help required asap

[venomous sophie]

i need notes on the following

*Muslims in Spain
*Muslims in North Africa
*Scientific,literary and cultural progress in Spain during Muslim rule
*Contribution of Muslims during Abbasid of Damascus
*Contribution of Islamic civilization in the upbringing of European Renaissance

I'll b obliged if some prestigious members brief me with the above mentioned topics... my id's in my profile..

looking forward for a positive response

[Adeel Ahmed]

Originally Posted by venomous sophie

i need notes on the following

*Muslims in Spain
*Muslims in North Africa
*Scientific,literary and cultural progress in Spain during Muslim rule
*Contribution of Muslims during Abbasid of Damascus
*Contribution of Islamic civilization in the upbringing of European Renaissance

I'll b obliged if some prestigious members brief me with the above mentioned topics... my id's in my profile..

looking forward for a positive response

I have notes of these topics but in Hard copy. Furthermore You may have get good info on these topics from M.D. ZAFAR's book: Islamic History and Culture.

[venomous sophie]

Originally Posted by Adeel Ahmed

I have notes of these topics but in Hard copy. Furthermore You may have get good info on these topics from M.D. ZAFAR's book: Islamic History and Culture.

i'll be thankful if u guide me a bit please... outlines will do too

[Adeel Ahmed]

Originally Posted by venomous sophie

i'll be thankful if u guide me a bit please... outlines will do too

ok, I will definitely guide you but u must have patience for sometime until my CE2013 exams.

[Knights]

MUSLIMS IN SPAIN

Introduction:
Islam in Spain has had a fundamental presence in the culture and history of the Spain. The religion was present in modern Spanish soil from 711 until 1492 under the rule of the Arabs and Moors of al-Andalus.
Historical Background:
Hispania was the Latin name given to the whole Iberian Peninsula (covering the territories of present day Spain and Portugal), and after the fall of the Western Roman Empire (476 AD) the Teutonic tribe of Visigoths ended up ruling the whole peninsula until the Islamic conquest (during that time they pushed another Teutonic tribe out—the Vandals – and conquered another one—the Suevi). It is frequently stated in historical sources that Spain was one of the former Roman provinces where the Latin language and culture grew deep roots. After the fall of the Empire the Visigoths continued the tradition by becoming probably the most Romanized of all Teutonic tribes.
On April 30 of 711, Berber leader Tariq ibn-Ziyad landed at Gibraltar and by the end of the campaign most of the Iberian Peninsula (except for small areas in the north-west such as Asturias and the Basque territory) were brought under Islamic rule. This campaign's turning point was the battle of Guadalete, where the last Visigothic king Roderick was defeated and killed on the battlefield. After this eight year campaign, Muslim forces attempted to move north-east across the Pyrenees Mountains toward France, but were defeated by the Frankish Catholic Charles Martel at the Battle of Tours in 732.

Rule:
The majority of the Army as well as commander Tariq himself were not Arab but Islamic Berbers, and in time Islamic migrants from places as diverse as North Africa to Yemen and Syria came to live in the Iberian peninsula. The Islamic rulers called the Iberian peninsula "Al-Andalus", which some say means "Paradise." That was the root for the name of the present-day region of Andalusia, the southernmost region of Spain.
For a time, the area that is today Spain and Portugal was one of the great Muslim civilizations, reaching its summit with the Umayyad Caliphate in the 10th century. Muslim Spain had the following chronological phases:
• The Emirate directly dependent on the Caliph in Damascus (711–756)
• The Independent Emirate (756-929)
• The Caliphate of Córdoba (929-1031)
• The first Taifas (1031-c. 1091)
• The Almoravid rule (c.1091-c. 1145)
• The second Taifas (c.1145-c. 1151)
• The Almohad rule (c.1031–1212)
• The Kingdom of Granada (1212–1492)
• The late Alpujarras revolt (1568–1571), with two monarchs appointed successively by the Morisco rebels