Thursday, March 28, 2024
07:52 PM (GMT +5)

Go Back   CSS Forums > CSS Optional subjects > Group VII > Sociology

Sociology Notes and Topics on Sociology

Reply Share Thread: Submit Thread to Facebook Facebook     Submit Thread to Twitter Twitter     Submit Thread to Google+ Google+    
 
LinkBack Thread Tools Search this Thread
  #1  
Old Tuesday, July 26, 2011
Junior Member
 
Join Date: Mar 2010
Posts: 15
Thanks: 31
Thanked 5 Times in 5 Posts
Officer_DMG is on a distinguished road
Default Effects of Transfer of Payments on Social Mobility

I have attempted the following question of 2008. Seniors are requested to comments and highlight the flaws and shortcomings of mine. Rate my answer also.

Thanks in advannce




QUESTION: WHAT DO YOU UNDERSTAND BY SOCIAL MOBILITY? DISCUSS, “DO TRANSFER OF PAYMENTS AID OR DISCOURAGE SOCIAL MOBILITY”. 2008

INTRODUCTION:

The wish for a higher status and income than one’s parents is the demand of the present day modern world. Therefore, Man strives for attaining a prosper position in the society. The process whereby people achieve or fail to achieve this prosperity is called Social Mobility. In Pakistan, people are now moving towards cities for getting a high and well facilitated standard of life, this is an example of Social Mobility.

DEFINITION OF SOCIAL MOBILITY:

According to Fairchild, Social Mobility is a movement from one condition to another in a society. Whereas Bredemyer and Stephenson describes Social Mobility as moving of an individual or group of people in a society from one status to another.

Form the above definitions it is evident that Social Mobility is an act of movement from one condition to another or adoption of another condition for progressing. In other words, it is a rejection of a social class to adjust with the new ways of life. Social Mobility may be explained as the act of moving from one social class to another. An open class society is one in which mobility is high whereas closed class society is one in which there is little mobility. In modern world many countries are seeking to increase social mobility to make people happier and provide opportunity for the work, the members of society best suited.

FORMS OF SOCIAL MOBILITY

Social mobility can be divide in three forms according to the directions or progress of the individual or groups of people in a society in terms of mobility, as follow:-

VERTICAL MOBILITY

It is defined as any upward or downward change in the absolute or related rank of any individual or group. When an individual or group of people achieve a higher status in the society by income, profession, residence, job, education, marrying a woman of higher status, etc it is called upward mobility. When an individual or group of people lose its status in the society such as lost of job, physical handicapness is called downward mobility. Both, the downward and upward mobility can be summarized as Vertical Mobility.

HORIZONTAL MOBILITY

It is defined as no significant change up or down in the social status of individual or group. When an individual or group of people change its position without any change in status such as transfer of an employee in the same scale and salary is an example of Horizontal Mobility.

GEOGRAPHICAL MOBILITY

Movement of an individual or group of people from one area to another in a society is called geographical mobility. It can be both horizontal and vertical. Migration of people from one place to another is an example of geographical mobility. Geographical movement happens due to getting a job, for acquiring education, expansion in business, marriages outside the area.

EFFECTS OF TRANSFER OF PAYMENTS ON SOCIAL MOBILITY

Industrialized countries made a good deal of progress in terms of spreading prosperity. However, there is still a portion of population living in poverty. This grows in economically depressed times such as the depression of 1980 in United States of America. Government collects revenues from the taxpayers to run the affairs of its management and welfare of the people. In Pakistan, Public Sector Development Project is a very good example of transfer of payments. The government allocates a good amount of its revenue for this project. A big portion of the national income is consumed on the welfare of the poor class in cash or kind. Government subsidized education; housing projects, health and Medicare are the example of transfer of payments. However, poor class as well as middle is benefited from the same. Government extends subsidies on food items as wheat, sugar, ghee provided in the Utility Stores to help the poor class and move in the society. This progress the mobility of poor class towards upward mobility. On the other hand the poor class pays less tax on their income and receive a large part of earnings. In Pakistan, Benzair Income Support Programme is another example of mobility of poor class by transfer of Payments to change their status in the society.

CONCLUSION:

Given the above facts, Social Mobility is the change in the status of an individual or group of people in a society. From the beginning, man is always in pursuit of higher status in as society. Social Mobility in closed class is very low whereas in open class there is high rate of mobility. The industrialized as well as underdeveloped countries are trying to decrease the gap between the poor class and middle class through transfer of payments. Therefore, it subsidized different commodities to help the poor class but simultaneously the middle class profited at great extent for these subsidize.
Reply With Quote
The Following User Says Thank You to Officer_DMG For This Useful Post:
sayira (Monday, August 15, 2011)
  #2  
Old Tuesday, July 26, 2011
40th CTP (IRS)
CSP Medal: Awarded to those Members of the forum who are serving CSP Officers - Issue reason: CE 2011 - Merit 58
 
Join Date: Jul 2010
Location: lahore
Posts: 218
Thanks: 23
Thanked 249 Times in 136 Posts
soloflyer has a spectacular aura aboutsoloflyer has a spectacular aura about
Default

Quote:
Originally Posted by Officer_DMG View Post
I have attempted the following question of 2008. Seniors are requested to comments and highlight the flaws and shortcomings of mine. Rate my answer also.

Thanks in advannce




QUESTION: WHAT DO YOU UNDERSTAND BY SOCIAL MOBILITY? DISCUSS, “DO TRANSFER OF PAYMENTS AID OR DISCOURAGE SOCIAL MOBILITY”. 2008

INTRODUCTION:

The wish for a higher status and income than one’s parents is the demand of the present day modern world. Therefore, Man strives for attaining a prosper position in the society. The process whereby people achieve or fail to achieve this prosperity is called Social Mobility. In Pakistan, people are now moving towards cities for getting a high and well facilitated standard of life, this is an example of Social Mobility.

DEFINITION OF SOCIAL MOBILITY:

According to Fairchild, Social Mobility is a movement from one condition to another in a society. Whereas Bredemyer and Stephenson describes Social Mobility as moving of an individual or group of people in a society from one status to another.

Form the above definitions it is evident that Social Mobility is an act of movement from one condition to another or adoption of another condition for progressing. In other words, it is a rejection of a social class to adjust with the new ways of life. Social Mobility may be explained as the act of moving from one social class to another. An open class society is one in which mobility is high whereas closed class society is one in which there is little mobility. In modern world many countries are seeking to increase social mobility to make people happier and provide opportunity for the work, the members of society best suited.

FORMS OF SOCIAL MOBILITY

Social mobility can be divide in three forms according to the directions or progress of the individual or groups of people in a society in terms of mobility, as follow:-

VERTICAL MOBILITY

It is defined as any upward or downward change in the absolute or related rank of any individual or group. When an individual or group of people achieve a higher status in the society by income, profession, residence, job, education, marrying a woman of higher status, etc it is called upward mobility. When an individual or group of people lose its status in the society such as lost of job, physical handicapness is called downward mobility. Both, the downward and upward mobility can be summarized as Vertical Mobility.

HORIZONTAL MOBILITY

It is defined as no significant change up or down in the social status of individual or group. When an individual or group of people change its position without any change in status such as transfer of an employee in the same scale and salary is an example of Horizontal Mobility.

GEOGRAPHICAL MOBILITY

Movement of an individual or group of people from one area to another in a society is called geographical mobility. It can be both horizontal and vertical. Migration of people from one place to another is an example of geographical mobility. Geographical movement happens due to getting a job, for acquiring education, expansion in business, marriages outside the area.

EFFECTS OF TRANSFER OF PAYMENTS ON SOCIAL MOBILITY

Industrialized countries made a good deal of progress in terms of spreading prosperity. However, there is still a portion of population living in poverty. This grows in economically depressed times such as the depression of 1980 in United States of America. Government collects revenues from the taxpayers to run the affairs of its management and welfare of the people. In Pakistan, Public Sector Development Project is a very good example of transfer of payments. The government allocates a good amount of its revenue for this project. A big portion of the national income is consumed on the welfare of the poor class in cash or kind. Government subsidized education; housing projects, health and Medicare are the example of transfer of payments. However, poor class as well as middle is benefited from the same. Government extends subsidies on food items as wheat, sugar, ghee provided in the Utility Stores to help the poor class and move in the society. This progress the mobility of poor class towards upward mobility. On the other hand the poor class pays less tax on their income and receive a large part of earnings. In Pakistan, Benzair Income Support Programme is another example of mobility of poor class by transfer of Payments to change their status in the society.

CONCLUSION:

Given the above facts, Social Mobility is the change in the status of an individual or group of people in a society. From the beginning, man is always in pursuit of higher status in as society. Social Mobility in closed class is very low whereas in open class there is high rate of mobility. The industrialized as well as underdeveloped countries are trying to decrease the gap between the poor class and middle class through transfer of payments. Therefore, it subsidized different commodities to help the poor class but simultaneously the middle class profited at great extent for these subsidize.

Hi ,
Although I am no authority on sociology but there are few suggestions that I would like to make. First of all , you must understand what the question demands from you.

WHAT DO YOU UNDERSTAND BY SOCIAL MOBILITY? DISCUSS, “DO TRANSFER OF PAYMENTS AID OR DISCOURAGE SOCIAL MOBILITY”

So two things are clear. You have to define mobility and then concentrate on transfer of payments as a source or hindrance in social mobility.

The examiner did not ask about forms of mobility , so no need to mention it.

What you did not discuss was , the factors that aid in mobility. And those factors that prevent mobility.

You did mention that in an open class society , there is a chance of mobility. But what is the difference between an open class and closed class society.

The next thing that you should discuss is a simple example.

Ahmad gets 5000 rupees from government and with the simple lifestyle of ahmad , it is not difficult to live on 5000 rupees. In that case transfer of payments is a total loss of money. The practical example is of many Bangladeshis and Pakistanis who are residing in uk and live on social welfare programs run by the government. Oscar wilde said that helping the poor by giving them money will only keep them poor. What we need to do is teach them skill or give them enough money that will allow them to run a business. So instead of giving subsidy on electricity the government decides to use the same amount of money to run a manufacturing unit that will add value to our agriculture products, this is a much better idea. This unit will give employment to people and also add to the national income of a country.

I can go on with this question. But what I wanted to make clear was , that you deviated from the main course of question. The aim should not be to write more , rather you should write to the point.

Moreover you also need to work on your English.

For example” Man strives for attaining a prosper position in the “ . this sentence is wrong. It would be better if you write it as , man strives hard to attain a prosperous position in life.


I hope these corrections will help you in refining your answer

Regards,
Reply With Quote
The Following 5 Users Say Thank You to soloflyer For This Useful Post:
amubin (Tuesday, July 26, 2011), Officer_DMG (Wednesday, July 27, 2011), Rumiena (Thursday, January 17, 2013), sayira (Monday, August 15, 2011)
  #3  
Old Wednesday, July 27, 2011
Junior Member
 
Join Date: Mar 2010
Posts: 15
Thanks: 31
Thanked 5 Times in 5 Posts
Officer_DMG is on a distinguished road
Default

tnx brother.
I'm very happy to see my shortcomings. It is my first attempt of CSS preparation. Keep me guiding with your valuable views.


"All intelligent thoughts have already been thought; what is necessary is only to try to think them again"
Reply With Quote
  #4  
Old Wednesday, July 27, 2011
40th CTP (IRS)
CSP Medal: Awarded to those Members of the forum who are serving CSP Officers - Issue reason: CE 2011 - Merit 58
 
Join Date: Jul 2010
Location: lahore
Posts: 218
Thanks: 23
Thanked 249 Times in 136 Posts
soloflyer has a spectacular aura aboutsoloflyer has a spectacular aura about
Default

well if you need any further help ..then i am always here ..no need to worry brother
Reply With Quote
The Following User Says Thank You to soloflyer For This Useful Post:
Officer_DMG (Thursday, July 28, 2011)
  #5  
Old Thursday, July 28, 2011
Junior Member
 
Join Date: Mar 2010
Posts: 15
Thanks: 31
Thanked 5 Times in 5 Posts
Officer_DMG is on a distinguished road
Default

Salam!
I again consulted my book of Horton for the said question. In the topic of Poverty there is a sub topic Transfer Payments which I reproduced in the above answer. Is Transfer of Payments and Transfer Payments is two different things. Plaz clarify.

waiting for reply.
Reply With Quote
  #6  
Old Friday, July 29, 2011
amubin's Avatar
Senior Member
 
Join Date: Oct 2009
Location: Peshawar
Posts: 175
Thanks: 153
Thanked 83 Times in 40 Posts
amubin is on a distinguished road
Default

Quote:
Originally Posted by Officer_DMG View Post
Salam!
I again consulted my book of Horton for the said question. In the topic of Poverty there is a sub topic Transfer Payments which I reproduced in the above answer. Is Transfer of Payments and Transfer Payments is two different things. Plaz clarify.

waiting for reply.
Brother,as far as I understand that Transfer payment question was asked in Social Mobility ..

I think the topic you are telling might be related to Poverty ..

confirm me too If I am wrong ..
Reply With Quote
  #7  
Old Friday, July 29, 2011
40th CTP (IRS)
CSP Medal: Awarded to those Members of the forum who are serving CSP Officers - Issue reason: CE 2011 - Merit 58
 
Join Date: Jul 2010
Location: lahore
Posts: 218
Thanks: 23
Thanked 249 Times in 136 Posts
soloflyer has a spectacular aura aboutsoloflyer has a spectacular aura about
Default

you need to understand what is transfer of payments? if you understand it . .then whether the examiner asks it in social mobility or poverty ...there should be no problem ...
in fact it is related to both of the issues...
people are poor so they need transfer of payments...but when they get transfer payments do they get rich ? or do they get used to it ? they get lethargic and do not work hard?
or transfer payments are completely useless ? since it only adds burden to the economy ?
these are the questions that you need to clear in your mind. once you understand it ..then you can write it in poverty or social mobility or anywhere else
Reply With Quote
The Following 2 Users Say Thank You to soloflyer For This Useful Post:
Officer_DMG (Thursday, August 04, 2011), sayira (Monday, August 15, 2011)
  #8  
Old Thursday, August 04, 2011
Junior Member
 
Join Date: Mar 2010
Posts: 15
Thanks: 31
Thanked 5 Times in 5 Posts
Officer_DMG is on a distinguished road
Default

thank you brother, now I got it.
Reply With Quote
Reply

Thread Tools Search this Thread
Search this Thread:

Advanced Search

Posting Rules
You may not post new threads
You may not post replies
You may not post attachments
You may not edit your posts

BB code is On
Smilies are On
[IMG] code is On
HTML code is Off
Trackbacks are On
Pingbacks are On
Refbacks are On


Similar Threads
Thread Thread Starter Forum Replies Last Post
Psychology, By David G. Myers, 6th Edition sarfrazmayo Psychology 24 Sunday, July 20, 2014 03:47 PM
Developmental psychology by sarfraz ahmad mayo sarfrazmayo Psychology 2 Tuesday, July 16, 2013 11:33 PM
Social change zuhaib amed Sociology 0 Friday, April 01, 2011 08:39 PM
Sociology Notes khuhro Sociology 6 Friday, August 27, 2010 12:21 AM
Social Studies an overview Naseer Ahmed Chandio Sociology 1 Thursday, August 26, 2010 09:19 PM


CSS Forum on Facebook Follow CSS Forum on Twitter

Disclaimer: All messages made available as part of this discussion group (including any bulletin boards and chat rooms) and any opinions, advice, statements or other information contained in any messages posted or transmitted by any third party are the responsibility of the author of that message and not of CSSForum.com.pk (unless CSSForum.com.pk is specifically identified as the author of the message). The fact that a particular message is posted on or transmitted using this web site does not mean that CSSForum has endorsed that message in any way or verified the accuracy, completeness or usefulness of any message. We encourage visitors to the forum to report any objectionable message in site feedback. This forum is not monitored 24/7.

Sponsors: ArgusVision   vBulletin, Copyright ©2000 - 2024, Jelsoft Enterprises Ltd.