ROCKS
• Summarize with specific examples classification of rocks and show how different mode of origin affect the exploitation of mineral wealth 2000
• What are Rocks? Discuss igneous rocks and compare and contrast the intrusive and extrusive rocks 2004
• What is a rock? Classify rocks and discuss the formation and characteristics of any one type 2005
• Present the rock cycle in connection with its reincarnation 2010
PLATE TECTONICS THEORY
• What do you understand by the plate theory? What has it to do with:
(a) The formation of mountains
(b) Earth quakes
(c) Volcanoes. 2000
• The theory of Plate Tectonics is a unifying theory. Discuss critically 2008
EARTHQUAKES
• What are earthquakes? How closely are they connected with earth movements? Elaborate their effects and distributions in the main regions of the world. 2001
• How re earthquakes caused? Describe the major earthquake zones 2003
• Describe the ways in which earthquake can be managed. Use examples to support your answer 2006
• Write an essay on earthquake. 2009
WEATHERING AND EROSION
• Distinguish between rock weathering and erosion. Show how processes of weathering in cool humid climate, differ from those in hot arid region. You may take examples from any part of the world. 2001

MASS WASTING
• Define mass wasting and explain mass wasting in detail 2010
CYCLE OF EROSION
• Cycle of Erosion 2004
• Provide a brief account of fluvial cycle of erosion 2007
• Write in detail on the action of the river in its youth, maturity, and old age 2009
LAND FORMS
• Describe and explain the ways in which each of the following desert landforms originate:
(a) Mesa (b) Pedestal rock (c) Barchan (d) Playa (e) Wadi 2000
• Define glacier. How would you categorize them according to the mode of formation? Explain with the help of diagrams the characteristic, features of a glaciated region. 2001
• Examine the evolution of AEOLIAN Land forms 2002
• What is glaciation? Describe the land forms associated with glaciation in the highland areas 2003
• What do you know about major landforms? Describe the landforms produced by the glaciers 2005
• Outline the processes by which a river produces various Land features describing its mode of transportation 2006
• Discuss the origin and characteristics of the landforms produced by glaciers 2007
• Wind produces a variety of interesting sequential landforms both erosional and depositional'. Discuss 2009
• describe landforms and evolution of landscapes of glaciation in the mid and high latitudes 2010

OCEAN FLOOR AND SALINITY
• What do you know about Oceanic depositions? Discuss in detail 2004
• Describe in details the distribution of salinity in the Oceans 2005
• Briefly explain the features associated with:
a. Submerged coastlines
b. Emerged coastlines 2006
• Describe the relief of an Ocean Floor and discuss the significance of continental shelf 2008
TIDES
• Tides 2002
• How are tides caused? Describe the various types of tides 2003
• What causes the rise and fall of tides? What celestial bodies are most important in determining tides? 2007
MOVEMENT OFOCEAN FLOOR (Waves and Currents)
• Examine the relation between the prevalent wind systems and ocean currents in either North Atlantic or North Pacific Oceans. Also suggest effects of the oceanic circulation described. 2000
• What is meant by Ocean Currents? How the different types of Currents are caused? Highlight the currents of Atlantic Ocean with the help of a sketch map. 2001
• Make a comparative study of the Gulf Stream and KUROSHIO current tinder the following heads:
(a) Origin
(b) Characteristics
(c) Course
(d) Impact on economy 2002
• Alnino current 2003
• Give an account of the Indian Ocean Currents and explain their difference from other Ocean currents 2004
• What are the Ocean’s movements? Discuss the Currents of the Pacific Ocean 2005
• Distinguish b/w North Indian Ocean and South Indian Ocean currents w.r.t specific controlling factor 2006
• What are ocean currents? Discuss the different factors contributing in their occurrence and also describe their effect on the surrounding areas? 2007
• Describe the factors contributing to the origin of ocean currents. Also describe the Ocean Currents of the Atlantic Ocean bringing about their effect on the surrounding area?
2009
• Show with an aid of a sketch map currents of the Indian Ocean. Bring out the influence of monsoon on currents of the North Indian ocean 2010
STRUCTURE OF EARTH
• Describe the internal structure of the earth in detail giving dimensions, mineral composition and physical properties. What type of evidence is used to obtain this information? What temperatures and pressures may be expected at the earth's center? 2009
INSOLATION AND TEMPERATURE
• Define insulations, discuss the distribution of temperature on the surface of Earth and reasons for its variation 2005
• Write an essay on the heating and cooling of the surface of the earth 2007
ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE AND WINDS
• What do you known about the distribution of atmospheric pressure and the resulting wind system on the earth surface 2002
• What are various types of local winds? Discuss in details the formation and characteristics of the Mountain and Valley winds 2005


AIR MASSES, FRONTS AND CYCLONES
• What are main characteristics of thunderstorm? How are they classified? Also explain their zonal distribution 2001
• Air Mass 2002
• Give a detailed account of the origin, life history, weather type and distribution of extra-tropical or frontal cyclone 2002
• Define Cyclones. How are the temperate Cyclones formed? Discuss the theory regarding their formation 2004
• Explain original concept of air masses and present principal air masses 2006
• Define air masses. Give classification of Air masses and focus on the types which affect the weather of Pakistan 2008
CLASSIFICATION OF CLIMATES
• Confining your attention to the northern hemisphere contrast the Cool Temperate West Marginal type of climate with the Cool Temperate East Marginal type and try to account for any similarities and differences. 2000
• Discuss Mediterranean climate as under:
(a) Main characteristics
(b) Regional variations 2003
• Discuss Monsoon Climatic Region in detail 2004
• Which prominent areas experience either of the climate type? Give the characteristics of the climate type along with the associated economic activities. Mediterranean type or Monsoon type 2007
• In what way does the wet, monsoon-dominated climate of southern Asiatic coasts (Am) differ from that close to the equator (aj). Discuss in detail. 2009
• Discuss Mediterranean climatic region with its dominating characteristics 2010


OTHERS
• There are certain winds which generated by terrestrial peculiarities and are named accordingly. Pin point/explain such winds (world-wide) with their properties and effects in me prevailing areas 2001
• Identify the geographic patterns of evapotranspiration. Examine the factors contributing to expanding deserts around the globe 2010
TOPOGRAPHY
Describe the conditions essential for the development of Karst Topography, List the principal features of Karst region 2002
MAPS
• Distribution maps and their techniques. 2000
• Differentiate the weather and topographical maps? Briefly express the various terms/features which arc associated with these maps 2001
• What are AERIAL photographs? How arc these different from Topographical Maps? Discuss their importance to map making 2002
• Compare the usefulness of Simple Cylindrical, Cylindrical Equal Area and Cylindrical Orthomorphic Projections 2003
• Discuss the various types of ‘quantitative aerial maps’ based on statistical data and show how the use of colors adds to the clarity of distribution 2003
• . Explain the different methods of Thematic Maps. Discuss in detail any one method and its merits and demerits 2004
• What are the major types of Map Projections under any major type, discuss their characteristics and uses 2005
• Describe Map characteristics in detail with example of map design geared either to:
a. Data communication or
b. Data analysis objectives. 2006
• What are topographical maps? Write in detail on the features presented on such maps. 2007
• What is the distinction between large-scale, medium-scale and small-scale maps? Explain by giving examples 2009
SHORT NOTES
• Modern Cartography
• Observation of weather phenomenon
• Uses and limitations of Mercator’s Projection 2000
• Geysers
• Bonne's Modified Conical Projection
• Advection Tog
• Artesian wells 2001
• Conventional Signs
• Alluvial Fax 2002
• Cyclonic Storms
• Continental Shelf
• Sand Dunes
• Pie Diagrams 2003
• Conical Projection
• Atoll Formation
• Yardang
• Horse Latitudes 2004