Originally Posted by sadafnoorelahi

sadia shafiq kindly comment on the question. i have answered two more questions as well.please check them as well qurban ali qureshi,sadia shafiq and all the rest.

in addition, can any one tell what is the difference between role of mass media and mass communication?

Originally Posted by Qurban Ali Qureshi

SADIA SHAFIQ what do you say about this question? " Press freedom and responsibility go hand in hand in a democratic society" .what does examiner want to ask?

Originally Posted by sadafnoorelahi

.9 suppose you have developed a new diet drink and are ready to market it.develop a research study for identifying the element topics that should be stressed in your advertisement.

Hypothesis: to identify the elements that should be stressed in a diet drink advertisement.

Introduction: advertisement word originated from the latin “advertere” which means to divert.advertisements are not a new phenomenon. infact, history manifests the fact that even Greeks ,ancient Egyptians and romans also used advertisements.technology however,has transformed everything including the methods used for advertisements. traditional advertisement methods such as bill boards and newspapers have become obsolete now. nowadays, producers of products try to advertise their products through social and electronic media. advertisements today, have emerged as a multibillion industry and has a deep impact on the society. As producers have developed a new diet drink and now they want to advertise it therefore this study is conducted.
The present study is aimed at identifying the factors in advertisement which appeals to the general public. in this study, observational, interview and survey method will be conducted.
The results of the study will help the producers develop an effective advertisement.

Methods:
in order to identify the elements to be stressed in the advertisement, multiple strategies would be adopted. survey method, interview method and observational methods will be used to make an appealing advertisement. in survey method, written questionnaires will be distributed amongst the general public and they will be inquired about the factors that attract them to a particular advertisement such as testimonials of celebrities or famous personalities, or jingles, detail of the product, impact of the product on health, mention of the price in the advertisement etc. in interview method, people will be directly inquired about the factors which in their view makes an advertisement successful. they will be also be inquired about what they would like to see in a diet drink advertisement. in observational method, the researchers will go to various stores and observe the purchasing trend of people in drinks.on the basis of the observation, they would then design an advertisement
Literature review:
previous literature would be studied to identify the methods that have proved successful in developing an attractive advertisement. Effort would be made to identify the factors in an advertisement that propel the people to buy a certain product.

Data
Data will be collected from interview method, observational and survey method an result will be developed on basis of it.

Hypothetical results:
the results obtained show that a large majority(65%) is attracted to the testimonials of celebrities in an advertisement. 25% people showed an inclination towards the jingles used. only 10 % felt that inclusion of details i.e price, health impact, list of contents makes an advertisement successful.

Conclusion: a successful diet drink advertisement should include some famous celebrity, preferably a female model or actress and better still if it is an Indian model or actress. in addition, there should be a strong melodious jingle and it should provide important details of the product.

i felt this is the demand of the examiner in this question.comments and corrections are highly encouraged.

Originally Posted by sadafnoorelahi

zohaib your notes are very good and up to date but how your PR notes can be used to answer this specific question is beyond my understanding. kindly point out the answer with reference to this specific question.

q. describe the factors that determine the character of internal public in newspaper organization?

q. In the light of karl marx media theory: analyze the role of at least 3 tv channels with the special reference of flood disaster. what is national development? and how media can play role in national development.

Karl marx theory

According to karl marx media theory, capitalist society is one of class domination. media acts as a ideological super structure where different ideas of different classes struggle,but the domination remains in the hands of the ruling class. on the other hand, a false illusion is internalized and socialized into the mass. according to the classical Marxist, media acts as a “means of production” which in a capitalist society is in the control of the elite or “ruling class” and the media functions to produce “false consciousness”

Marxism theory and flood disaster

As a pillar of the state, the media is playing a criminal role, strengthening the ideas of the ruling classes, who are constantly repeating that this crisis is solely natural. Petit bourgeois emotionalism is instilled to compensate for the anger developing against the rulers.
Pictures of hungry, downtrodden women and children fighting each other over a bag of flour were shown and appeals were made to the already impoverished masses to donate money in the bank accounts of the prime minister, president and other high ups, while a few personal accounts of the elite are stuffed with more than enough cash that could finance the whole relief and rehabilitation challenge. In return the media is getting advertisements with handsome amounts of money. This is a two-way business between the media and the right wing, while the victims of the flood are served contaminated food infected with fungus.
In any class society the media cannot be impartial. It serves the interests of the dominant classes and tries to suppress the voice of the exploited classes. During these disastrous times, while the so-called leaders are advising people not to protest and accept their fate, they are increasing their attacks on the workers with massive redundancies in the telecommunication, railways and other sectors of industries. Prices have risen astronomically during this disaster resulting in huge profits for the ruling classes.

Geo tv:
As a result of massive flooding and resultant damage, geo tv organized a show ”pukaar” to raise funding to help out the affectess. Throughout the show, they repeatedly showed miserable images evoking sympathy of the emotional country men to contribute generously. imran khan made quite a show distributing 15 truckloads of relief goods and advocating his “generosity” to gain public support for the next elections.

Ary

Similarly, ary also arranged a show for raising funds for the flood-stricken mass and dr shahid masood succeeded in collecting an impressive sum of 65 million rupees. the role of the army in relief efforts was exaggerated to rebuild its tarnished image. Army personnel were shown, saving lives of people with helicopters. Right-wing leaders were highlighted while distributing relief goods.

Hum tv

Imitating the behaviour of other tv channels, hum tv was also not much behind in this regard. a telethon was arranged to raise the funds and celebrities were invited. instead of revealing the inadequency of the disaster management teams, these celebrities requested the already poor and inflation hit mass to open up and help the flood affected people.

National development:
development that is a general or specific strategy whose goal is to help build up various areas within a nation.

Role of media in national development
• Media should promote unity and spirit of nationalism among different provinces
• It should not give air to sectarianism
• It should project a positive image of the country to uplift her prestige country in comity of nations
• It should promulgate moral and cultural values
• It should not glamourise crime, terrorism or violence
• It should act as a watch dog to keep a check on corruption, monopoly and inefficiency
• It should educate the masses
• it should instill the feelings of patriotism and respect for country men
• it should promote tolerance for other beliefs, ideas and ideologies
• it should censor cheap, gaudy and vulgar shows, dramas, songs etc
Dr M qaiser, vicechancellor of Karachi university also highlighted the role of media as “vital for national development”

Conclusion: media plays a very crucial role in the life today and therefore it is regarded as the “fourth pillar”. its power is at par with the nukes. according to karl marx theory, media acts as a a “means of production” in the hands of the ruling class.this was also observed during flood disaster management where prominent tv channels geo,hum and ary digital overemphasized the role of army and politicians. Media should act responsibly and play a conducive role in the national development.

Originally Posted by SADIA SHAFIQ

My dear

Research survey focus on :

1. demographics
2. Psycho graphics

It shows age , sex , %of males and females , literacy rates , economic condition , capital investment of the area , people interest ; either people are obese or skinny or they just want to get their figure in shape . They go to gyms , parties or clubs or not .. You have to show all these facts keeping the fact you are residing (for example) in Karachi or you want to advertise your diet drink all over the Pakistan , then must show over-view of Pakistan`s society and in case of world ( whole world as well ) : after introducing you have to tell or mold the elements according to demographics which will advertise or boast up the sale .

Originally Posted by sadafnoorelahi

research survey????????????? why do i have to cover a research survey? is the question not about a simple RESEARCH STUDY?

Originally Posted by sadafnoorelahi

Kindly share the link where i can get this paper/article "call for change". thanks a lot for sparing some time for the corrections. they are always highly beneficial

Originally Posted by exclusively

what is the difference between role of mass media and mass communication

Mass Communication
It is a sort of communication, such as a prominent personalities whether it is political, social, economical or any, who passes his/her message or any kind of ideology towards the masses from a broad source such as Electronic Media is called Mass communication. Mass means peaople or public, and communication is indeed to communicate from one place to another place.

Mass Media
As far as Mass Media is concerned, it is also relatively similar to mass communication technically. Though it is little different in nature. For example, Media is a medium whether it is Print or Electronic Media. Both Types of Media do their work in order to provide their a certain news, press release, press note etc. Apart from that Electronic Media also does same work but it is however much faster as compare to Print Mass Media.

Hope I have answered the question.. Please pin point my mistakes if I am on the wrong track while attempting the question...

Originally Posted by Qurban Ali Qureshi

Q.4: Explain functions of Mass Communication with relevant examples.

-Mass communication
-Process of mass communication
-Functions of Mass communication
-Conclusion.

Mass Communication:
It is a form of communication. Communication comes from the Latin word "communis" which means "common". Communication is the expression of ideas, views, or opinions by writing, behaving or acting. Communication includes all those ways by which a mind can affects others. Mass communication is one of the four recognized communication's types. Mass communication involves sending of information to large number of audience through mass media. Mass media may be print, broadcast and online media such as newspapers, magazines; T.V and radio stations and networks; blogs, email, websites, eForums, Podcasts, eBooks,Internet TV,Facebook,Twitter and YouTube.
Technological meaning of mass communication is to send information from mass communicator to the complex audience. It comprises of those techniques and technologies by which specialized group such as broadcaster, film producers,and publishers employe the symbolic content to large heterogeneous ,anonymous, and widely dispersed audience.
Mass communication is impersonal. It does not cover to a specific person.Individuals in mass communication do not know each others.Mass communication deals with collective senders. Credibility does not go to individual communicator, but to the institutions and organizations which send the information. For example the newspaper is not produced by a single person. It is the collective efforts of all individuals who are involve in making it Like editors, reporters, publisher, typesetters,designers,proofreaders, and printers. Mass communication has the Five elements. These are
1-Source
2-Message
3-Medium
4-Designation/receiver
5-Feedback

Functions of mass communication

1- Surveillance
Surveillance function of mass communication involves the flow of information and news outside or inside an environment. Flow of information is vital for every day life. surveillance function of mass communication keeps an eye and act as watchdog on social, political and economic issues,events and crisis. it creates the awareness among the masses of what is happening around them. It monitors various occurrences in the society like murders, killings, suicides, attacks , rapes,sexual harassment and corruptions scandals; political and social injustice; wrong use of powers and authorities by the powered, elite groups and government; business events, currency rise and fall, stock exchange; whether conditions; films and theaters; and fashion ideas etc. Surveillance function of mass communication creates awareness among the masses as in 15 August 2013,Sikander Hayyat: A man accompanied by his wife and two children had driven out into the middle of constitution Avenue in Islamabad with two advanced weapons. This scene was run out till more than five hours. Federal security forces was unable to handle this person. At the end Zamard Khan a brave man ended this scene by his boldness. This is the real picture of the failure of the current government security policy. Audience are able to decide the current government security policy's failures. Surveillance function make the easy and fast flow of information. For example in September 11, 2001 more than 90% American people knew the terrorist attack within two hours as apposed to the old day when news took the months before reaching to public.

2-Correlation Function
Correlation function of the mass communication involves the interpretations and explanations of the news items, events,issues, or scandals for masses. This function provides the guidance and helps in making opinions by audience themselves. This function of mass communication distinguishes to the surveillance in the way that correlation covers the news and information subjectively whereas the surveillance covers objectively. The correlation function of the mass communication provides the editorial articles, columns which are written on a particular events ,issues or policies to provide the guidance and interpretation of news. These contain the depth details and study of the events. They are written in favor or against of the certain policies.
Th Correlation functions of mass communication also provides the T.V shows . In these shows the qualified journalist and ,other leaders and known personalities criticize, interpret the issues, policies and news items.
For example the "AJJ kamran khan ke sath" Geo news show in which all important news are provided by Kamran Khan with explanations; "Kal Tak" express news show provide the debates on the political,governmental and other issues.

3-Cultural Transmission function:
Cultural transmission is the function of the mass communication in which Media spread out the common norms, or values to the masses. It is also called socialization function because it provide the social awareness and growth to the people. After reading, watching, listening and observing, people know how to live? What are the factors of good personality?. In this way people adapt the best norms and values which are practiced in the society. it Also provides the guidance to the people of the wrong practices .For examples the Victims of the accident who were not wearing the seat belt, can guide masses to dangers of not wearing seat belt. It also provides moral upgradation to the masses, for example a thief who is caught in the case of stolen ,and is ashamed due to seen by the people by mean of mass media. Media can also cause the wrong beliefs of something like Media portray Muslims as terrorists which make fear joining this religion. People may adobe wrong practices by this function of mass communication.For example by watching Films and dramas people can adapt wrong misguiding practices of the heroes. Like In Devdas Film Shah Rukh Khan immense drinks after the marriage of her lover(Ashwarya Rai) with other person.

4- Educational Function:
Educational function of mass communication involves Formal and informal education.
Formal education is one which is thought in schools,colleges, universities and other institutions. In this syllabi are covered like Mathematics, Chemistry, Physics and ,IT and other science subjects. Mass communication provide the online version of the institutions like Virtual T.V network ,which teaches their student online.
Informal education function of mass communication involves the awareness building process among the masses. Different T.V Channels like National Geo geographic provide the knowledge of different fields. Peace T.V contains the lectures delivered by various Ulemas Specially Famous and known Dr.Zakir Naik. it is providing Islamic knowledge and removing misconceptions about the Islam. Madani channel, Haq T.V and Q.T.V are familiarizing the people with Islamic teachings.

5-Entertainment Function
Entertainment function of mass communication involves the coverage of actors and actresses news, drama and Films. Different channels provide the entertainment to their audience by means of movies ,dramas, songs, and videos etc. The Films and dramas heavily affects the emotions of the audience.These Channels are more famous and seen as compare to the news channels and other channels because they are the sources of refreshment. Media of entertainment are Radio ,T.V,internet and Cell Phones etc.


Conclusion:
Communication is a basic need just as food, shelter and clothing. It is the process of socialization and moralization .It removes the distances and comes people together. To use mass media effectively people must take an active role in their interaction with various media. Mass media houses also need to be reliable and provide accurate information.

Originally Posted by Qurban Ali Qureshi

5. Critically analyze the watchdog and lapdog role of public and private TV channels in Pakistan.

outline:
-Watchdog
-Watchdog journalism
-Watchdog role of public and private channel in Pakistan
-lapdog
-lapdog Journalism
-lapdog role of public and private channel in Pakistan
-conclusion

Watchdog:
Watchdog is a person or group of people who act as protector or guardian against the illegal and inefficient activities.



Watchdog journalism:
Watchdog journalism means to investigate or to keep an eye on the social, political and economical conditions. Media keep watch on the government and people in power. it speaks out to alert and warn the audience if something happens that should not. Watch dog journalism is located in all the media like .T.V, radio, newspapers, magazines and internet etc. It provides the supply of crucial information that public must have "in order to prevent the abuse of power".It brings forth those people who exploit the power. it sustains the order against disorder.It is opposite to propagandists who are loyal to the ruling power and elites. In order to perform the prominent role by the journalists, journalists must need to have distances from the power.

Watchdog role of public and private channel in Pakistan:
Private channel of Pakistan seem to be efficient and satisfactory in their role of watchdog. They come up with the day to day news of political,social and economic wings. Competition is found among these private channels. Every private channel makes efforts to prove that it is best acting body of watchdog.
The watchdog role of private channels like Geo, A.R.Y ,Express news, Dunya .T.V etc. in election 2013 of Pakistan can not be ignored. They provided the full coverage of the election whole the day. They highlighted the ragging issues during the election. They provided the footage of the ragging in different regions of the country. For example
1- In NA-251 (Karachi) unknown mafia tired to ceased the election. Meanwhile in various region of the country election team could not start the election in the right time. Footage were shown clearly to the people . in the result ECP announced to increase two more hours in the net time of election.
2- A man wearing black clothes was explicitly ragging in the NA-250 (
Karachi). Even after being caught ,police let him go easily.
3-Many women were doing explicitly ragging in NA-219 (Hyderabad).
These were the few examples of the watchdog role of private channels. But various footage were came forth by these channels to the public. These footage of ragging by these channels portrayed the inefficient and unsatisfactory management of election by the ECP.
Furthermore the Sikander Hayyat scandal whereby a man accompanied with his wife and two children driven out into middle of the Constitution Avenue of Islamabad .He fired out at the police .Police could not control this man even having passage of the more than five hours. A Brave man named Zamard Khan ended the sense. Private channels showed the complete sense. Hence the watchdog role of these private channels presented the failure of the current government security policy.
In addition private channels organize the various talk shows where the bold and skilled personality of anchors raise the voice. They criticize in favor or against the numerous issues and events of government, political and social.
Here are some of them.
(i) "Khara such" by A.R.G News
(ii) "Faisla Awam Ka" by Geo News
(iii) "Kal Tak" by Express news
(iv) "Capital Talk" by Geo News
(v) "News Hours" by Sama News

Lapdog :
Lapdog is the person or group of people who are easily controlled by the others.
Lapdog Journalism:
Lapdog Journalism means bodies of the journalists keep away the vital secrets from the public. They do not show them to the public. They do not criticize on the illegal political, social, government events, activities and scandals because of the close relation with the ruling power and officials.

Lapdog function of the private channels of Pakistan:
Almost all Pakistani private channels seem to be manipulated by the some power groups in some extent. They are working on the agenda of US, British and India. Almost all the anchors are paid due to their lapdog role by the politician, businessman. Malik Riaz the chairman of Baharia Town Lahore has bribed the many Media anchors to hide the corruption from the people of Pakistan and to give the negative impression of the chief justice of Pakistan Iftikhar Muhammad Choudhary. Why media didn’t expose this person? It is because these media are paid by the power groups. A leaked footage of show on “Dunya News” in which Mubashir Luqman and Mehar Bukhari conducted planted the interview with Malik Riaz. In this show in the commercial break talk about with the Malik Riaz to be asked the planted questions. Mubashir Luqman said to Malik Riaz,”give me Villa as you gave to the Hamid Mir”. This show portrayed the dual face of the anchors how Hamid Mir and Mubashir Luqman are making fool to the audience. Anchor sold them to businessmen, politicians and religious groups. No one is clear. Public watch them and think out they are doing this for them.
Meanwhile All Pakistan newspapers society and council of Pakistan newspapers editors have never opposed the policies of paying the expenses of the journalists accompanying officials on national and international tours .journalist are enjoying the benefits of the close association with the officials.
Last year about 21 journalists were exposed in allegation of receiving handsome bribe from Ex-Prime Minister Gillani.


Conclusion:
The Pakistani private channels are just the source of business for their owners whose aims are to earn profit in handsome amount. They act as watchdog in the race of competition with other channels by proving that they are serving the nation in the optimum way. They act as lapdog for sake of maximum profit by distorting their duties and accountabilities. These channels aims are not to serve the nation but to serve the owners.

Originally Posted by sadafnoorelahi

Explain functions of mass communications with relevant examples

Mass communication is the study of how individuals and entities relay information through mass media to large segments of the population at the same time.
the basic functions of mass communication are:
1. Informing:
The most important function of mass communication is dissemination of information to the public primary through news media-electronic and print. Information diffused through these channels (media) is about new events, products, changes in policies, ideas, philosophies and so forth. Mass media are particularly effective to spread current information having news values. nowadays, social media has also started playing an effective role in providing news.
There are many channels that provide information specifically about new inventions, and discoveries . certain others are playing an effective role in propagation of religious views such as QTV or madni channel. At the same time, there is a rat race among many tv channels and radio channels to break news first.
2. Persuading:
Persuasion is another function of mass media. Because of its having persuasive potential, both electronic and print media are used for advertising products, services, business, charities, or for political campaign. social media has started to replace the conventional agents of mass media like radio and television in a bid to attract advertisers.
Many product sponsors hire electronic and social media to advertise their products and services to a large audience.by the use of colourful and melodious jungles, electronic media tries to win over more consumers to a product.
Such as the jingles "ladoo k lashkaray jag mug kapray saray” and
“kabhi kabhi dag tu achay hotay hain” gained instant success.
similarly,in magazines, and newspapers, colourful and graphic advertisements of new and improved products are displayed which stimulate the feelings of the audience and persuade them to buy the product.
3. Entertaining:
Entertainment is the most common function of mass communication. When used for entertainment, the mass media publicize such programs as are pleasurable to the consumers or at least they provide the audience with some sort of escape of diversion from anxieties of daily life.
For example, Newspapers for this purpose may include comics, crossword puzzles and the like. Televisions may show situation comedies, drama, variety shows, etc for example a decade ago it was a norm of almost every Pakistani family to watch 8’0 clock drama .nowadays, this trend has been replaced by the morning shows.now women remain glued to tv in the mornings.Radio entertainment primarily consists of music, talk shows, etc.

conclusion:
mas communication is to communicate to a larger audience using elements of mass media.it has many functioons,information,entertainment and persuasion.

Originally Posted by Qurban Ali Qureshi

SADIA SHAFIQ what do you say about my approach to this question?