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  #11  
Old Tuesday, June 26, 2012
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Quote:
Originally Posted by Faheem Ahmed Akhtar View Post
dear is there any perfect book for Arabic subject and can you help me in this regard as I have no back ground of arabic.
The book by F I Malik " Muqalat"
It is good for Arabic paper in urdu.

Regards

Roomi
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  #12  
Old Monday, July 02, 2012
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Quote:
Originally Posted by Faiza Dar View Post
in english
are above-mentioned notes short or describes briefly???
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  #13  
Old Monday, July 02, 2012
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can any body tell me that in which language should be use in PMS Arabic papers?
can i use English, Urdu and Arabic?

miss Faiza,
can u please guide me?
because 2nd paper is totally in Urdu and Arabic and i have prepaired 1st paper in English.
i m confuse.......

Last edited by Shooting Star; Monday, July 02, 2012 at 03:25 PM. Reason: merged
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  #14  
Old Monday, July 02, 2012
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Originally Posted by Azaad panchi View Post
can any body tell me that in which language should be use in PMS Arabic papers?
can i use English, Urdu and Arabic?

miss Faiza,
can u please guide me?
because 2nd paper is totally in Urdu and Arabic and i have prepaired 1st paper in English.
i m confuse.......
There is option of Urdu or English...
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  #15  
Old Friday, July 13, 2012
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huh... faiza dar was taking exams . now i am back . i attempted paper 1 in english and paper 2 in urdu as choice was not given in 2nd paper
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  #16  
Old Friday, July 13, 2012
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Q:Write a note on the life and literary works of Ahmad Shouqi.

Introduction:

Ahmad shouqi was one of the greatest Arabic poet laureate. He was an Egyptian poet and dramatist who pioneered the modern Egyptian literary movement, most notably introducing the genre of poetic epics to the Arabic literary tradition. He was nicknamed Amir al- Sho'araã which literary means the prince of poets,

Life:

Crown of poets and poetry Ahmad Shawqi was born in 1868 at Cairo. He got his early education from Madrassa tul Haqooq in Cairo.Upon graduating from high school, he attended law school, obtaining a degree in translation. Shawqi was then offered a job in the court of the Khedive Abbas II, which he immediately accepted.
After a year working in the court of the Khedive, Shawqi was sent to continue his studies in Law at the Universities of Montpellier and Paris for three years.
While in France, he was heavily influenced by the works of French playwrights, most notably Molière and Racine. He returned to Egypt in 1894, and remained a prominent member of Arab literary culture until the British forced him into exile in southern Spain, Andalusia, in 1914. Shawqi remained there until 1920. After coming back , he again started his literary works with great zeal and zest. He died in 1932.

Literary Works:

Poetry:

Ahmad Shawqi was a momentous and worldwide famous poet. His poetry was filled with ripen thoughts, good political, patriotic and nationalistic approaches. He introduced new trends in poetry in the form of epic and wrote patriotic and general incidental long poems such as “waddi neel”.
His style is very unique and common sense. His words are common and simple. His meaning extracting way is very graceful.
His Poetry can be divided into two periods:
1)Before exile
2)After exile
Before exile his basic object was to oblige the King and remained stuck with royal family. In this era he only praised kings and other royal members.
After exile he began to write poems in nationalistic style. His focus became common interest of his country and its population.
In the service of Islam , Ahmad wrote “Al hamziah wa Nabwiyya” and “Nahj al-Burda”.

Plays:
Shawqi was the first in modern Arabic literature to write poetic plays. He wrote five tragedies:
• Majnun Laila (literally "The Mad about Layla"), his first play.
• The Death of Cleopatra
• 'Antara
• Ali bek el-Kabeer
• Qambeez (Cambyses II), 1931
and two comedies:
• Es-Set Huda (Madam Huda)
• El-Bakhila (the Miser)
in addition to a prose play: the Princess of Andalusia.

Prose:
Shauqi wrote symbolic and metaphorical prose. The only difference between poetry and prose was that in prose there was no rythm like the Markets of Gold.

Novels:
Shawqi wrote several novels. A few survived among which:
• The Last Pharaoh, translated by Poet Ahmed Seddik

Conclusion:
Ahmad Shawqi’s contribution in literature is great . During first world war he wrote poetry to evoke nationalism, patriotism and emotions for Jihad among the people of Egypt and other Muslim world. So he was called Ameer u Shuraa, Shair e Misar wal Mashriq and Shair ul Muslimeen.
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  #17  
Old Monday, July 16, 2012
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Q: Write a comprehensive note on Arabic Literature in Sub-continent.

Introduction:
Arabic literature in the Sub-continent starts with the arrival of Muslims in Sub-continent. Arabic literature is found both in poetry and prose in this area. The Indian continent did not participate to such an enormous extent as was done by other poets of non Arabic areas such as Iran, Iraq, Egypt, and Syria. Whatever was the work done by the poets in Indian Sub-Continent was mostly lost unfortunately.
Poetry:

1)Muhammad Bin Abdul Aziz:
Muhammad bin Abdul Aziz is the one who saw the era when Vasco de Gama invaded the southern India and he had fought against Raja Samri. He explained all the incidents in a Razmia nazm composed of 503 verses. This is master piece in the literature of Arabic in Sub-Continent.

2)Gulam Ali Azad Bilgrami:


Gulam Ali Azad Bilgrami was born to a well to do family. In the age of 25, he went to Saudi Arabia for performing hajj and remained there for 2 years to learn Arabic. After his return to the home land he started writing poetry in Arabic. He is considered the greatest poet of Sub-continent. His major works are:

1-Subht ul Marjaan fi Asaar Hindostan
2-Dewan Azad
3-Mukhtarat Dewan Azad
4-Tasliya ul Lail
5-Shafa ul Lail
6-Al Sahjra Al Tabiya

Some other poets of Sub-continent:
Whatever poetry is available to us shows following are some other important figures who contributed in this genre of literature:
1-Syed Abdul Jalil Bilgrami
2-Molvi Fazl-e-Haq Khair Abadi
3- Ameer Khusru
4-Shah Ahmad Share‘e
5-Qazi Abdul Muqtadar
6-Nasir-ud-Din Chiragh
7- Syed Ali Khan Ibn-e-Masood
8-Masood bin Saad

Prose:

In prose we find the prominent works of Qazi Sana Ullah Panipati, Shah Wali Ullah, Sayed Abul Hassan Nadvi and Sayyad Gulam Ali Azad Bilgrami.

1)Qazi Sana Ullah Panipati:
Qazi Sana Ullah was a well known writer and was born in 1143 A.H. at Panipat. He got his education from Maulana Muhammad Abid and some other contemporary scholars and he wrote interpretation of the Holy Quran.
His famous works are:
1) Ma la budda minhu
2) Irshad ul talibeen
3) Assaif ul maslool
4) Risalah fi hukm il fana
5) Haqiqat ul Islam
6) Al tafseer ul mazhari

2)Shah Wali Ullah

Shah Wali Ullah was born at Delhi in 1114 A.H. He was a prolific writer as well. He wrote a total of fifty-one works of merit, twenty-eight in Arabic and twenty-three in Persian. Some of these are still unsurpassed in the domain of Islamic literature. His famous books are:
1) Hujja tullah ul balighah
2) Al fouz ul kabeer
3) Trajim abwab ul bukhari
4) Fatah ul khaibar
5) Izala tul akhfaa an khilafat ul khulafaa
6) Fata ur rehman fi tarjmat ul quran
Some other prose writer:
Some other prominent prose writers in Arabic literature of Sub-continent are:
1) Abdul Hayy’ee Lukhnawi
2) Syed Abul Hassan Nadvi
3) Siddiq Hassan Khan
Conclusion:
These above mentioned Indian Arabic scholars, poets and writers played a great part in the field of literature. It is matter of pride for Sub-continent. What adds to this pride is the fact that the banner of Arabic language and literature is still held high in the South Asian continent by a number of scholars of Arabic.
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  #18  
Old Monday, July 16, 2012
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Q: Write A Short note on Azad Bilgrami” the greatest Arabic poet in the Sub-continent.

Introduction:-


Gulam Ali Azad Bilgrami was born to a well to do family. In the age of 25, he went to Saudi Arabia for performing hajj and remained there for 2 years to learn Arabic. After his return to the home land he started writing poetry in Arabic. He is considered the greatest poet of Sub-continent.

Hasan-ul-Hind:-


He was the greatest poet of Hindustan and was given the title of Hasan ul Hind‘ like Khakani was given the title of ‘Hasan Al Ajam’. He got his education in Aahadith and Islamic law from Abdul Wahab Tantavi. He learnt the art of poetry from Syed Abdul Jalil Bilgrami who was also his maternal uncle.

Azad As Use In Name:-
Ghulam Ali used ‘Azad’ as his Takhalas and this was liked by his teacher Abdul WahabTantavi. Ghulam Ali Azad Bilgrami has also written in Persian language.

Dewans:-
He left many dewans behind him. Some scholars believe that he left 7 dewans behind him. In his book ‘subht ul marjaan fi asaar hindostan’ he has mentioned about many mufasreen and figures that have done some great service for the cause of Islam. In total he has mentioned about 150 people in his book.

Subht ul Marjaan fi Asaar Hindustan;-

This book was published in 1885 and in one of its poem ‘Mirat Al Jamal’ the poet has praised all the body parts from starting head to the toe. This poem shows the class of the poet. This book can be divided into four chapters:

1) On the excellence and eminence of India
2) Biographies of Indian scholars
3) On rhetoric , both in Sansikat and Arabic literature
4) On love, both from the Indian and Arabic point of view

Use of Poetic Techniques:
Another very interesting thing about ‘Azad’is the use of similes and metaphor. In one of his verse he has written a word ‘sari’ which means walk, but at the same time he has used this word to make an allusion to the word ‘sahri’ which is the dress of Indian women. Azad has performed his immaculate work in all the forms of poetry i.e. Nazem, Masnavi,Rubai etc.

His Views about Love:

He was a great lover of Holy Prophet and about his feelings of love for this great personality, Azad said:

“Sha’n ul muhibbu ajeebun fi sabathu
Al hijru yaqtuluhu wal waslu yuhyeehu”


“Matter of lover is strange in love, separation kills him and linking makes him alive.”

At another place he says about his love:

“Lawaeemi qatt’at akbadahunna mata
Ra’ainahu fi kamal il husniwattiya”


“Ashamer upon me cut off their hearts when they saw himin full bloom of beauty and adornation.”

His Work:-

1-Subht ul Marjaan fi Asaar Hindostan
2-Dewan Azad
3-Mukhtarat Dewan Azad
4-Tasliya ul Lail
5-Shafa ul Lail
6-Al Sahjra Al Tabiya
7-Al Sabah Al Sariya
8-Shamamah Al Amber
9-Mazhar Al Barkat
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Last edited by Shooting Star; Monday, July 16, 2012 at 04:13 PM. Reason: Do not use red color.
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  #19  
Old Monday, July 16, 2012
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Q: Write down an article about the literature of Al Mahjar with special reference to the contribution of Jibran Khalil Jibran.

What is Mehjar Literature?

The turn of new century witnessed the emergence of a “New Look” in Arabic literature. Its exponents were the emigrants from the Levant to the Americas. These emigrants form a distinct school of writing. The writings of these Mehjar poets were influenced by western romantic poetry and their own social, political, economic and cultural background. Mehjar literature was a revolt against old traditions of Arabic literature.

When it emerged?


Mehjar Litrature or Adab ul Mehjar flowered to eminence between the two World Wars. The literary efforts of Mehjar poets received support and encouragement more markedly in the twenties from Pen Association, founded in New York in 1920 by emigrant writers.

Prominent Features:

Mehjar literature was a bridge between he East and the West, between old and new era. Its prominent features are:
1)Total freedom
2)Individual style
3)Nationalism
4)Humanity
5)Love of Nature
6)Simplicity and musical style
7) Religious freedom
8)Pictorial quality

Eminent Poets:

Jibran Khalil Jibran, Mikhail Nuaima, Abdul Masih Haddad, Amin Rehani, Iliya Abu Mazi and Nasib Arida were the most eminent poets of Mehjar literature. These poets revolted against all what was traditional in Arabic prose and poetry and demanded to express life as it is reflecting human emotions.

Jibran Khalil Jibran:

Jibran Khalil Jibran who inspired a whole generation of writers developing Mehjar literature was born of poor parents. He migrated to the United States in 1985. He was a wayward genius whose works have been translated in many other languages. He was the distinguished product of Al Hikma school in Beruit.

His contribution to Mehjar literature:

He was the driving force behind the formation of Pen Association and was elected its president. His output is wide and varied. He wrote eight books in Arabic and equal number in English. His famous works are:
1) Al Mawakeeb
As love and yearning for the homeland, where simplicity and spiritualism were a way of life, was a prominent feature of Mehjar literature, the Mehjar poets depicted the flaws of urban life in their works. Jibran too, in this book, enumerates the flaws of urban life and ends by migrating to the woods.
2) Arais ul Murooj
This is one of the first good collections of Arabic short stories. It contains three stories about life and social problems in Lebanon. Social disparity formed the main theme of his short stories.
3) Al Arwah ul Mutamarida
This is his second collection of short stories in which Jibran lashes out against religious and political vested interests.
4)Al Ajniha tul Mutakasira
This book is inspired by Jibran’s love for the girl of his dreams whom he met on coming to the Lebanon from United States.
5)Dama wa Ibtisama
Dama wa Ibtisama is a poetic prose. It is important for its contents that dwell on universal problems such as man’s conflict with fate and the theory of transmigration of souls.
Conclusion:
Jibran was the most prominent figure of Adab ul Mehjar. He led the revolt against conventional style of Arabic prose and poetry. It is to his credit that he linked literature to life at a time when it was more or less ignored in Arab works. His contribution in Mehjar literature made him an outstanding man of letters.
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  #20  
Old Tuesday, July 17, 2012
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salam,
r u opting Arabic if yes than from where u r getting preparation.
kindly write to me in detail.
thank u.
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