FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS

1. Right to Equality-The right to equality includes equality before law, prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth and equality of opportunity in matters of employ¬ment and abolition of un¬touchability.

2. Right to Freedom-The right to freedom includes freedom of speech and expression; right to assemble peacefully and without arms, formation, association or union; free movement throughout the territory of India; residence and the right to practice any profession or occupation; control and disposal of property.

3. Right Against Exploitation-The right against exploitation all forms of forced labour, prohibits child labour and traffic in human beings.

4. Right to Freedom of Religion -The right to freedom of religion contains religious freedom to all. All persons are entitled to freedom of conscience and the right to profess, practice and propagate religion freely.

5. Cultural and Educational Rights-It includes right of any section of the citizens to conserve their culture, language or script and right of minorities to establish and administer educational institutions of their choice.

6. Right to Constitutional Remedies- This right guarantees the right to constitutional remedies to the citizens for enforcement of their Fundamental Rights.
[Note: The right to property was also one of the fundamental rights, according to the original Constitution. This right was omitted by the 44th Amendment Act in December, 1978. It is now only a legal right.]

FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES
Duties of a citizen of India were not included in the original constitution. These have been added by the 42nd Amendment in 1976. There are ten Fundamental Duties:
1. To abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and Institutions, the National Flag and the National Anthem;
2. To cherish and follow the noble ideals which inspired our national struggle for freedom;
3. To uphold and protect the sove¬reignty, unity and integrity of India;
4. To defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so;
5. To promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood amongst all the people of India transcending religious, linguistic and regional diversities; to renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of women;
6. To value and preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture;
7. To protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers and wildlife, and to have compassion for living creatures;
8. To develop the scientific temper, humanism and the spirit of inquiry and reform;
9. To safeguard public property and to abjure violence; and
10. To strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collec¬tive activity so that the nation constantly rises to higher level of endeavour and achievement.

DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES OF STATE POLICY
• To secure the right of all men and women to an adequate means of livelihood;
• To ensure equal pay for equal work;
• To make effective provision for securing the right to work, education and to public assistance in the event of unemployment old age, sickness and disablement;
• To secure to workers a living wage, humane conditions of work, a decent standard of life, etc;
• To ensure that the operation of the economic system does not result in the concentration of wealth;
• To provide opportunities and facilities for children to develop in a healthy manner;
• To provide free and compulsory education for all children up to 14 years of age;
To promote educational and economic interest of scheduled castes, scheduled tribes and other weaker sections;
• To organize village panchayats ;
• To separate judiciary from the ex¬ecutive;
• To promulgate a uniform civil code for the whole country;
• To protect national monuments ;
• To promote justice on a basis of equal opportunity;
• To provide free legal aid;
• To protect and improve environment and forests and wildlife;
• To promote international peace and security;
• To promulgate a uniform civil code for the whole country;
• To settle international disputes by arbitration.