Isnaaf e Naz'm ka Taa'ruf
 

[FONT="Century Gothic"][SIZE="4"][B]Isnaaf e Naz'm ka Taa'ruf[/B]

1. Hamm'd
2. Naat
3 . Qaseeda
4. Muss'adas
5. Mukh'amis
6. Mashvini
7. Marsia
8. Ghazal
9. Qatta
10. Naz'm
11. Azaad Naz'm
12. Rubaaye

[B]1. Hamm'd[/B]

Hamm'd k maani hain [U]" Tareef kerna".[/U] Laiken istallah mein Hamm'd is nazm ko kahtay hain "jo Allah Tuaa'la ki azmat aur kibraai bayan kernay mein likhe jaae". Hamm'd ka mozo buht wasee aur motno'o hai. Aur is ki wusast ki koi had nai. kion k Allah Tuaa'la ki azmat bayan kernay k liye ager saray dar'kht qalm aur sary sumander sayahe ban jaein tab bhi insani adraak k liye na - mumkin hai k Allah Tubarik Tuaa'la ki tareef o toseef ker sakay.

[B]Agaaz o Irtaqa[/B]

Urdu mein Hamm'd ka agaaz usi waqt ho gaya tha jab urdu adab ki ibtada hue. Urdu adab k her shaair ne Hamm'd e baari k ashaar likhay hain. Musalman shua'ra to isay muzhbi fareeza samjh ker likhtay hain , Laiken hindu shuaara nae bi is iltazaam ko barqrar rakha hai. chuna'chay [U]Gulzar Naseem[/U], K ibtadaye ashaar is k saboot mein paish kiye ja saktay hain.

Dard, Anees, Haali, Isma'el Mairthi, Zafer Ali Khan aur Iqbal K bad aj k Hamm'd nigaron mein se chand k name ye hain:

Abdul Aziz khalid, Arif Abdul Mateen, Hafeez Tai'eb, Wasif Ali Wasif, Hafeez Saqique, At'har Saqique, Ameen Naqvi.

[B]2. Naat[/B]

Naat ka lugwi maani hai "kisi shakh's mein achi aur qabil e tareef sifaat ka paya jana aur is safaat ka bayan kerna"- Naat [U]arbi [/U]zuban ka lafz hai, agerchay arbi zuban mein tareef o toseef k liye [B]Hamm'd o Sana aur Mud'ah [/B] k alfaz bi aatay hain, [U]laiken istalah mein Naat ka lafz "Rasool Ullah saa'llaha Hu Alaihay Wasalim "ki safaat o sana bayan kernay k liye makhsos kiya gaya hai.[/U]

Urdu shaayri ki koi he sinf aise ho ge jis main Naat na kahi gae ho, Qadeem urdu shaura Hamm'd e baari Taa'la k bad Naat paak se apnay deewanon ko muzayyan kiya. aur mas'niviyon mein bi yahi tareek e kaar rawa rakha jata tha. [U]Hamaray dor mein Abdul Aziz khalid ne apnay naatia maj'moon " Faar Qaleet aur Man'hamna" [/U]ne mukhtlif hayyaton mein Naat ka kamyab tujarba kiya hai aur deegar shuaara ne bi is ki paerwi ki hai.

[B]Agaaz o Irtaqa[/B]

Naat ka aaaz Rasool Ullah Saa'llaha Hu Alaihay Wasalim k zamany me se he ho gaya tha, Sahaba karam ne hubay Nabvi(pbuh) mein sarshar ho k naatia ashaar kahnay shoroo kiye. chuna'chay Umal Mom'een Hazrat Aisha Saqiqa Razi Allah Hu Taa'la Anha aur Hazrat Fatimah Razi Allah Hu Taa'la Anha k elawa Hazrat Abu Bak'r Sadqiue(R.A) , Hazrat Ali (R.A) aur degar sahaba karam k naatia ashaar ab b miltay hain.

[U]Zaheer Bin Kaa'b ka Qaseeda "Laamia " aur Allama Boseeri ka qaseeda "Burda" [/U]apnay jazba e ishq ki bina per aik khaas muqam k hamil hain, joon joon Islam phailta gaya, Naat ka riwaj b phailta gaya. chuna'chay [U]Faarsi aur Turki mein naat ka riwaj aam hua, Farsi mein Urfi, Anwari, Saa'di, Roomi, Jaami, Araaqi ne kasrat ne naatia nazmain likhein.[/U]

[U]Urdu mein "Ameer mee'naai" aur "Muhsin Kaakorvi "[/U] k do naam aisay hain jinhein is sinf main awaleen ka sharf hasil hai. Muhsin Kaakorvi ka tamaam kuliyat naat mein hai, garz k her sinf mein Muhsin Kaakorvii ne naat goyi ka haq ada kiya hai, in k bad Halli ka naam aata hai.

Is k elawa naat likhay walon mein Molana Ahmad Raza khan Braivli, Zafer Ali Khan , Baidam Warsi, Allama Iqbal, Hameed Sadiqui, Hafeez Jhulandhri, Behraaz likh'noi, Muzafar Warsi, Hafiz Mazhar ul Din, Hafiz ludhyanvi, Tahir Shadani, Abid Nazami, At'har Saqique, Hafeez Tai'eb K naam shamil hain.

Dour e jadeed mein urdu k baishtar shaura ka rujhan naat goyi ki tarah ho raha hai, Ye aik naik faal hai, kuch shaura sirf Naat he kahtay hain aur inhon ne kisi dosri sinf e adab ki taraf deehan he nai diya , maslan [U]Hafeez Tai'eb, Hafiz ludhyanvi, Hafiz Mazhar ul Din[/U] Wagaira.
[/SIZE][/FONT]

[SIZE="4"][FONT="Century Gothic"][B]3. Qaseeda[/B]

Qaseeda arbi k lafz [U]"Qasad"[/U] se nikla hai, jis ka matlab hai irada kerna. Is sinf main choo'nkay shaair kisi shakhs ki tareef o toseef k khayal se irada'tan shair kahta hai is liye is sinf ko Qaseeda kahtay hain. Qaseeda k pahle dono misray aur baqi sari nazm k ashaar k dosray misray hum qafia hotay hain. Qaseeday mein ashaar ki tadaad ki koi had muka'rar nai . Urdu qaseeday mein Tareef k elawa is mein dosray moz'oo b miltay hain maslan : pando o moa'zat, Ikhlaq o hikmat, Manazar e Bahar, Hijer o wasaal wagaira.

[B]Qaseeda k Ajzaa[/B]

[U]Qaseeda k ajzaa e tarkeebi paanch (5) hain:[/U]

[B]1. Tashaib
2. Guraiz
3. Mudah
4. Arz e Talab
5. Dua[/B]

[B]1.Tashaib[/B]

Isay qaseeday ki tamheed b kahtay hain, is hisay mein shaair Mana'zar e fitrat ki akaasi kerta hai, ba- ikhlaq batain kerta hai.

[B]2. Guraiz[/B]

Qaseeday ka mukh'tasreen hisa sirf do ashaar pe mushtamil hota hai.

[B]3.Mudah[/B]

Is hisay mein shair mam'doh ki tareef kerta hai aur baz okaat mubagla se b kaam laita hai.

[B]4. Arz e Talab[/B]

Is hisay mein shair apnay mam'doh se shaairana andaz main inaam o ikraam talab kerta hai.

[B]5. Dua[/B]

Qaseeday k Is akhrai hisay mein shair mam'doh k liye dua kerta hai aur maqta likh ker qaseeda khatam ker daita hai.

[B][U]Mazameen k lihaz se Qaseeday ki chaar qismein:[/U][/B]

[B]1. Mad'hia:[/B] Yaani jis qaseeday mein mad'ah ki jae.
[B]2. Hijviya :[/B] Yaani jis qaseeday mein kisi fard ya idaray ki hijo ki jae.
[B]3. Wazia Qasida :[/B] Jo Pind o Nasai'ah pe mushtamil ho.
[B]4. Bayania Qaseeda:[/B] Jis men shaair amooman apnay zaati mahol, fitrati manazar ki kaifiyat bayan kerta hai.

[B]Agaaz o Irtaqa[/B]

Urdu adab mein qaseeda mugaliya sal'tunat k zawal k bad shooro hua. Ibtadaye dor main "Muhammad Ali Qutab Shah" aur "Nusrati" mashhur qaseeda go ko hasiyat se ubharay laiken "Soda" vo wahid shaa'ir hai jis ne Qaseeday ko arooj bakhsha.

[U]Soda k bad "Insha" aur "Mus'hafi"[/U] ne qaseday ko taraqi de. laiken qaseeda nigar ki hesayyat se jis shaair ko shuhrat e dawam mili vo [B][U]"Ibraheem Zoq" hain.[/U][/B] Ghalib ne b qaseeday likhay , laiken in k qaseedon mein vo khoobiyan nai thein jo inhein dosray qaseeda nigaron se mumtaz ker sakein. Haqeeqat ye hai k Zoq k bad qaseeday ko zawal a gaya,jab 1857 k bad hindustan main badshahat aur nawabi ka dour khatum hua to qaseeda b is k sath khatum ho gaya.

Albata kuch shaura ne mazhbi aur buzargan e din ki shaan mein qaseeday likhay - in mein
Isma'el Mairthi, Arzoo, Muhsin Kaakorvi aur Haali k naam qabil e zikar hain.[/FONT][/SIZE]

[SIZE="4"][FONT="Century Gothic"][B]4. Muss'adas[/B]

Muss'adas se murad vo sinf e nazm hai [U]"jis mein har band k 6 misray hotay hain"[/U]. 4 misray Hum qafia hotay hai , akhari 2 misray b hum qafia hotay hain mager pahley 4 misron se mukh'talif hotay hain. In ka rab't pahle 4 misron se hota hai. 6 k 6 misray maf'hoom aur maani k aitabaar se aik dosray se marboot hotay hain. Muss'adas bandon pe mushtamil hoti hai , laiken is k bandon ki tadad mutayan nai hai. yahan tak k baaz Muss'adas mein 200 aur 300 bandon k bi miltay hain, Amooman musal'sul waqayat qalam band kernay k liye ye sinf buht mozon hai.

[U]Haali ka 'Muss'adas', 'Mod o Jazar Islam' aur 'Iqbal' ki mashhoor nazmain Muss'adas ki soorat mein hain.Muss'adas khalis'tan urdu sinf e sukhan hai.[/U] Arbi aur farsi mein is ka koi wajud nai aue na he kisi k taqleed mein ye Urdu raa'ej hue. Shidat, taa'sur, mazameen k taa,salsul aur mosiqiyat aur apnay daman ki woo'sat ki bina pe ye sinf e sukhen zyada maqbol hue.

[B]5. Mukh'amis[/B]

Mukh'amis k maani hain paanch paanch (5,5) ki shakal mein rakha hua - Istalah mein Mukh'amis se murad vo sinf e nazm hai "[U]jis ka har band 5 misron pe mushtamil ho".[/U] Is nazm k pahle paanchon misray hum-qafia hotay hain mager baad mein aanay walay tamam bandon k pahle char(4) misron ka qafia pahle band ae mukh'talif hota hai.

Nazir Akbar Abadi ne akser nazmain isi hayyat mein likein hain.

[B]To be Continued [/B]...[/FONT][/SIZE]

[SIZE="4"][FONT="Century Gothic"][B]6. Mas'vini[/B]

Mas'vini ka lafz mushtiq hai [U]'mas'naa'[/U] se - Jis k maani hain do (2). chuna'chay istallah mein [U]Mas'vini"aise sinf e nazm ko kahtay hain jis k her shair k dono misray hum qafia hon aur her shair k bad qafia badal jae"[/U]
Mas'vini mein lambay lambay qissay kahaniyan, jang o jadal k waq'yat aur lok kaniyan manzoom soorat mein paish ki jati hain. Is k ashaar ki tadad muka'rar nai. Mas'vini ki khoobi ye hai k is k ashaar mein bahmi rab't aur tas'alsul ho.

[B]Agaaz o Irtaqa[/B]

Urdu mein Mas'vini ki sinf doosri isnaf ki tarah [U]farsi [/U]adab se aaye. [U]Aur Urdu mein is ka aghaz Dakan se he hua. [/U]mager dakan mein likhe janay wali Mas'viniyon mein sansikrat aur farsi ki Mas'viniyon ya qison k taraajum mojod hain. Dakan k 'Nizami Baedri ' ne masnivi "Pidam Rao" likh ker urdu adab main masvini ki intada ki.

Is k bad masvini nigari ki tarf shuaara ne tawaju di aur 'meer, Jur'rat, mus'hfi, Meer Hassan, Diya Shinker Naseem, Momon, aur Nawab Mirza Shoq' jaise masvini nigaar paida huay.

[U]Meer Hassan ki masvini "Saher Ul Bayaan" k bad Naseem ki masvini "Gulzar e Naseem" he ko shuhrat hasil ho saki. Mirza Shauq ki masvini "Zaher e Ishq" main soz o gudaaz ne aik dilcha'sp kaifiyat paida ker di the.[/U]

jadded dour main Azad aur Haali ne is sinf mein woosat paida ker k is ki afadiyat to barha diya.

Hafiz Jhulan'dhari ka [U][B]"Shaah nama e Islam"[/B][/U] qabil e zikr masvini hai.[/FONT][/SIZE]

Sibgha ye lafz [B]"Masnavi"[/B] hai [B]Masvini[/B] nae.

[url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masnavi]Masnavi - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia[/url]