Agra, Gwalior, Ajmer, Jaunpur.
1567 CE: Fort of Chittor captured from the Rajputs
1576 CE: Rajputs defeated again at the Battle of Haldighat. Akbar marries Jodha Bai a rajput princess.
1582 CE: Akbar proclaims Deen-e-Ilahi, an amalgam of many religious beliefs.
[B]Jahangir[/B]
1605 CE: Jahangir son of Akbar becomes the Mughal Emperor.
1611 CE: Marries Nur Jahan, who acted as queen regent. Her name appeared with Jahangir on Mughal Coins.
1624 CE: death of Reformer Shaykh Ahmad Sirhindi “Mujaddid Alfa-Sani” (1562 to 1624)
1627 CE: death of Jahangir. Buried at Lahore, Pakistan.
[B]Shah Jahan[/B]
1627 CE: Shah Jahan becomes the Mughal Emperor.
1631 CE: death of Mumtaz Mahal the wife of Shah Jahan. The construction of Taj mahal begins in her memory.
1644 CE: Building of Jami Masjid of Delhi
1646 CE: Building of Moti Masjid of Agra
1648 CE: Taj Mahal completed
1658 CE: Shah Jahan deposed by Aurangzeb, dies in captivity 1666
[B]Aurangzeb[/B]
1658 CE Aurangzeb becomes emperor after Shah Jahan is deposed. Civil war between his brothers.
1674 CE Badshahi Masjid built in Lahore
1682 CE: Relocates his capital to Aurangabad
1686-87 CE: Marches to Deccan to defeat Bijapur (1686) and Golkonda (1687)
1707 CE: death of Aurangzeb. He was buried at Khuldabad near aurangabad.
He had the largest empire of any Mughals.
[B]Invasion of Nadir Shah[/B]
1739 CE: Nadir Shah of Persia invades India.
Mughal army defeated at the Battle of Karnal.
Delhi sacked and general massacre of citizens ordered.
Peace was arbitrated by the Nizam of Hyderabad Asif Jah I
Nadir Shah, looted Delhi’s treasures and carried away the fabled Peacock Throne (“Takht-e-Ta’us”).
[B]Later Mughal Period[/B]
1748 CE: Death of Asif Jah I, Nawab of Hyderabad. Greatest Indian statesman of the 18th century.
1748 CE: Ahamd Shah Durrani marches to Delhi but defeated by the Mughals in the Battle of Sirhind.
1757 CE: Battle of Plassey. British forces defeat the Mughals with help from the Nawab of Bengal Mir Jafar.
1764 CE: Battle of Buxar, Regrouped Mughal forces defeated again by the British
[B]Tipu Sultan’s Resistance[/B]
Several princely states resisted the British expansion in India.
Sultans of Mysore were the most heroic!
1761 to 1782 CE: Haider Ali, ruler of Mysore
1782 to 1799 CE: Tipu Sultan, ruler of Mysore
Tipu Sultan defied the British for more than 20 years until he was betrayed by his own.
1799 CE: Tipu Sultan defeated and killed at the 4th Mysore War at Srirangapatam
[B]Bahadur Shah Zafar[/B]
Bahadur Shah Zafar becomes the last Mughal ruler.
Bahadur Shah’s domains are confined to the Province of Delhi.
1857 CE: First war of Independence in India. Starts after mutiny in the British army. Suppressed by the British.
1858 CE: Bahadur Shah deposed and exiled by the British to Rangoon. Died and buried in Rangoon.
1858 CE: Muslim rule in India ends in India after 6 and a half Centuries. This tragedy resonated with the Fall of Baghdad (1258) and Fall of Spain (1492).