Repeated Questions of Psychology, Topic Wise, Updated (2013)

[JS1325]

I am simply updating the rigorous work performed by Roshan Wadhwani, I have updated the sticky thread with the same title and am posting it here too so that it can be accessed by those who do not view sticky threads.

Following is the topic-wise arrangement of Psychology Repeated Questions for Paper 1 updated as of 2013.

You can also download it in MS Word format from slypost.com
SlyID: PSY2013RQ

Best of luck, all.

Repeated Questions Of Psychology, Paper 1

The Foundations of Psychology


Critically evaluate different schools and systems of psychology. Discuss their scientific status in contemporary psychology. (2001).

How did behaviourism differ from earlier schools of psychology? What were the main objections of Gestalt Psychologists about behaviorism? (2002).

What makes Structuralism stand out as different from other schools and how it fits in recent trends in Psychology? Discuss. (2003)

Describe the aims and methods of Structuralism and Functionalism (2004)

Comment on recent trends in Psychology as viewed by Behaviorists. (2005)

Comment on RECENT TRENDS IN PSYCHOLOGY, duly supported by factual data. (2006)

Define Psychology, give its scope and write in brief about various schools of Psychology.(2007)

What are the major approaches or perspectives in modern psychology? (2008)

Define psychology and describe in brief about various schools of psychology (2009)

Define Psychology as a science of behaviour. List various schools and systems used in psychology. (2010)

State the definition of psychology as a science. Show your familiarity with the scope of Psychology. (2011)

How did theorists belonging to functionalism define psychology? How did functionalism influence psychology as the science of behavioral and mental processes? (2013)


Nervous System and Endocrine System


All of our thoughts, feelings and behaviour can ultimately be traced to the activity of neurons. Discuss. (2000)

Short Note: Endocrine disorder (2000)

Describe central and peripheral nervous system and their impact on human behaviour. (2001)

What is the endocrine system? Discuss the role of various hormones in regulating normal human development (2002)

Describe and explain the role of peripheral nervous system in determining the overt behaviour of an organism. (2003)

Name and define the three major subdivisions of Brain and describe their functions. (2004).

What is the role of ENDOCRINE GLAND in human body? (2006).

Write down the function of central and peripheral nervous system, and briefly give the structure and function of cell. (2007).

Identify and describe the major structures and functions of hind brain, mid brain and fore brain. (2008).
Short Note: Endocrine System (2008).

Describe the development of Nervous System with special reference on the central nervous system (2009).

Short Note: peripheral nervous system (2009).

Short Note: Brain (2009).

Describe structures and function of brain emphasizing the role of neurons as a unit of nervous system. (2010).

Describe briefly the structure and functions of central nervous system.(2011)

Short Notes: (2011)

Homeostasis

Endocrine system


Define the endocrine system. What are the functions of hormones? (2012)

Short Note: Neuron (5 marks), Cerebrum (5 marks), Homeostasis (5 marks) (2012)

Discuss role of brain in the experience of emotions. (2013)

Learning


It is believed that learning is any relatively permanent change in behaviour, capability or attitude that is acquired through experience. How far do you agree with it? Discuss with reference to the theories of learning. (2000)

How would you define learning? Also compare and contrast different views about reinforcement. In your option which one is significant? Give reasons. (2001)

How is “Shaping” used to condition a new response? In what ways principles of operant conditioning can be used for improving educational techniques? (2002)

Give a comprehensive account of primary (major) and secondary parameters for including a desired response through Conditioning. (2003)

Compare and contrast the principles of Operant and Classical conditioning and describe the impact of classical conditioning on everyday life. (2004)

What is AVOIDANCE CONDITIONING? Describe as to how, if at all, this can be used to reduce the alarming rate of road accidents. (2006)

Describe the significance of learning in life of an individual referring to different theories of learning. (2007)

Describe the process of classical conditioning and recognize the principles in real life situations. (2008)

Short Note: Reinforcement (2008)

Introduce the various theories of learning and Explain the concepts of classical conditioning. (2009)

Differentiate between classical conditioning and operant conditioning in context of human learning. (2010)

Define learning. Discuss the principle of reinforcement as related to both classical and operant conditioning. (2011)

Define learning. Describe acquisition, extinction and incentives explain motivated behavior. (2012)
Short Note: Latent learning (5 marks) (2012)
Define operant conditioning. How the processes involved in operant conditioning influence our everyday learning experiences? Justify your argument with examples. (2013)
Short Notes on (2013)

Latent Learning (5)
Interference theory of learning(5)

Motivation and Emotion


Elucidate this type of motive where the person is strongly motivated with “the desire to perform an act to gain a reward or to avoid undesirable consequences.” (2000)

In what ways biogenic motives differ with socio-genic motives? Support your views in the light of theoretical and experimental researches conducted recently.(2001)

Elucidate the differences between biogenic and socio-genic motives. How does Maslow’s hierarchy of Motives explain the relative standing of these motives? Give examples. (2002)

Describe how and what secondary motives determine one’s source of action in practical life. (2003)

Critically evaluate the theories of emotions. (2004)

Highlight and describe the main Motivational Factors which regulate the degree and quality of Learning. (2005)

How do you conceptualize “self-actualization?” What stages, according to Maslow, it has to pass through to reach the goal? Discuss (2005)

Give a comparative account of various theories of MOTIVATION. (2006)

Define Motivation. List the various theories of Motivation and explain any one of them. (2007)

Differentiate between motivation and emotions. Critically evaluate different theories of emotions (2008)


describe the nature of Emotions in reflection to different approaches for understanding Emotions. (2009)

Short Notes: (2009)

Maslow’s theory of motivation
Emotions and characters

Describe the significance of motivation in human life referring to any one theory of motivation. (2010).

Critically examine Maslow’s hierarchy of need theory. (2011)
Define motivation and discuss instincts, drives and incentives explain motivated behavior. (2012)
Short Note (2013)
Affiliation motive (5)


Personality


Amongst the theories of personality, which theory explains the long lasting effects on individual’s personality? Discuss. (2000)

Critically evaluate Freud’s theory of personality development. (2002)

Describe the role of socio-cultural factors in the development of personality. (2003)

Define Personality. Discuss in detail different type of personality tests. (2004)

Describe the role of Home and School Environment in shaping of one’s personality. (2005)

Describe the determining role of various factors in the development and grooming of PERSONALITY.(2006)

Define personality. Write in detail the Psychoanalytic theory of personality(2007)

Personality Tests (SHORT NOTE 2008)

List the various theories of personality and write about the best one in detail (2009)

Short Note: defence mechanism (2009)

Explain the psychoanalytic perspective of personality, giving details of Freud’s psychosexual stages of personality development.(2010)

Define personality. Discuss the Factors in development of personality.(2011)

Short Note: Personality test (2011)

Discuss Freud's psychoanalytic theory, including levels of consciences and three structure of personality. (2012)

What is the rationale behind using projective tests of personality? How TAT and Rorschach Ink Blot test are different in terms of their structure and psychometric qualities? (2013)

Short Note: (2013)
Defense mechanisms (5)

Sensation and Perception:

Discuss the major determinants of sensations. (2000)

Explain “what takes place in the perceptual process once the information from the situation is received by the individual.” (2001)

What are the main determinants of perception? Explain the effects of learning and motivation on perception. (2002)

Elucidates determinants of perception (any 5 out of listed 7) lodged within the individual alone. (2003)

Define perceptual constancy. Explain the influences that allow us to perceive constant size, shape and brightness. (2004)

What is meant by Determinants of Perception? Describe at least 5 out of 8 such major factors. (2005)

Highlight and describe the role of SUBJECTIVE and OBJECTIVE factors in the perception of objects in space. (2006)

Explain how a person's needs, beliefs, emotions and expectations can influence his or her perceptions? (2008)

Define perception and sensation and explain how five senses specially vision and hearing operate. (2010)

Distinguish between sensation and perception. Explain determinants of perception. (2011)

Define perception and consciousness. Explain how the types of perceptual constancy operate? (2012)

Short Note: Vision (5 marks), Illusions (5 marks) (2012)

How do individual and cultural factors influence our perception? Discuss with examples. (2013)

Short note: (2013)
Causes of illusions (5)

Socialization and Group Psychology

Discuss how political attitudes are formed, with specific reference of our cultural scenario. (2000)

Short notes (2000)
O Ethnicity
O Growing rate of suicide in Pakistan
O Socialization process

Critically examine the theories of prejudice with special reference to social learning, and motivational approaches. Also suggest two social psychological techniques for reducing various aspects of prejudice and stereotyping. (2001)
Discuss nature of groups. Also explain riots, and social loafing. (2001)

Write short notes on any TWO of the following. (2002)
•*Formation of opinions and attitudes
•*Prejudice
•*International tension
•*Group norms

How Prejudices are formed/ what role media can play in minimizing the hostile feelings? Discuss (2003)

How attitudes are formed? Discuss the role of learning and direct experience in formation of attitudes. (2004)

What is Group Dynamics? Describe the role, in your opinion; it can play in diffusing the tension at national and international level. Discuss. (2005)

What is implied by the process of Socialization? Enumerate and describe the impact of major agents of Social Change. (2005)

What is SOCIALIZATION? Can the process of monitored socialization help to reduce the sectarian / ethnic group feelings? Discuss. (2006)

Explain the process of socialization. Write down the stages involved in formation of opinions, attitudes and prejudice. (2007)

What is group dynamics? Write down the structure and function of Group referring to the group norms (2007)

Define attitude. Discuss the relationship between attitude and behavior (2008)

Short note: Socialization (2008)

Write down the components that comprise attitudes, especially in reflection to the cognitive and affective reactions to social Events. (2009)

SHORT NOTES (2011)
Prejudice
Group norms
Socialization
Inter group tension

Define attitude, its components and how attitudes are formed? (2012)

Short Note: Prejudice (5 marks) (2012)

Compare and contrast any two theories of attitude formation. Highlight their drawbacks as well. (2013)

Short Note (2013)
Agents of socialization (5)

[JS1325]

Following is the topic-wise arrangement of Psychology Repeated Questions for Paper 2 updated as of 2013.

My classification of topics for paper 2 differs from that of FPSC, so you might find it incompatible with course outline of FPSC, but be assured that it is inclusive to the best of my knowledge and does not miss a single question. In short, you can follow it safely.

You can also download it in MS Word format from slypost.com
SlyID: PSY2013RQ

Best of luck, all.

REPEATED QUESTIONS OF PSYCHOLOGY, PAPER 2 (UPDATED AS OF 2013)

Developmental Psychology

How do biological factors interact with environmental experiences to determine the course of development? (2000)

Describe the criteria that can be used distinguish between “normal” and “abnormal” behavior. What are the different sources of information that you will recommend for clinical diagnosis? (2000)

What is meant by “developmental irregularities?” How does heredity contribute to chromosomal abnormalities? (2000)

What are different methods of Developmental Psychology and how do psychologists employ theory and research to answer questions and hypothesis of interest? (2001)

Explain major highlights of physical, perceptual and social development after birth of a child. (2001)

Compare and contrast Piaget’s theory of cognitive development with information-processing theory. (2001)

Discuss the growth, maturation and learning is considered important to our understanding of human development. (2002)

What is chromosomal abnormality? Discuss the cause and consequences of chromosomal abnormalities for later development. (2002)

Compare and contrast Longitudinal and cross sectional methods, identifying the advantages and limitations of each. (2002)

Describe Piaget’s view of the cognitive development process, and define the roles of schemes, assimilation and equilibrium in the process. (2002)

Highlight the self-evident milestones in the process of development of logical thinking stage in early childhood. (2003)

Differentiate between growth and development. Describe the influence of nature on development. (2004)

Describe the principles and stages of Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development. (2004)

Discuss the ways in which abnormal behavior has been defined. (2004)

During early childhood significant Emotional Development begins to manifest.
Describe the characteristics pattern of development. (2005)

Highlight and describe the Developmental irregularities during pre-natal period of development and their probable causes. (2005)

How do biological factors interact with environmental experiences to determine the course of development? (2006)

What is meant by "developmental irregularities"? How does heredity contribute to chromosomal abnormalities? (2006)

Describe the criteria that can be used to distinguish between "normal" and "abnormal" behavior. What are the different sources of information that you
will recommend for clinical diagnosis? (2006)

Define Developmental Psychology. Describe the characteristics of Growth, Development and maturation in the light of methods of Developmental Psychology. (2007)

Explain the concepts of Genetic Factors, Heredity transmission and chromosomal abnormality with reference to developmental irregularities in children. (2007)

Describe in brief the distinguishing features of any TWO of the following (2007)

(a) Physical Development and Emotional Development
(b) Sensory and Motor Development.
(c) Intellectual and Personality Development
(d) Perceptual and Cognitive Development

Discuss Piaget's view of how mind develops and describe his cognitive stages.(2008)

Explain the environmental influences affecting adversely the development of neonate. (2008)

What are the chromosomal abnormalities that can take place in prenatal stage? What measures can be taken to prevent them? (2008)

Define growth, development and maturation and explain the role of biological and sociological factors in the process of development. (2009)

Differentiate between ANY TWO of the following development area 2009)
1.Physical and social development.
2. Sensory and intellectual development.
3. Perceptual and emotional development
4. Personality and fine motor development

Define growth and development and discuss the basic processes and stages of development highlighting the nature nurture theory (2010)

Explain the concept of abnormality. Briefly describe the goals of clinical diagnosis and write about either personality or behavioral assessment. (2010)

Explain the prenatal development and infancy period of development. Write down the role of genetics and heredity in chromosomal disorder or abnormality (2010)

What are the various areas of human development? Define and describe the significance of intellectual development in comparison with other areas of development in child development. (2010)

Describe Jean Piaget's four stages of development; and discuss the process of organization, adaptation, assimilation and accommodation. (2011)

Differentiate between maturation and development. Identify several factors that can be harmful to the developing fetus. 10+10 (2011)

Discuss different viewpoints regarding abnormality. (2011)

List three stages of pre-natal development and discuss the important
developmental events that occur during each stage (2012)

Differentiate between maturation and growth and also explain different methods of developmental psychology. (2012)

Describe cognitive skills that develop during each of Piaget's stages (2012)

Explain how psychological abnormality is defined. What are the advantages of DSM classification system of disorder? (2012)

Short Note: (2012)
Hereditary (5 marks),
Perceptual Development (5 marks)

Give your valuable comments on the importance of Developmental Psychology. (2013)

What do you know about various methods of studying infant behavior? Discuss. (2013)

Industrial Psychology: Job Satisfaction

Identify the important determinants of job satisfaction for workers in an industry. (2000)

What is job-satisfaction? Describe the role of Intrinsic and Extrinsic factors as determiners of job-satisfaction or dissatisfaction (2003)

What in your opinion, needs to be looked into by an industrial psychologist to ensure the smooth functioning of an industrial organization? Discuss. (2005)

Identify the important determinants of job satisfaction for workers in an industry. (2006)

What is the role of Psychology in an industrial setting? Write down the significance of group dynamics in improving work situation. (2007)

Job satisfaction- Short Note (2011)

What are various factors related to job satisfaction and also describe the relationship between job satisfaction and productivity? (2012)

Short Note: Job Satisfaction (5 Marks) (2013)

Antisocial/ Criminal Psychology

Discuss the role of biological and sociological factors in crime and drug addiction. (2000)

Give a critical appraisal of biological and sociological factors contributing to maladjustment of youth and crime in our society. (2002)

What psycho-sociological factors can be identified as mainly responsible for juvenile delinquent behavior with reference to Pakistan? Discuss and suggest
practical remedies. (2003)

List the components that interact to influence drug addiction in Pakistan. Suggest practical remedies. (2004)

What is implied by Maladjustment? Can increasing rate of crime be attributed to this factor alone? Discuss. (2005)

Discuss the role of biological and sociological factors in crime and drug addiction. (2006)

What is drug addiction? What are the factors that instigate an adolescent? (2008)

Describe the role of biological and sociological factors in development of maladjustment and criminal behaviour and explain the treatment strategies.(2009)

Describe what do you know about biological and sociological factors
relating to maladjustment and crime psychology? (2010)

SHORT NOTE (2011)
drug addiction

Short Note: (2012)
Drug Addiction (5 marks)
Juvenile Delinquency (5 marks)

Many theories have been advanced to explain the causes of Juvenile Delinquency. To your mind how our society may come to deal preventively with this problem? (2013)

Intelligence:

Define intelligence and Mental Retardation. Differentiate between IQ and EQ. (2001)

What do you understand by Intelligence? How can be intelligence assessed? (2004)

Comment on mental retardation and describe as to what best can be done to cope with? Discuss. (2005)

Define intelligence. Emphasize the role of IQ testing in identification of Mental Retardation referring to a few tests of intelligence testing. (2007)

Discuss both genetic and environmental influences on intelligence. Support your answer with evidence. (2008)

Define intelligence in reference to factors of intelligence and write how intelligence test can be used for identification of disability in general and mental retardation in specific. (2009)

Discuss several different approaches to defining intelligence. (2011)

Short Note: Intelligence (5 marks), Mental Retardation (2012)

“The study and measurement of intelligence has been an important topic for nearly hundred years.” Discuss in length the topic. Also describe briefly the main reasons of Mental Retardation?” (2013)

Short Note: Creativity (5 Marks) (2013)

Psychological Disorders

Describe the criteria that can be used distinguish between “normal” and “abnormal” behavior. What are the different sources of information that you will recommend for clinical diagnosis? (2000)

How will you differentiate between psychoneurotic and psychosomatic disorders? Give an account of anxiety disorders? (2000)

What are the different sources of information in clinical diagnosis? Why training and official permission is essential for a practicing psychotherapist? (2002)

Elucidate the sources of information used in clinical diagnosis. (2003)

Briefly describe as each of the following as being identified characteristically distinct from each other. (2003)
 Psychosomatic
 Psychosis
 Character disorders
 Psychosomatic disorders

Discuss the ways in which abnormal behavior has been defined. (2004)

Discuss biological and psychosocial theories that attempt to explain schizophrenia. State the major criticism for each theory. (2004)

Describe the potential, sources of information on which Reliable Clinical Diagnosis can be based. (2005)

Briefly describe the distinguishing features of each of the following. (2005)
• Psychoneurotic disorder
• Psychosis
• Psychosomatic disorder
• Character disorder

Describe the criteria that can be used to distinguish between "normal" and "abnormal" behavior. What are the different sources of information that you will recommend for clinical diagnosis? (2006)

How will you differentiate between psychoneurotic and psychosomatic disorders? Give an account of anxiety disorders. (2006)

List the various Psychoneurotic disorders and write in detail about any TWO of them. (2007)

Describe the Symptoms of Schizophrenia Disorders and discuss the causes of
Schizophrenia. (2008)

List the different types of assessment procedures/tools used for clinical diagnosis and explain the significance of clinical judgment in the process of assessment. (2009)

Explain the concept of abnormality. Briefly describe the goals of clinical diagnosis and write about either personality or behavioral assessment. (2010)

Show your familiarity with psychosomatic disorders. (2011)

Explain how psychological abnormality is defined. What are the advantages of DSM classification system of disorder? (2012)

Short Note: Anxiety (5 marks) (2012)

Why did American Psychiatric Association adopt multi-axial system of diagnosis in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM)? What are the distinguishing features of depression and generalized anxiety of virtue of which the two disorders have discrete diagnosis? (2013)

Therapies

What are the underlying principles and assumptions of behavior therapies?
Discuss the role of behavior therapy in behavior modification. (2000)

Describe basic milestones of Gestalt therapy and Humanistic-Existential therapy. In your opinion which therapy you would employ for treatment? (2001)

Give a critical appraisal of Rational Emotive Behavior therapy highlighting its merits and limitations. (2003)

What are the underlying principles and assumptions of behavior therapies? Discuss the role of behavior therapy in behavior modification? (2006)

Briefly explain any THREE of the following
(a) Somatic Therapies
(b) Environmental Therapies
(c) Psychoanalytic Therapies
(d) Gestalt Therapy
(e) Cognitive Therapies
(f) Behavior Therapies

Discuss Sigmund Freud's Psychotherapy in detail, also give its name. (2008)
List various therapies used in psychotically treatment and write about any two in detail. (2009)

Define therapy. List various therapies used in psychology and write about any one briefly (2010)

List and briefly describe different techniques of behaviour therapy. (2011)

Discuss the essential characteristics of client-centered therapy (2012)

Short Note: Group Therapy (5 marks) (2012)

Short Note: Behavior Modification (5 Marks) (2013)

“Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) is a form of psychotherapy and a philosophy of living created by Albert Ellis in 1950’s.” In your opinion to what extent can it be judged successful in the contemporary psychotherapies? (2013)

[Mehwish Pervez]

Kindly receommed me good books for this?

thank you

[Anis Ayub]

As the DSM-5 edition has been presented in APA annual meetings of association in May 2013,and quiet significant changes have been made in disorders, by adding few new disorders, their criteria and symptoms. Do we need to prepare disorders according to DSM-5 or we can mention the few changes that have been made along with description of DSM-4 disorders. I have prepared it according to DSM-4 which is given in the text books.
Valuable opinions of seniors Sir rubraiz, sir Roshan Wahdani and others are needed.
Waiting for prompt reply.
Thanks in anticipation.

[imaan77k]

Psychology book "themes and variations" is good or not?

[JS1325]

Originally Posted by Mehwish Pervez

Kindly receommed me good books for this?

thank you

I suggest consulting 2 books at least for every 100 marks. Following are the books I suggest, others may tell you otherwise

Wayne and Weiten's book for both paper 1 and 2. It is a step ahead of Feldman's book and I recommend it though I myself consulted Feldman (I did not know then that Weiten exists)

For paper 1: Rakhshanda Shahnaz (BA Psychology, part 1)
For paper 2: Zarrin Bukhari (BA Psychology, part 2)

Originally Posted by Anis Ayub

As the DSM-5 edition has been presented in APA annual meetings of association in May 2013,and quiet significant changes have been made in disorders, by adding few new disorders, their criteria and symptoms. Do we need to prepare disorders according to DSM-5 or we can mention the few changes that have been made along with description of DSM-4 disorders. I have prepared it according to DSM-4 which is given in the text books.
Valuable opinions of seniors Sir rubraiz, sir Roshan Wahdani and others are needed.
Waiting for prompt reply.
Thanks in anticipation.

Personally I don't think there will be a question of DSM V, but theoretically you should be prepared for anything.

Originally Posted by imaan77k

Psychology book "themes and variations" is good or not?

Good enough for a beginner

[aghaadnan]

sir should i refer HILDEGAARD AND MORGANS??