Mahmud of Ghazni
Invasion of Ghazni Mohammed:
• Until the rise of the west, India was possibly the richest country in the world. Such acountry presented an irresistible target for the ravening Mongols and their descendentswho settled in present day • Afghanistan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan all withincomparatively easy reach of north-western India. • The northwest was, at this time, a mish-mash of warring kingdoms, more interested insending scores with their neighbours than in unifying against the Mongols. It is thenunsurprising that Mahmud Ghaznavi's armies so handily defeated those of the Indiankings. • Born in 971 AD, • Mahmud Ghaznavi • was the eldest son of • Subuktagin the king of Ghazni (in present day Afghanistan). When Subuktagin attacked King Jaipala of Punjab,Mahmud fought for his father in the battlefield. • Though Mahmud was the eldest son of his father, it is said that in his last days,Subuktagin was not happy with Mahmud. So, when Subuktagin died in 997 AD, hisyounger son Ismail became the king of Ghazni. Ismail reigned only for a little time. Verysoon, Mahmud defeated him and became the king. • Mahmud began a series of seventeen raids into northwestern India at the end of the 10th century. Nonetheless, he did not attempt to rule Indian • Territory exceptfor Punjab, which was his gateway to India. • His first expedition was directed against the frontier towns in 1000 AD. • His second expedition was against Jaipala, the • Hindushahi king of Punjab whomhe defeated in the First • Battle of Waihind. Jaipala could not survive the shock of humiliation and he burnt himself to death. • He was succeeded by his son,Anandpala in 1002 AD. • In his sixth expedition, Mahmud defeated Anandpala in the II • Battle of Waihind(1008). Anandpala had organized a confederacy of rulers of Ujjain, Gwalior,Kalinjar, Kannauj, Delhi and Ajmer, but the alliance was defeated. • In his other expeditions, Mahmud plundered Nagarkot, • Thaneshwar, Kannauj,Mathura and Somnath. • His sixteenth expedition was the plunder of Somnath temple (dedicated to Shiva)in 1025 AD, situated on the sea coast of Kathiarwar. • After looting the Somnath temple, when Mahmud was going back to Ghazni, theJats had attacked his army. So, to punish the Jats, he returned and defeated themin 1026. • The objective of Mahmud's expeditions was to plunder the riches of temples and palaces and was not interested in expanding his empire to India. • However, he later annexed Punjab and made it a part of his kingdom, just to have easy access. • He patronized 3 persons:a. • Firdausi (Persian poet, known asHomer of the east) who wrote Shahnama. b. • Alberuni (a brilliant scholar from Central Asia) who wrote Tahqiq-I- Hind.c. • Utbi (court historian), who wrote Kitab-ud-Yamni :)) |
Medieval of India
Chronology:
Medieval India 712 Arab conquest of Sind. 736 Founding of Dhillika(the first city of Delhi). 740 Defeat of the Pallavas by the Chalukyas. c. 750 Pala dynasty founded by Gopala in eastern India. c. 757 Defeat of Chalukyas by Rashtrakutas. c. 800 Shankaracharya, the philosopher. 814 - 80 Reign of Amoghavarsha the Rastrakuta king. c. 840 Rise of the Pratiharas under king Bhoja. c. 907 Parantaka I establishes Chola power in south India. 985 - 1014 Rajaraja I extends Chola power. 997 - 1030 Raids of Mahmud of Ghazni in north-western India. 1023 Northern campaign of Rajendra Chola 1030 Alberunni in India c.1050 Ramanuja, the philosopher 1077 Embassy of Chola merchants to China 1110 Rise of Vishnu-vardhana and Hoysala power 1192 Prithviraja Chauhan defeated by Muhammad Ghuri at the battle of Tarain. 1206 Establishment of the Slave Dynasty under Qutb-ud-din Aibak. 1211-27 Reign of Iltutmish. 1265 Reign of Balban. 1288, 93 Marco Polo's visits to south India. 1296-1316 Reign of Ala-ud-din Khalji. 1302-11 Malik Kafur's campaigns in south India. 1325-51 Reign of Muhammad bin Tughluq Ibn Batutah in India. 1336 Founding of the kingdom of Vijayanagar. 1345 Founding of the Bahmani kingdom. 1357 Firuz Shah Tughluq in power. 1414-50 Rule of the Sayyids at Delhi. 1411-41 Ahmad Shah ruling in Gujarat. 1421-31 Cheng-ho's visits to Bengal. 1451 Accession of Buhlul Lodi at Delhi 1440-1518 Kabir, a leader of the Bhakti movement. 1469-1539 Nanak, a leader of the Bhakti movement. 1485-1533 Chaitanya, a leader of the Bhakti movement. 1481 Assassination of Mahmud Gavan. 1498 Arrival of the Portuguese in India. 1509 Rana Sanga of Mewar in power. 1509-30 Krishna Deva Raya, king of Vijayanagar. 1526 The First Battle of Panipat. 1530 Humayun succeds Babur. 1539 Dearh of Guru Nanak Dev ; Sher Shah defeats Humayun and becomes emperor of Delhi. 1555 Humayun recovers the Delhi throne from Eslam Shah, successor of Sher Shah. 1556 Death of Humayun Accession of Akbar. Akbar defeats Hemu at the second battle of Panipat. 1564 Akbar abolishes Jiziya or poll tax on Hindus. 1565 Battle of Talikota-An alliance of Muslim rulersin Deccan defeats and destroys Vijayanagar Empire. 1571 Foundation of Fatehpur Sikri by Akbar. 1576 Battle of Haldighat.Akbar defeats Rana Pratap Singh of Mewar. 1582 Akbar proclaims Din IIahi or Divine Faith an attempt at synthesising Hinduism and Islam. 1597 Akbar completes his conquests Death of Rana Pratap. |
[QUOTE=Bushra Sabeen;473683]Invasion of Ghazni Mohammed:
• Until the rise of the west, India was possibly the richest country in the world. Such acountry presented an irresistible target for the ravening Mongols and their descendentswho settled in present day • Afghanistan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan all withincomparatively easy reach of north-western India. • The northwest was, at this time, a mish-mash of warring kingdoms, more interested insending scores with their neighbours than in unifying against the Mongols. It is thenunsurprising that Mahmud Ghaznavi's armies so handily defeated those of the Indiankings. • Born in 971 AD, • Mahmud Ghaznavi • was the eldest son of • Subuktagin the king of Ghazni (in present day Afghanistan). When Subuktagin attacked King Jaipala of Punjab,Mahmud fought for his father in the battlefield. • Though Mahmud was the eldest son of his father, it is said that in his last days,Subuktagin was not happy with Mahmud. So, when Subuktagin died in 997 AD, hisyounger son Ismail became the king of Ghazni. Ismail reigned only for a little time. Verysoon, Mahmud defeated him and became the king. • Mahmud began a series of seventeen raids into northwestern India at the end of the 10th century. Nonetheless, he did not attempt to rule Indian • Territory exceptfor Punjab, which was his gateway to India. • His first expedition was directed against the frontier towns in 1000 AD. • His second expedition was against Jaipala, the • Hindushahi king of Punjab whomhe defeated in the First • Battle of Waihind. Jaipala could not survive the shock of humiliation and he burnt himself to death. • He was succeeded by his son,Anandpala in 1002 AD. • In his sixth expedition, Mahmud defeated Anandpala in the II • Battle of Waihind(1008). Anandpala had organized a confederacy of rulers of Ujjain, Gwalior,Kalinjar, Kannauj, Delhi and Ajmer, but the alliance was defeated. • In his other expeditions, Mahmud plundered Nagarkot, • Thaneshwar, Kannauj,Mathura and Somnath. • His sixteenth expedition was the plunder of Somnath temple (dedicated to Shiva)in 1025 AD, situated on the sea coast of Kathiarwar. • After looting the Somnath temple, when Mahmud was going back to Ghazni, theJats had attacked his army. So, to punish the Jats, he returned and defeated themin 1026. • The objective of Mahmud's expeditions was to plunder the riches of temples and palaces and was not interested in expanding his empire to India. • However, he later annexed Punjab and made it a part of his kingdom, just to have easy access. • He patronized 3 persons:a. • Firdausi (Persian poet, known asHomer of the east) who wrote Shahnama. b. • Alberuni (a brilliant scholar from Central Asia) who wrote Tahqiq-I- Hind.c. • Utbi (court historian), who wrote Kitab-ud-Yamni :))[/QUOTE] nice work sis :) really these point form notes are even better :) sis for the sake of practice why don't you answer this question "Explain ghaznivi's character ? real motive of ghaznavi was political , religious or economical in his invasion in sub-continent . Comment ?" Even don't post the answer if you don't want to but filter out points to answer this question in your mind :) stay blessed and good going :) |
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