CSS Forums - Some important questions (Objectives)

[B][I][U][/U][/I][/B]SOME IMPORTANT QUESTION OF SOCIOLOGY

[I]Fill In The Blanks:
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1 Q Two psychologists who believed that mental retardation was caused by social causes were……….& ………..
Ans H. M. Skeels & H. B. Dye

2 Q Two psychologists who conducted experiments on rhesus monkeys to study the importance of early learning were………&……….
Ans Harry Harlow & Margaret Harlow

3 Q ………………is the process by which individuals learns the ways of the society.
Ans Socialization

4 Q …………coined the term ‘looking glass self’.
Ans Charles Horton Cooley

5 Q The two types of self-concept in the ‘looking glass self’ theory are……&…….
Ans Positive self-concept & Negative self-concept

6 Q According to Cooley, ‘looking glass self’ is a type of…………mirror.
Ans Social

7 Q A symbolic interactionist who taught at the University of Chicago was…..
Ans George Herbert Mead

8 Q A symbolic interactionist who taught at the University of Michigan was…..
Ans Charles Horton Cooley

9 Q The theory of ‘role-taking’ was developed by…….
Ans George Herbert Mead

10 Q According to Mead, the two parts of the self are…….&……
Ans I & Me

11 Q The earliest stage of ‘role-taking’ among children is called……
Ans Imitation.

12 Q The second stage of ‘role-taking’ among children is called……
Ans Play

13 Q The third stage of ‘role-taking’ among children is called……
Ans Games

14 Q According to Mead, the object part of the self is called…..
Ans ’Me’

15 Q According to mead, the subject part of the self is called……
Ans ’I’

16 Q According to Mead, symbols come from……
Ans The society

17 Q According to Mead, the human mind is the product of………
Ans The society.

18 Q According to Jean Piaget, between the ages 7 and 12, the stage of the development of reasoning among children is called……….
Ans Concrete operational stage

19 Q According to Jean Piaget, between the ages 2 and 7, the stage of the development of reasoning among children is called……….
Ans The preoperational stage

20 Q According to Jean Piaget, from about birth till about age 2, the stage of the development of reasoning among children is called……….
Ans The sensorimotor stage

21 Q According to Jean Piaget, after age 12, the stage of the development of reasoning among children is called……….
Ans The formal operational stage

22 Q According to Jean Piaget, children are able to draw conclusions from abstract concepts in the ………….stage.
Ans Formal operational stage

23 Q According to Jean Piaget, children are able to form only concrete concepts in the ………….stage.
Ans Concrete operational stage

24 Q According to Jean Piaget, children are able to understand symbols in the ………….stage.
Ans Preoperational stage

25 Q ……………….developed a theory about the origin of personality.
Ans Sigmund Freud
26 Q According to Freud, the……….represents the culture within us.
Ans The superego

27 Q According to Freud, when an individual puts self-gratification over society’s norm, his…………component of the personality is dominant.
Ans ID

28 Q According to Freud, someone who follows the norms of the society rigidly is ruled by…………….
Ans Superego

29 Q In a maladjusted person, the…….and the……are in conflict.
Ans Id and superego.

30 Q According to Paul Ekman ……………is one of the six basic emotions.
Ans Anger

31 Q One sociologist to study emotions is……
Ans Paul Ekman

32 Q …………..&………studied the role of gender messages in the process of socialization.
Ans Susan Goldberg and Michael Lewis

33 Q A group of similar aged individuals with common interests is referred to as…..
Ans A peer group

34 Q An example of a peer group is…….
Ans Friends.

35 Q One sociologist to study junior high school boys to determine the role of gender in socialization is…….
Ans Melissa Milkie

36 Q …………is an example of an agent of socialization.
Ans Family

37 Q The process of learning new norms as opposed to previous experiences is called…….
Ans Resocialization.

38 Q ……….coined the term total institution.
Ans Erving Goffman

39 Q An example of a total institution is……….
Ans Convent

40 Q …………………was a historian who studied European paintings from about 1000 to 1800 A.D to determine the role of children in the early European society.
Ans Philippe Ariès

State TRUE/FALSE:

1 Q Human beings have no natural language.
Ans TRUE

2 Q According to sociology, ‘nature’ is the natural environment around us.
Ans FALSE

3 Q According to sociology, ‘nurture’ refers to the natural environment around us.
Ans TRUE

4 Q Socialization needs to begin from childhood.
Ans TRUE

5 Q H. M Skeels coined the term ‘looking glass self’.
Ans FALSE

6 Q According to the ‘looking glass self’ theory, an individual forms a self-concept after analysing others’ reactions to him.
Ans TRUE

7 Q A favourable reflection in the ‘looking glass self’ leads to ‘positive self-concept’.
Ans TRUE

8 Q According to Cooley, the development of self is restricted to childhood.
Ans FALSE

9 Q According to George Herbert Mead, it is important to take on the role of others to function as a member of the society.
Ans TRUE

10 Q The stage of ‘imitation’ in ‘role-taking’ is confined to children aged 6 and above.
Ans FALSE

11 Q In the stage ‘games’ in ‘role-taking’, children imagine themselves to be somebody else, like a fire-fighter or a nurse.
Ans FALSE

12 Q According to Mead, ‘me’ is the object part of the self.
Ans TRUE

13 Q According to Mead , I’ is the subject part of the self.
Ans TRUE

14 Q According to Mead, individuals are passive in the process of socialization.
Ans FALSE

15 Q According to Mead, symbols come from the individual’s mind.
Ans FALSE

16 Q According to Jean Piaget, the formal operational stage among children is restricted to before the age of 12.
Ans FALSE

17 Q According to Jean Piaget, the concrete operational stage among children is restricted between the age of 7 and 12.
Ans TRUE

18 Q According to Jean Piaget, in the ‘formal operational stage’, children learn to form abstract concepts.
Ans TRUE

19 Q According to Jean Piaget, in the ‘preoperational stage’, children do not have the ability to interprete symbols.
Ans FALSE

20 Q According to Jean Piaget, in the ‘concrete operational stage’, children learn abstract concepts.
Ans FALSE

21 Q According to Jean Piaget, in the ’sensorimotor stage’, a child’s understanding is limited to his contact with the environment.
Ans TRUE

22 Q Sigmund Freud used psychoanalysis for treating emotional problems.
Ans TRUE

23 Q According to Freud, ego is the balancing force between ID and the demands of the society.
Ans TRUE

24 Q According to Freud, ID helps a person develop social consciousness.
Ans FALSE

25 Q According to Paul Ekman, surprise cannot be one of the six basic emotions.
Ans FALSE

26 Q Paul Ekman believed that the six basic emotions are built in our biology.
Ans TRUE

27 Q Socialization does not create a ’society within us’.
Ans FALSE

28 Q According to Susan Goldberg and Michael Lewis, mothers rewarded their daughters for being active and independent.
Ans FALSE

29 Q Classmates are an example of a peer group.
Ans TRUE

30 Q Religion is not an agent of socialization.
Ans FALSE
Questions & Answers

1 Q Name two elements that affect the socialization of an individual?
Ans Nature & Nurture

2 Q What is ‘nature’ according to sociology?
Ans In sociological terms, ‘nature’ refers to heredity.

3 Q Give an example of a study on ‘feral children’.
Ans The wild boy of Aveyron, France.

4 Q What is ‘nurture’ according to sociology?
Ans In sociological terms, ‘nurture’ refers to the social conditions surrounding an individual.

5 Q What is socialization?
Ans Socialization is a lifelong process by which an individual learns about the society’s culture and acquires skills to function as a member of the society.

6 Q What, according to Charles Horton Cooley, is ‘looking glass self’?
Ans According to Charles Horton Cooley, ‘looking glass self’ is the process by which an individual develops a sense of the self.

7 Q Briefly describe the three elements of the ‘looking glass self’
Ans The three elements of the ‘looking glass self’ are: i) One envisages how he/she appears to others; ii) One tries to infer the meaning of others’ reactions; iii) One develops a self-concept.

8 Q What is ‘role-taking’ among children?
Ans According to George Herbert Mead, children gradually learn to take the role of the others to understand how to behave and feel.

9 Q Name the three stages of ‘role-taking’ among children.
Ans Imitation, Play, Games

10 Q What, according to Mead, is ‘I’?
Ans According to Mead, ‘I’ is the subjective, creative, and active element of the self.

11 Q What, according to Mead, is ‘Me’?
Ans According to Mead, ‘me’ is the object part of the self, which is formed by one’s interactions with the others.

12 Q According to Mead, which part of an individual is the product of society?
Ans The human mind.

13 Q As stated by Jean Piaget, name the four stages a child goes through to learn how to reason.
Ans The sensorimotor stage, the preoperational stage, the concrete operational stage, the formal operational stage.

14 Q Briefly describe the sensorimotor stage among children.
Ans According to Piaget, in the sensorimotor stage, a child’s sense of reasoning is limited to his contact with the environment. For example, touching, sucking, crying, looking.

15 Q Briefly describe the concrete operational stage among children.
Ans According to Piaget, in the concrete operational stage, children learn to develop only concrete concepts. For example, they are able to learn mathematics, but may not be able to describe concepts such as honesty or liberty.

16 Q Briefly describe the preoperational stage among children.
Ans According to Piaget, in the preoperational operational stage, children develop the ability to interpret symbols.

17 Q Briefly describe the concrete operational stage among children.
Ans According to Piaget, in the formal operational stage, children are capable of abstract reasoning. They are able to draw conclusions from abstract ideas.

18 Q What is psychoanalysis?
Ans Psychoanalysis is a method of treating mental and emotional problems by exploring the unconscious areas of the human mind. It was developed by Freud.

19 Q According to Freud, what are the three elements of personality.
Ans Id, ego, superego.

20 Q What is ‘Id’, according to Freud?
Ans According to Freud, ‘Id’ is that part of personality that an individual is born with. It helps a newborn in meeting his basic needs, like his cries for hunger.

21 Q According to Freud, what is ‘ego’?
Ans According to Freud, the ‘ego’ refers to that part of personality that strikes a balance between the ‘id’ of a person and the expectations of the environment around him.

22 Q According to Freud, what is ’superego’?
Ans According to Freud, the ’superego’ of a person is the moral consciousness within him. It is the culture, norms, and values that an individual internalizes.

23 Q According to Freud, which component of the personality helps an individual to lead a balanced life?
Ans The ego.

24 Q According to Paul Ekman, what are the six basic emotions one feels?
Ans Anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise

25 Q What do sociologists mean by the term ’society within us’?
Ans The term ’society within us’ refers to the fact that our behaviour and thought patterns are often shaped by the society through the process of socialization.

26 Q What is a peer group?
Ans A peer group is a group that consists of individuals of the same age and they are usually bound together by the sharing of common interests.

27 Q Who are the agents of socialization?
Ans All those people and groups who shape an individual’s orientation to life, society, and self are referred to as the agents of socialization.

28 Q According to sociologist Melvin Kohn, which group of parents use physical force to socialize their children?
Ans The working class parents.

29 Q What is resocialization?
Ans Resocialization refers to an individual’s learning of some new social and emotional norms contrary to his or past experiences.

30 Q What, according to Erving Goffman, is total institution?
Ans According to Erving Goffman, a total institution is a place where an individual is separated from the rest of the society and where he or she is in control of the officials in charge of that particular place. An example is a prison.