CSS Forums - History of Islam (Year by Year)

[B][COLOR="Teal"][U]History of Islam (Year by Year)[/U][/COLOR][/B]

1) 6th century
545 Birth of Hazrat Abdullah, the Holy Prophet's father.
571 Birth of the Holy Prophet (Õáì Çááå Úáíå æÓáã ). Year of the Elephant. Invasion of Makkah by Abraha the Viceroy of Yemen, his retreat (military forces go back).

577 The Holy Prophet (Õáì Çááå Úáíå æÓáã ) visits Madina with his mother. Death of his mother.

580 Death of Abdul Muttalib, the grandfather of the Holy Prophet ( Õáì Çááå Úáíå æÓáã).

583 The Holy Prophet's journey to Syria in the company of his uncle Abu Talib. His meeting with the monk Bahira at Bisra, who foretells of his prophet hood.

586 The Holy Prophet (Õáì Çááå Úáíå æÓáã ) participates in the war of Fijar.

591 The Holy Prophet (Õáì Çááå Úáíå æÓáã ) becomes an active member of "Hilful Fudul", a league for the relief of the distressed.

594 The Holy Prophet (Õáì Çááå Úáíå æÓáã ) becomes the Manager of the business of Lady Khadijah (ÑÖì Çááå ÚäåÇ) and leads her trade caravan to Syria and back.

595 The Holy Prophet (Õáì Çááå Úáíå æÓáã ) marries Hazrat Khadijah.

2) 7th century

605 The Holy Prophet (Õáì Çááå Úáíå æÓáã ) arbitrates in a dispute among the Quraish about the placing of the Black Stone in the Kaaba.

610 The first revelation in the cave at Mt. Hira. The Holy Prophet ( Õáì Çááå Úáíå æÓáã) is commissioned as the Messenger of God.

613 Declaration at Mt. Sara inviting the general public to Islam.

614 Invitation to the Hashimites to accept Islam.

615 Persecution of the Muslims by the Quraish. A party of Muslims leaves for Abyssinia ( ÍÈÔå ).

616 Second Hijrah to Abyssinia (ÍÈÔå ).

617 Social boycott of the Hashimites and the Holy Prophet ( Õáì Çááå Úáíå æÓáã ) by the Quraish. The Hashimites are shut up in a glen outside Makkah.

619 Lifting of the boycott. Deaths of Abu Talib and Hazrat Khadijah (ÑÖì Çááå ÚäåÇ) ,Year of sorrow (ÚÇã ÇáÍÒä ).

620 Journey to Taif. Ascension to the heavens.

621 First pledge (solemn promise ÈíÚÊ ) at Aqaba.

622 Second pledge at Aqaba. The Holy Prophet (Õáì Çááå Úáíå æÓáã ) and the Muslims migrate to Yathrib.

623: Nakhla (äÎáå) expedition (journey or voyage for a particular purpose ).

624 Battle of Badr. Expulsion of the Bani Qainuqa ( Èäæ ÞíäÞå) Jews from Madina.

625 Battle of Uhud. Massacre of 70 Muslims at Bir Mauna. Expulsion of Banu Nadir Jews from Madina. Second expedition (journey or voyage for a particular purpose) of Badr.

626 Expedition (journey or voyage for a particular purpose) of Banu Mustaliq ( ÈäæãÕØáÞ ).

627 Battle of the Trench (long narrow deep ditch ÎäÏÞ). Expulsion of Banu Quraiza Jews.

628 Truce (temporary agreement to cease hostilities) of Hudaibiya. Expedition (journey or voyage for a particular purpose ) to Khyber. The Holy Prophet (Õáì Çááå Úáíå æÓáã) addresses letters to various heads of states.

629 The Holy Prophet (Õáì Çááå Úáíå æÓáã ) performs the pilgrimage at Makkah. Expedition (journey or voyage for a particular purpose) to Muta (Romans).

630 Conquest of Makkah. Battles of Hunain, Auras, and Taif.

631 Expedition (journey or voyage for a particular purpose) to Tabuk ( ÊÈæß ). Year of Deputations (delegations).

632 Farewell pilgrimage at Makkah.

632 Death of the Holy Prophet (Õáì Çááå Úáíå æÓáã ). Election of Hazrat Abu Bakr (ÑÖì Çááå Úäå) as the Caliph. Usamah leads expedition (journey or voyage for a particular purpose) to Syria. Battles of Zu Qissa and Abraq. Battles of Buzakha, Zafar and Naqra. Campaigns against Bani Tamim and Musailima ( ãÓíáãå ßÐÇÈ), the Liar.

633 Campaigns in Bahrain, Oman, Mahrah Yemen, and Hadramaut (ÍÖÑãæÊ ). Raids in Iraq. Battles of Kazima, Mazar, Walaja, Ulleis, Hirah, Anbar, Ein at tamr, Daumatul Jandal and Firaz.

634 Battles of Basra, Damascus and Ajnadin. Death of Hazrat Abu Bakr. Hazrat Umar Farooq becomes the Caliph. Battles of Namaraq and Saqatia.

635 Battle of Bridge. Battle of Buwaib. Conquest of Damascus (ÏãÔÞ ). Battle of Fahl.
636 Battle of Yermuk. Battle of Qadsiyia. Conquest of Madain.
637 Conquest of Syria. Fall of Jerusalem . Battle of Jalula.
638 Conquest of Jazirah.
639 Conquest of Khuizistan. Advance into Egypt.
640 Capture of the post of Caesaria in Syria. Conquest of Shustar and Jande Sabur in Persia. Battle of Babylon in Egypt.
641 Battle of Nihawand. Conquest of Alexandria in Egypt.
642 Battle of Rayy in Persia. Conquest of Egypt. Foundation of Fustat.
643 Conquest of Azerbaijan and Tabaristan (Russia).
644 Conquest of Fars, Kerman, Sistan, Mekran and Kharan. Martyrdom ( ÔåÇÏÊ) of Hazrat Umar. Hazrat Usman (ÑÖì Çááå Úäå) becomes the Caliph.
645 Campaigns in Fats.
646 Campaigns in Khurasan, Armeain and Asia Minor.
647 Campaigns in North Africa. Conquest of the island of Cypress.
648 Campaigns against the Byzantines.
651 Naval battle of the Masts against the Byzantines.
652 Discontentment (anger) and disaffection against the rule of Hazrat Usman ( ÑÖì Çááå Úäå ).
656 Martyrdom of Hazrat Usman (ÑÖì Çááå Úäå ). Hazrat Ali (ÑÖì Çááå Úäå)( (ÑÖì Çááå Úäå)) becomes the Caliph. Battle of the Camel (Ìãá ).
657 Hazrat Ali (ÑÖì Çááå Úäå) shifts the capital from Madina to Kufa. Battle of Siffin. Arbitration proceedings at Daumaut ul Jandal.
658 Battle of Nahrawan.
659 Conquest of Egypt by Hazrat Mu'awiyah (ÑÖì Çááå Úäå ).
660 Hazrat Ali (ÑÖì Çááå Úäå) recaptures Hijaz and Yemen from Hazrat Mu'awiyah ( ÑÖì Çááå Úäå). Hazrat Mu'awiyah (ÑÖì Çááå Úäå ) declares himself as the Caliph at Damascus.
661 Martyrdom of Hazrat Ali. Accession of Hazrat Hasan ( ÑÖì Çááå Úäå) and his abdication. Hazrat Mu'awiyah (ÑÖì Çááå Úäå) becomes the sole Caliph.
662 Khawarij revolts.
666 Raid of Sicily.
670 Advance in North Africa. Uqba bin Nafe founds the town of Qairowan in Tunisia. Conquest of Kabul.
672 Capture of the island of Rhodes. Campaigns in Khurasan.
674 The Muslims cross the Oxus. Bukhara becomes a vassal state.
677 Occupation of Sarnarkand and Tirmiz. Siege (blockade) of Constantinople.
680 Death of Hazrat Mu'awiyah (ÑÖì Çááå Úäå ). Accession of Yazid. Tragedy of Kerbala and martyrdom of Hazrat HussainÑÖì Çááå Úäå) .
682 In North Africa Uqba bin Nafe marches to the Atlantic, is ambushed and killed at Biskra. The Muslims evacuate Qairowan and withdraw to Burqa.
683 Death of Yazid. Accession of Mu'awiyah II.
684 Abdullah bin Zubair declares himself as the Caliph at Makkah. Marwan I becomes the Caliph' at Damascus. Battle of Marj Rahat.
685 Death of Marwan I. Abdul Malik becomes the Caliph at Damascus. Battle of Ain ul Wada.
686 Mukhtar declares himself as the Caliph at Kufa.
687 Battle of Kufa between the forces of Mukhtar and Abdullah bin Zubair. Mukhtar killed.
691 Battle of Deir ul Jaliq. Kufa falls to Abdul Malik.
692 The fall of Makkah. Death of Abdullah bin Zubair. Abdul Malik becomes the sole Caliph.
695 Khawarij revolts in Jazirah and Ahwaz. Battle of the Karun. Campaigns against Kahina in North Africa. The Muslims once again withdraw to Barqa. The Muslims advance in Transoxiana and occupy Kish.
3) [B]8th Century [/B]
700 Campaigns against the Berbers in North Africa.
702 Ashath's rebellion in Iraq, battle of Deir ul Jamira.
705 Death of Abdul Malik. Accession of Walid I as Caliph.
711 Conquests of Spain, Sind and Transoxiana.
712 The Muslims advance in Spain, Sind and Transoxiana.
713 Conquest of Multan.
715 Death of Walid I. Accession of Sulaiman.
716 Invasion of Constantinople.
717 Death of Sulaiman. Accession (taking over) of Umar bin Abdul Aziz.
720 Death of Umar bin Abdul Aziz. Accession of Yazid II.
724 Death of Yazid II. Accession of Hisham.
725 The Muslims occupy Nimes in France.
732 The battle of Tours in France.
737 The Muslims meet reverse at Avignon in France.
740 Shia revolt under Zaid bin Ali. Berber revolt in North Africa . Battle of the Nobles.
741 Battle of Bagdoura in North Africa.

742 The Muslim rule restored in Qiarowan.

743 Death of Hisham. Accession of Walid II. Shia revolt in Khurasan under Yahya bin Zaid.

744 Deposition of Walid I1. Accession of Yazid II1 and his death. Accession of Ibrahim and his overthrow. Battle of Ain al Jurr. Accession of Marwan II.

745 Kufa and Mosul occupied by the Khawarjites.

746 Battle of Rupar Thutha, Kufa and Mosul occupied by Marwan II.

747 Revolt of Abu Muslim in Khurasan.

748 Battle of Rayy.

749 Battles of lsfahan and Nihawand. Capture of Kufa by the Abbasids. As Saffah becomes the Abbasid Caliph at Kufa.

750 Battle of Zab. Fall of Damascus. End of the Umayyads.

751 Conquest of Wasit by the Abbasid. Murder of the Minister Abu Salama.

754 Death of As Saffah. Accession of Mansur as the Caliph.

755 Revolt of Abdullah bin Ali. Murder of Abu Muslim. Sunbadh revolt in Khurasan.

756 Abdul Rahman founds the Umayyad state in Spain.

762 Shia revolt under Muhammad (Nafs uz Zakia) and Ibrahim.

763 Foundation of Baghdad. Defeat of the Abbasids in Spain.

767 Khariji state set up by Ibn Madrar at Sijilmasa. Ustad Sees revolt in Khurasan.

772 Battle of Janbi in North Africa. Rustamid. state set up in Morocco.

775 Death or the Abbasid Caliph Mansur, Accession of Mahdi,

777 Battle of Saragossa in Spain.

785 Death of the Caliph Mahdi. Accession of Hadi.

786 Death of Hadi. Accession of Harun Ur Rashid.

788 Idrisid state set up in the Maghrib. Death of Abdul Rahman of Spain, and accession of Hisham.

792 Invasion of South France.

796 Death of Hisham in Spain; accession of al Hakam.

799 Suppression of the revolt of the Khazars.

4) [B]9th century [/B]

800 The Aghlabid rule is established in North Africa.

803 Downfall of the Barmakids. Execution (Putting to death) of Jafar Barmki.

805 Campaigns against the Byzantines. Capture of the islands of Rhodes and Cypress.

809 Death of Harun Ur Rashid. Accession of Amin.

814 Civil war between Amin and Mamun. Amin killed and Mamun becomes the Caliph.

815 Shia revolt under Ibn Tuba Tabs.

816 Shia revolt in Makkah; Harsama puts down the revolt. In Spain the Umayyads capture the island of Corsica.

817 Harsama killed.

818 The Umayyads of Spain capture the islands of Izira, Majorica, and Sardinia.

819 Mamun comes to Baghdad.

820 Tahir establishes the rule of the Tahirids in Khurasan.

822 Death of AI Hakam in Spain; accession of Abdul Rahman. II.

823 Death of Tahir in Khurasan. Accession of Talha and his deposition. Accession of Abdullah bin Tahir.

827 Mamun declares the Mutazila (ãÚÊÒáå ) creed (dogma ãÓáß) as the state religion.

833 Death of Mamun. Accession of Mutasim.

836 Mutasim shifts the capital to Samarra. 837 Revolt of the Jats.

838 Revolt of Babek in Azerbaijan suppressed.

839 Revolt of Maziar in Tabaristan. The Muslims occupy South Italy. Capture of the city of Messina in Sicily.

842 Death of Mutasim, accession of Wasiq.

843 Revolts (Rebellion, Revolution) of the Arabs.

847 Death of Wasiq, accession of Mutawakkil.

850 Mutawakkil restores orthodoxy.

849 Death of the Tahirid ruler Abdullah bin Tahir; accession of Tahir II.

852 Death of Abdur Rahman II of Spain; accession of Muhammad I.

856 Umar bin Abdul Aziz founds the Habbarid rule in Sind.

858 Mutawakkil founds the town of Jafariya.

860 Ahmad founds the Samanid rule in Transoxiana.

861 Murder of the Abbasid Caliph Mutawakkil; accession of Muntasir.

862 Muntasir poisoned to death; accession of Mutasin.

864 Zaidi state established in Tabaristan by Hasan bin Zaid.

866 Mutasim flies from Samarra, his deposition and accession of Mutaaz.

867 Yaqub bin Layth founds the Saffarid rule in Sistan.

868 Ahmad bin Tulun founds the Tulunid rule in Egypt.

869 The Abbasid Caliph Mutaaz forced to abdicate, his death and accession of Muhtadi.

870 Turks revolt against Muhtadi, his death and accession of Mutamid.

873 Tahirid rule extinguished.

874 Zanj revolt in South Iraq. Death of the Samanid ruler Ahmad, accession of Nasr.

877 Death of Yaqub bin Layth in Sistan, accession of Amr bin Layth.

885 Death of Ahmad bin Tulun in Egypt, accession of Khamar- wiyiah.

866 Death of Muhammad I ( the Umayyad ruler of Spain), accession of Munzir. Death of Abdullah bin Umar the Habbari ruler of Sind.

888 Death of Munzir the Umayyad ruler of Spain, accession of Abbullah.

891 The Qarmatian state established at Bahrain.

892 Death of the Samanid ruler Nasr, accession of Ismail.

894 The Rustamids become the vassals of Spain.

896 Death of the Tulunid ruler Khamarwiyiah; accession of Abul Asakir Jaish.

897 Assassination of Abul Asakir Jaish; accession of Abu Musa Harun.

898 Qarmatians sack (destroy) Basra
5) [B]10th century [/B]

902 Death of the Abbasid Caliph Muktafi; death of the Saffarid ruler Amr.

903 Assassination of the Qarmatian ruler Abu Said; accession of Abu Tahir.

905 Abdullah bin Hamdan founds the Hamdanid rule in Mosul and Jazirah. End of the Tulunid rule in Egypt.

907 Death of the Abbasid Caliph Muktafi; accession of Muqtadir,

908 End of the Saffarid rule, annexation of their territories by the Samanids.

909 Ubaidullah overthrows the Aghlablds and founds the Fatimid rule in North Africa.

912 Death of the Umayyad Amir Abdullah in Spain, accession of Abdur Rahman III.

913 Assassination of the Samanid ruler Ahmad II, accession of Nasr II.

928 Mardawij bin Ziyar founds the Ziyarid rule in Tabaristan.

929 Qarmatians sack Makkah and carry away the Black Stone from the Holy Kaaba. In Spain, Abdur Rahman III declares himself as the Caliph.

931 Deposition and restoration of the Abbasid Caliph Muqtadir. Death of the Qarmatian ruler Abu Tahir; accession of Abu Mansur.

932 Death of the Abbasid Caliph Muqtadir; accession of Al Qahir.

934 Deposition of the Abbasid Caliph AI Qahir; accession of Ar Radi. Death of the Fatimid Caliph Ubaidullah; accession of Al Qaim.

935 Assassination of the Ziyarid ruler Mardawij; accession of Washimgir. Death of Hamdanid ruler Abdullah bin Hamdan accession of Nasir ud Daula.

936 By coup Ibn Raiq becomes the Amir ul Umara.

938 By another coup power at Baghdad is captured by Bajkam.

940 Death of the Abbasid Caliph Ar Radi, accession of Muttaqi.

941 Assassination of Bajkam, capture of power by Kurtakin.

942 Ibn Raiq recaptures power.

943 Al Baeidi captures power. The Abbasid Caliph Muttaqi is forced to seek refuge with the Hamdanids. Sail ud Daula captures power at Baghdad and the Caliph returns to' Baghdad. Power is captured by Tuzun and Sail ud Daula retires' to Mosul. Death of the Samanid ruler Nasr II, accession of Nuh.

944 Muttaqi is blinded and deposed, accession of Mustakafi.

945 Death of Tuzun. Shirzad becomes Amir Ul Umra. The Buwayhids capture power. Deposition of the Abbasid Caliph Mustakafi.

946 Death of the Fatimid Caliph A1 Qaim. Accession of Mansur. Death of the Ikhshid ruler Muhammad bin Tughj, accession of Abul' Qasim Ungur. 951: The Qarnaatiana restore the Black Stone to the Holy Kaaba.

954 Death of the Sasanid ruler Nuh, accession of Abdul Malik.

961 Death of the Samanid ruler Abdul Malik, accession of Manauf. Alptgin founds the rule of the Ghazanavids. Death of the Umayyad Caliph Abdul Rahman III in Spain; accession of Hakam. Death of the Ikhshid ruler Ungur accession of Abul Hasan Ali.

965 Death of the Qarmatian ruler Abu Mansur; accession of Hasan Azam. Assassination of the Ikhshid ruler Abul Hasan Ali; power captured by Malik Kafur.

967 Death of the Buwayhid Sultan Muiz ud Daula, accession of Bakhtiar. Death of the Hamdanid ruler Sail ud Daula.

968 Byzantines occupy Aleppo. Death of the Ikhshid ruler Malik Kafur; accession of Abul Fawaris.

969 The Fatimids conquer Egypt.

972 Buluggin bin Ziri founds the rule of the Zirids Algeria.

973 Shia Sunni disturbances in Baghdad; power captured in Baghdad by the Turkish General Subuktgin.

974 Abdication of the Abbasid Caliph AI Muttih; accession of At Taii.

975 Death of the Turk General Subuktgin. Death of the Fatimid Caliph Al Muizz.

976 The Buwayhid Sultan Izz ud Daula recaptures power with the help of his cousin Azud ud Daula. Death of the Samanid ruler Mansur, accession of Nuh II. In Spain death of the Umayyad Caliph Hakam, accession of Hisham II.

978 Death of the Buwayhid Sultan Izz ud Daula, power captured by Azud ud Daula. The Hamdanids overthrown by the Buwayhids.

979 Subuktgin becomes the Amir of Ghazni.

981 End of the Qarmatian rule at Bahrain.

982 Death of the- Buwayhid Sultan Azud ud Daula; accession of Samsara ud Daula.

984 Death of the Zirid ruler Buluggin, accession of Mansur.

986 The Buwyhid Sultan Samsara ud Daula overthrown by Sharaf ud Daula.

989 Death of the Buwayhid Sultan Sharaf ud Daula, accession of Baha ud Daula.

991 Deposition of the Abbasid Caliph at Taii, accession of AI Qadir.

996 Death of the Zirid ruler Mansur, accession of Nasir ud Daula Badis.

997 Death of the Samanid ruler Nuh II, accession of Mansur II.

998 Death of the Samanid ruler Mansur II, accession of Abdul Malik II. Mahmud becomes the Amir of Ghazni.

999 End of the Samanids.

6)[B] 11th century [/B]

1001 Mahmud Ghazanavi defeats the Hindu Shahis.

1004 Mahmud captures Bhatiya.

1005 Mahmud captures Multan and Ghur.

1008 Mahmud defeats the Rajput confederacy.

1010 Abdication of Hisham II in Spain. Accession of Muhammad.

1011 In Spain Muhammad is overthrown by Sulaiman.

1012 In Spain power is captured by Bani Hamud. Death of the Buwayhid Baha ud Daula, accession of Sultan ud Daula.

1016 Death of the Zirrid ruler Nasir ud Daula Badis; accession of AI Muizz.

1018 In Spain power is captured by Abdul Rahman IV.

1019 Conquest of the Punjab by Mahmud Ghazanavi.

1020 The Buwayhid Sultan ud Daula is Overthrown by Musharaf ud Daula, Death of the Fatimid Caliph AI Hakim, accession of Al Zahir.

1024 In Spain assassination of Abdul Rahman IV, accession of Mustafi.

1025 Death of the Buwayhid Mushgraf ud Daula, accession of Jalal ud Daula.

1029 In Spain death of Mustaft, accession of Hisham III.

1030 Death of Mahmud Ghazanavi.

1031 In Spain deposition of Hisharn III, and end of the Umayyad rule. Death of the Abbasid Caliph Al Qadir, accession of Al Qaim.

1036 Death of the Fatimid Caliph AI Zahir, accession of Mustansir. Tughril Beg is crowned as the king of the Seljuks .

1040 Battle of Dandanqan, the Seljuks defeat the Ghazanavids. Deposition of Masud the Ghazanavid Sultan, accession of Muhammad. AI Moravids come to power in North Africa.

1041 The Ghazanavid Sultan Muhammad is overthrown by Maudud.

1044 Death of the Buwayhid Jalal ud Daula, accession of Abu Kalijar.

1046 Basasiri captures power in Baghdad.

1047 The Zirids in North Africa repudiate allegiance to the Fatimid and transfer allegiance to-the Abbasids.

1048 Death of the Buwayhid Abu Kalijar, accession of Malik Ur Rahim.

1050 Yusuf bin Tashfin comes to power in the Maghrib.

1055 Tughril Beg overthrows the Buwayhids.

1057 Basasiri recaptures power in Baghdad, deposes Al Qaim and offers allegiance to the Fatimid Caliph.

1059 Tughril Beg recaptures power in Baghdad, al Qaim is restored as the Caliph.

1060 Ibrahim becomes the Sultan of Ghazni. Yusuf bin Tashfin founds the city of Marrakesh. The Zirids abandon their capital Ashir and establish their capital at Bougie.

1062 Death of the Zirid ruler AI Muizz, accession of Tamin.

1063 Death of the Seljuk Sultan Tughril Beg; accession of Alp Arsalan.

1071 Battle of Manzikert, the Byzantine emperor taken captive by the Seljuks.

1073 Death of Alp Arsalan, accession of Malik Shah.

1077 Death of the Abbasid Caliph AI Qaim, accession of AI Muqtadi.

1082 The A1 Moravids conquer Algeria.

1086 Battle of Zallakha. The AI Moravids defeat the Christians in Spain. Death of the Rum Sejuk Sultan Sulaiman, accession of Kilij Arsalan.

1091 The Normans conquer the island of Sicily; end of the Muslim rule.

1092 Death of the Seljuk Sultan Malik Shah, accession of Mahmud.

1094 Death of Mahmud; accession of Barkiaruk. Death of the Abbasid Caliph AI Muqtadi, accession of Mustahzir.

1095 The first crusade.

1099 The crusaders capture Jerusalem.
[B]
7) 12th century [/B]

1101 Death or the Fatimid Caliph Al Mustaali, accession of Al Aamir.

1105 Death of the Seljuk Sultan Barkiaruk, accession Of Muhammad.

1106 Death of the AI Motavid Yusuf bin Tashfin.

1107 Death of the Rum Seljuk Sultan Kilij Arsalan, succession of Malik Shah.

1108 Death of the Zirid ruler Tamin, accession of Yahya.

1116 Death of the Rum Seljuk Sultan Malik Shah. Accession of Rukn ud Din Masud.

1118 Death of the Seljuk Sultan Muhammad; accession of Mahmud II. Death of the Abbasid Caliph Mustahzir, accession of Mustarshid. In Spain the Christians capture Saragossa.

1121 Death of the Fatimid Caliph AI Aamir, accession of AI Hafiz.

1127 Imad ud Din Zangi establishes the Zangi rule In Mosul.

1128 Death of the Khawarzam Shah Qutb ud Din Muhammad; accession of Atsiz.

1130 Death of the Seljuk Sultan Mahmud II; accession of Tughril Beg II.

1134 Assassination of the Abbasid Caliph Mustarshid; accession of Al Rashid. Death of the Seljuk Sultan Tughril Beg II, accession of Masud.

1135 Deposition of the Abbasid Caliph AI Rashid, accession of AI Muktafi.

1144 Imad ud Din Zangi captures Edessa from the Christians, second crusade.

1146 Death of Imad ud Din Zangi, accession of Nur ud Din Zangi.

1147 In the Maghrib AI Moravids overthrown by the Al Mohads under Abul Mumin.

1148 End of the Zirid rule' in North Africa.

1149 Death of the Fatimid Caliph AI Hafiz, accession of AI Zafar.

1152 Death of the Seljuk Sultan Masud, accession of Malik Shah II. Hamadid rule extinguished in North Africa.

1153 Death of the Seljuk Sultan Malik Shah I1, accession of Muhammad II.

1154 Death of the Fatimid Caliph AI Zafar, accession of AI Faiz.

1156 Death of the Rum Seljuk Sultan Rukn ud Din Masid, accession of Arsalan II.

1159 Death of the Seljuk Sultan Muhammad II, accession of Gulaiman.

1160 Death of the Abbasid Caliph AI Mukta, accession of Al Mustanjid. Death of the Fatimid Caliph Al Faiz, accession of Al Azzid.

1161 Death of the Seljuk Sulaiman, accession of Arsalan Shah.

1163 Death of the AI Mohad ruler Abul Mumin, accession of Abu Yaqub Yusuf.

1170 Death of the Abbasid Caliph Mustanjid, accession of Al Mustazii.

1171 Death of the Fatimid Caliph AI Azzid. End of the Fatimids. Salah ud Din founds the Ayyubid dynasty in Egypt .

1172 Death of the Khawarzam Shah Arsalan, accession of Sultan Shah.

1173 The Khawarzam Shah Sultan Shah is overthrown by Tukush Shah.

1174 Salah ud Din annexes Syria.

1175 The Ghurids defeat the Guzz Turks and occupy Ghazni.

1176 Death of the Seljuk Sultan Arsalan Shah, accession of Tughril Beg III.

1179 Death of the Abbasid Caliph AI Mustazaii, accession of AI Nasir. Shahab ud Din Ghuri captures Peshawar.

1185 Death of the AI Mohad ruler Abu Yaqub Yusuf, accession of Abu Yusuf Yaqub.

1186 The Ghurids overthrow the Ghaznvaids in the Punjab.

1187 Salah ud Din wrests Jerusalem from the Christians, third crusade.

1191 Battle of Tarain between the Rajputs and the Ghurids.

1193 Death of Salah ud Din; accession of Al Aziz. Second battle of Tarain.

1194 Occupation of Delhi by the Muslims. End of the Seljuk rule.

1199 Death of the Khawarzam Shah Tukush Shah; accession of Ala ud Din. Death of the AI Mohad ruler Abu Yusuf Yaqub ; accession of Muhammad Nasir. Conquest of Northern India and Bengal by the Ghurids.

8) [B]13th century [/B]

1202 Death of the Ghurid Sultan Ghias ud Din; accession of Mahmud.

1204 Shahab ud Din Ghuri defeated by the Ghuzz Turks.

1206 Death of Shahab ud Din Ghuri. Qutb ud Din Aibik crowned king in Lahore.

1210 Assassination of the Ghurid Sultan MahmUd, accession of Sam. Death of Qutb ud Din Aibak, accession of Aram Shah in India.

1211 End of the Ghurid rule, their territories annexed by the Khawarzam Shahs. In India Aram Shah overthrown by Iltutmish.

1212 Battle of AI Uqab in Spain, end of the AI Mohad rule in Spain. The AI Mohads suffer defeat by the Christians in Spain at the Al-Uqba. The AI Mohad Sultan An Nasir escapes to Morocco where he dies soon after. Accession of his son Yusuf who takes over title of AI Mustansir.

1214 In North Africa death of the AI Mohad ruler Al Nasir, accession of Al Mustansir. The Banu Marin under their leader Abdul Haq occupy the north eastern part of Morocco.

1216 The Banu Marin under their leader Abdul Haq occupy north eastern part of Morocco. The AI Mohads suffer defeat by the Marinids at the battle of Nakur. The Banu Marin defeat the AI Mobads at the battle of Nakur.

1217 The Marinids suffer defeat in the battle fought on the banks of the Sibu river. Abdul Haq is killed and the Marinids evacuate Morocco. In the battle of Sibu the Marinids suffer defeat; their leader Abdul Haq is killed and they evacuate Morocco.

1218 Death of the Ayyubid ruler AI Adil, accession of AI Kamil. The Marinids return to Morocco under their leader Usman and occupy Fez.

1220 Death of the Khawarzam Shah Ala ud Din, accession of Jalal ud Din Mangbarni.

1222 Death of the Zangi ruler Nasir ud Din Mahmud, power captured by Badr ud Din Lulu.

1223 Death of the Al Mohad ruler Muntasir, accession of Abdul Wahid. Death of Yusuf AI Mustansir, accession of Abdul Wahid in Morocco. In Spain a brother of Yusuf declares his independence and assumes the title of AI Adil. In Spain Abu Muhammad overthrows AI Adil. AI Adil escapes to Morocco and overthrows Abdul Wahid.

1224 Death of the AI Mohad ruler Abdul Wahid, accession of Abdullah Adil.

1225 Death of the Abbasid Caliph AI Nasir, accession of AI Mustansir.

1227 Death of the AI Mohad ruler Abdullah Adil, accession of Mustasim. Assassination of Al Adil, accession of his son Yahya who assumes the throne under the name of Al Mustasim.

1229 Death of the AI Mohad ruler Mustasim, accession of Idris. The Ayyubid AI Kamil restores Jerusalem to the Christians. Abu Muhammad dies in Spain and is succeeded by Al Mamun. AI Mamun invades Morocco with Christian help. Yahya is defeated and power is captured by Al Mamun. He denies the Mahdiship of Ibn Tumarat.

1230 End of the Khawarzam Shah rule.

1232 Death of the AI Mohad ruler Idris, accession, of Abdul Wahid II. Assassination of Al Mamun; accession of his son Ar-Rashid.

1234 Death of the Ayyubid ruler AI Kamil, accession of AI Adil.

1236 Death of Delhi Sultan Iltutmish. Accession of Rukn ud Din Feroz Shah.

1237 Accession of Razia Sultana as Delhi Sultan.

1240 Death of Ar-Rashid; accession of his son Abu Said.

1241 Death of Razia Sultana, accession of Bahram Shah.

1242 Death of Bahram Shah, accession of Ala ud Din Masud Shah as Delhi Sultan. Death of the AI Mohad rules Abdul Wahid, accession of Abu Hasan. Death of the Abbasid Caliph Mustansir, accession of Mustasim.

1243 Death of the AI Mohad ruler Abdul Walid II, accession of

1244 The Al Mohads defeat the Marinids at the battle of Abu Bayash. The Marinids evacuate Morocco.

1245 The Muslims reconquer Jerusalem.

1246 Death of the Delhi Sultan Ala ud Din Masud Shah, accession of Nasir ud Din Mahmud Shah.

1248 Death of the AI Mohad ruler Abul Hasan, accession of Omar Murtaza. Abu Said attacks Tlemsen, but is ambushed and killed; accession of his son Murtada.

1250 The Marinids return to Morocco, and occupy a greater part thereof.

1258 The Mongols sack (destroy) Baghdad. Death of the Abbasid Caliph Mustasim. End of the Abbasid rule. Fall of Baghdad, end of the Abbasid caliphate. The Mongol II-Khans under Halaku establish their rule in Iran and Iraq with the capital at Maragah. Berek Khan the Muslim chief of the Golden Horde protests against the treatment meted out to the Abbasid Caliph and withdraws his Contingent from Baghdad.

1259 Abu Abdullah the Hafsid ruler declares himself as the Caliph and assumes the name of AI Mustamir.

1260 Battle of Ayn Jalut in Syria. The Mongols are defeated by the Mamluks of Egypt, and the spell of the invincibility of the Mongols is broken. Baybars becomes the Mamluk Sultan.

1262 Death of Bahauddin Zikriya in Multan who is credited with the introduction of the Suhrawardi Sufi order in the Indo-Pakistan sub-continent.

1265 Death of Halaku (åáÇßæ ). Death of Fariduddin Ganj Shakkar the Chishti saint of the Indo-Pakistan sub-continent.

1266 Death of Berek Khan the first ruler of the Golden Horde to be converted to Islam. The eighth crusade. The crusaders invade Tunisia. Failure of the crusade.

1267 Malik ul Salih establishes the first Muslim state of Samudra Pasai in Indonesia. Murtada seeks the help of the Christians, and the Spaniards invade Morocco. The Marinids drive away the Spaniards from Morocco. Assassination of Murtada; accession of Abu Dabbas.

1269 Abu Dabbas is overthrown by the Marinida, End of the Al Mohads. End of the rule of the AI Mohads in Morocco , the Marinids come to power in Morocco under Abu Yaqub.

1270 Death of Mansa Wali the founder of the Muslim rule in Mali.

1272 Death of Muhammad I the founder of the state of Granada. Yaghmurason invades Morocco but meets a reverse at the battle

1273 Death of Jalaluddin Rumi.

1274 Death of Nasiruddin Tusi. The Marinids wrest Sijilmasa from the Zayenids. Ninth crusade under Edward I of England . The crusade ends in fiasco and Edward returns to England.

1277 Death of Baybars.

1280 Battle of Hims.

1283 Death of Yaghmurasan. Accession of his son Usman.

1285 Tunisis splits in Tunis and Bougie.

1286 Death of Ghiasuddin Balban. Death of Abu Yusuf Yaqub. Bughra Khan declares his independence in Bengal under the name of Nasiruddin.

1290 End of the slave dynasty Jalaluddin Khilji comes into power. Usman embarks on a career of conquest and by 1290 C.E. most of the Central Maghreb is conquered by the Zayanids.

1291 Saadi.

1296 Alauddin Ghazan converted to Islam.

1299 Mongols invade Syria. The Marinids besiege Tlemsen the capital of the Zayanids.

9) 14th century

1301 In Bengal, Death of Ruknuddin the king of Bengal, succeeded by brother Shamsuddin Firuz.

1302 In Granada, Death of Muhammad II; succession of Muhammad III.

1304 In the Mongols II Khans Empire, Death of Ghazan, succession of his brother Khudabanda Ul Jaytu. In Algeria, Death of Usman, succession of his son Abu Zayan Muhammad.

1305 In the Khiljis Empire, Alauddin Khilji conquers Rajputana.

1306 In the Chughills Empire, Death of Dava, succession of his son Kunjuk.

1307 In the Marinids Empire, Assassination of the Marinid Sultan Abu Yaqub Yusuf; accession of Abu Thabit

1308 In the Chughills Empire, Deposition of Kunjuk, power captured by Taliku. In Algeria, Death of Abu Zayan Muhammad, succession of his brother Abu Hamuw Musa. In the Marinids Empire, Abu Thabit overthrown by Abu Rabeah Sulaiman.

1309 In the Chughills Empire, Assassination of Taliku, accession of Kubak. In Granada, Muhammad III overthrown by his uncle Abul Juyush Nasr.

1310 In the Chughills Empire, Kubak overthrown by his brother Isan Buga. In the Marinids Empire, Abu Rabeah Sulaiman overthrown by Abu Said Usman. In the Khiljis Empire, Alauddin conquers Deccan.

1312 In Tunisia, In Tunis Abul Baqa is overthrown by Al Lihiani.

1313 In the Mongols II Khans Empire, Invasion of Syria, the Mongols repulsed. In the Golden Horde Empire, Death of Toktu, accession of his nephew Uzbeg.

1314 In Kashmir, Rainchan an adventurer from Baltistan overthrows Sinha Deva the Raja of Kashmir. Rainchan is converted to Islam and adopts the name of Sadrud Din. In Granada, Abul Juyush overthrown by his nephew Abul Wahid Ismail.

1315 In Tunisia, War between Bougie and Tunis, Lihani defeated and killed. Abu Bakr becomes the ruler of Bougie and Tunis.

1316 In the Mongols II Khans Empire, Death of Khudabanda Ul Jaytu, succession of Abu Said. In the Khiljis Empire, Death of Alauddin, accession of Shahabuddin Umar, usurpation of power by Malik Kafur, a Hindu convert.

1318 In the Khiljis Empire, Assassination of Malik Kafur, deposition of Shahabuddin Umar, accession of Qutbuddin Mubarak. In the Chughills Empire, Isan Buga overthrown by Kubak.

1320 In the Khiljis Empire, Assassination of Qutbuddin Mubarak, usurpation of power by Khusro Khan a Hindu convert. Khusro Khan overthrown by Ghazi Malik. End of the rule of Khiljis. In Tunisia, Abu Bakr expelled from Tunis by Abu Imran. In the Tughluqs Empire, Ghazi Malik founds the rule of the Tughluq dynasty.

1321 In the Chughills Empire, Death of Kubak, succession of Hebbishsi who is overthrown by Dava Temur.

1322 In the Chughills Empire, Dava Temur overthrown by Tarmashirin, who is converted to Islam. In Bengal, Death of Shamsuddin Firuz. The kingdom divided into two parts. Ghiasuddin Bahadur became the ruler of East Bengal with the capital at Sonargaon, Shahabuddin became the ruler of West Bengal with the capital at Lakhnauti.

1324 In Bengal, Shahabuddin dies and is succeeded by his brother Nasiruddin.

1325 In the Tughluqs Empire, Death of Ghazi Malik (Ghiasuddin Tughluq); accession of his son Muhammad Tughluq. In Granada, Assassination of Abul Wahid Ismail, succession of his son Muhammad IV. Assassination of Muhammad IV. Accession of his brother Abul Hallaj Yusuf. In the Samudra Pasai Empire, Death of Malik al Tahir I, accession of Malik al Tahir II. In Bengal, With the help of Ghiasuddin Tughluq, Nasiruddin over-throws. Ghiasuddin Bahadur and he becomes the ruler of United Bengal.

1326 In the Ottoman Turks Empire, Death of Usman, succession of Orkhan. Orkhan conquers Bursa and makes it his capital.

1327 In the Ottoman (Usman) Turks Empire, The Turks capture the city of Nicaea.

1329 In the Tughluqs Empire, Muhammad Tughluq shifts the capital from Delhi to Daulatabad in Deccan.

1330 In the Chughills Empire, Death of Tramashirin, succession of Changshahi. Amir Hussain establishes the rule of the Jalayar dynasty at Baghdad. In Tunisia, Abu Bakr overthrows Abu Imran and the state is again united, under him. In Bengal, Muhammad bin Tughluq reverses the policy of his father and restores Ghiasuddin Bahadur to the throne of Sonargeon.

1331 In the Marinids Empire, Death of Abu Said Usman, sucession of Abul Hasan. In Bengal, Annexation of Bengal by the Tughluqs.

1335 In the Mongols II Khans Empire, Death of Abu Said, power captured by Arpa Koun. In the Chughills Empire, Assassination of Changshahi, accession of Burun.

1336 In the Mongols II Khans Empire, Arpa defeated and killed, succeeded by Musa. Birth of Amir Temur . In the Jalayar Empire, Death of Amir Hussain, succession of Hasan Buzurg. In the Ottoman Turks Empire, The Turks annex the state of Karasi. In Bengal, The Tughluq Governor at Sonargeon assassinated by armour bearer who captured power and declared his independence assuming the name of Fakhruddin Mubarak Shah.

1337 In the Mongols II Khans Empire, The rule of Musa overthrown, Muhammad becomes the Sultan. In the Sarbadaran Empire, On the disintegration of the II-Khan rule, Abdur Razaq a military adventurer establishes an independent principality in Khurasan with the capital at Sabzwar. In the Muzaffarids Empire, On the disintegration of the II Khan rule Mubarazud Din Muhammad established the rule of the Muzaffarid dynasty. In the Ottoman Turks Empire, The Turks capture the city of Nicomedia. In Algeria, Algeria is occupied by Marinids.

1338 In the Mongols II Khans Empire, Muhammad overthrown, succession of Sati Beg. Sati Beg marries Sulaiman who becomes the co-ruler.

1339 In Kashmir, Death of Sadrud Din, throne captured by a Hindu Udyana Deva. In the Chughills Empire, Deposition of Burun, accession of Isun Temur. In Bengal, The Tughluq Governor at Lakhnauti-Qadr Khan assassinated and power is captured by the army commander-in-chief who declares his independence and assumes the title of Alauddin Ali Shah.

1340 In the Muzaffarids Empire, The Muzaffarids conquer Kirman. In the Chughills Empire, Deposition of Isun Temur, accession of Muhammad.

1341 In the Golden Horde Empire, Death of Uzbeg, succession of his son Tini Beg.

1342 In the Golden Horde Empire, Tini Beg overthrown by his brother Jani Beg.

1343 In the Chughills Empire, Muhammad overthrown, power captured by Kazan. In Bengal, Ilyas an officer of Alauddin
murders his patron and captures the throne of West Bengal.

1344 In the Mongols II Khans Empire, Deposition of Sulaiman, succession of Anusherwan.

1345 In the Samudra Pasai Empire, Death of Malik al Tahir II, accession of Tahir III. His rule lasted throughout the fourteenth century. In Bengal, llyas captures East Bengal and under him Bengal is again united. He establishes his capital at Gaur.

1346 In the Chughills Empire, Deposition of Kazan, accession of Hayan Kuli. In Tunisia, Death of Abu Bakr, succession of his son Fadal. In Kashmir, Death of Udyana Deva, throne captured by Shah Mirza who assumed the name of Shah Mir, and rounded the rule of Shah Mir dynasty.

1347 The Marinids capture Tunisia. In the Bahmanids Empire, Hasan Gangu declares his independence and establishes a state in Deccan with the capital at Gulbarga.

1349 In Kashmir, Death of Shah Mir, accession of his son Jamshed. In Algeria, The Zayanids under Abu Said Usman recapture Algeria.

1350 In the Sarbadaran Empire, Revolt against Abdur Razaq. Power captured by Amir Masud. In Tunisia, Deposition of Fadal, succession of his brother Abu Ishaq. In Kashmir, Jamshed overthrown by his step brother Alauddin Ali Sher.

1351 In the Marinids Empire, Death of Abul Hasan, succession of Abu Inan. In the Tughluqs Empire, Death of Muhammad Tughluq accession of Firuz Shah Tughluq.

1352 In Algeria, The Marinids again capture Algeria. Abu Said Usman is taken captive and killed.

1353 End of the Mongol II Khan rule. In the Ottoman Turks Empire, The Turks acquire the fortress of Tympa on the European side of the Hollespoint. In the Muzaffarids Empire, The Muzaffarids conquer Shiraz and establish their capital there.

1354 In the Muzaffarids Empire, The Muzaffarids annex Isfahan. In Granada, Assassination of Abu Hallaj Yusuf, succession of his son Muhammad V.

1356 In the Jalayar Empire, Death of Hasan Buzurg, succession of his son Owaia.

1357 In the Golden Horde Empire, Death of Jani Beg, succession of Kulpa.

1358 In the Bahmanids Empire, Death of Hasan Gangu, accession of his son Muhammad Shah. In the Muzaffarids Empire, Death of Mubarazuddin Muhammad; accession of Shah Shuja. In the Marinids Empire, Assassination of Abu Inan, succession of Abu Bakr Said. In Bengal, Death of Ilyas, succession of his son Sikandar Shah.

1359 In the Ottoman Turks Empire, Death of Orkhan, succession of Murad. In the Muzaffarids Empire, Shah Shuja deposed by his brother Shah Mahmud. In Tunisia, Abul Abbas a nephew of Abu Ishaq revolts and establishes his rule in Bougie. In Algeria, The Zayanids under Abu Hamuw II recapture Algeria. In the Marinids Empire, Abu Bakr Said
overthrown by Abu Salim Ibrahim. In Granada, Muhammad V loses the throne in palace revolution, succeeded by Ismail.

1360 In the Muzaffarids Empire, Death of Shah Mahmud. Shah Shuja recaptures power. In the Chughills Empire, Power captured by Tughluq Temur. In Granada, Ismail overthrown by his brother-in-law Abu Said.

1361 In the Ottoman Turks Empire, Murad conquers a part of Thrace and establishes his capital at Demolika in Thrace . In the Golden Horde Empire, Kulpa overthrown by his brother Nauroz. In the Marinids Empire, Abu Salim Ibrahim overthrown by Abu Umar. Abu Umar overthrown by Abu Zayyan.

1362 In the Golden Horde Empire, State of anarchy. During 20 years as many as 14 rulers came to the throne and made their exit. In Granada, Abu Said overthrown by Muhammad V who comes to rule for the second time. In Kashmir, Death of Alauddin Ali Sher, succeeded by his brother Shahabuddin.

1365 In the Ottoman Turks Empire, The Turks defeat the Christians at the battle of Matiza, the Byzantine ruler becomes a vassal of the Turks.

1366 In the Marinids Empire, Assassination of Abu Zayyan, succession of Abu Faris Abdul Aziz.

1369 Power captured by Amir Temur. End of the rule of the Chughills. Amir Temur captures power in Transoxiana. In Tunisia, Death of Abu Ishaq. Succession of his son Abu Baqa Khalid.

1370 In Tunisia, Abu Baqa overthrown by Abul Abbas under whom the state is reunited. In the Sarbadaran Empire, Death of Amir Masud, succession of Muhammad Temur.

1371 In the Ottoman Turks Empire, Invasion of Bulgaria, Bulgarian territory upto the Balkans annexed by the Turks.

1372 In the Marinids Empire, Death of Abu Faris, succession of Abu Muhammad.

1374 In the Marinids Empire, Abu Muhammad overthrown by Abul Abbas.

1375 In the Sarbadaran Empire, Deposition of Muhammad Temur, power captured by Shamsuddin. In the Jalayar Empire, Death of Owais, succession by his son Hussain.

1376 In Kashmir, Death of Shahabuddin, succeeded by his brother Qutbuddin.

1377 In the Bahmanids Empire, Death of Muhammad Shah, succeeded by his son Mujahid.

1378 In the Bahmanids Empire, Mujahid assassinated, throne captured by his uncle Daud.

1379 Turkomans of the Black Sheep Empire, Bairam Khawaja found the independent principality of the Turkomans of the Black Sheep and established his capital at Van in Armenia. In the Bahmanids Empire, Assassination of Daud; accession of Muhammad Khan.

1380 In the Golden Horde Empire, Power is captured by Toktamish, a prince of the White Horde of Siberia. In Amir Temur's Empire, Amir Temur crosses the Oxus and conquers Khurasan and Herat. Amir Temur invades Persia and subjugates the Muzaffarids and Mazandaran.

1381 In Amir Temur's Empire, Annexation of Seestan, capture of Qandhar.

1384 In Amir Temur's Empire, Conquest of Astrabad, Mazandaran, Rayy and Sultaniyah. In the Muzaffarids Empire, Death of Shah Shuja, accession of his son Zainul Abdin. In the Marinids Empire, Abul Abbas overthrown by Mustansir. Turkomans of the Black Sheep Empire, Death of Bairam Khawaja, succession of Qara Muhammad.

1386 In Amir Temur's Empire, Annexation of Azerbaijan, Georgia overrun. Subjugation of Gilan and Shirvan. Turkomans of the Black Sheep defeated. In the Marinids Empire, Death of Mustansir, succession of Muhammad.

1387 In the Marinids Empire, Muhammad overthrown by Abul Abbas who comes to power for the second time.

1388 In Algeria, Death of Abu Hamuw II, succession of Abu Tashfin. In the Tughluqs Empire, Death of Firuz Shah Tughluq, succeeded by his grandson Ghiasuddin Tughluq II.

1389 In the Muzaffarids Empire, Death of the poet Hafiz Shirazi. In the Tughluqs Empire, Death of Ghiasuddin Tughluq II, accession: of Abu Bakr Tughluq Shah. Turkomans of the Black Sheep Empire, Death of Qara Muhammad. succession of Qara Yusuf.

1390 In the Tughluqs Empire, Abu Bakr overthrow by Nasiruddin Tughluq. In Bengal, Death of Sikandar Shah, accession of his son Ghiasud. In the Burji Mamluks Empire, The rule of the Burji Mamluks rounded by Saifuddin Barquq.

1391 In Amir Temur's Empire, Annexation of Fars. In the Muzaffarids Empire, Annexation of the Muzaffarids by Amir Temur. In Granada, Death of Muhammad V, succession of his son Abu Hallaj Yusuf II.

1392 In the Jalayar Empire, Death of Hussain, succession of his son Ahmad. In Granada, Death of Abu Hallaj ; succession of Muhammad VI.

1393 Amir Temur defeats Tiktomish, the ruler of the Golden Horde. Capture of the Jalayar dominions by Amir Temur . In the Marinids Empire, Death of Abul Abbas; succession of Abu Faris II.

1394 Amir Temur defeats the Duke of Moscow. In the Tughluqs Empire, Death of Nasiruddin Tughluq, accession of Alauddin Sikandar Shah. In Kashmir, Death of Qutbuddin. Turkomans of the White Sheep Empire, Qara Usman established the
rule of the White Sheep Turkomans in Diyarbekr.

1395 In the Golden Horde Empire, Amir Temur defeated Toktamish and razes Serai to the ground. End of the rule of the Golden Horde. Annexation of Iraq by Amir Temur. In the Tughluqs Empire, Death of Sikandar Shah. Accession of Muhammad Shah.

1396 In the Amir Temur's Empire, Destruction of Sarai, and of the rule of the Golden Horde. In the Sarbadaran Empire, Principality annexed by Amir Temur.

1397 In the Bahmanids Empire, Death of Muhammad Khan.

1398 In the Amir Temur's Empire, Campaign in India. In the Marinids Empire, Death of Abu Faris II. In the Tughluqs Empire, Invasion of Amir Timur, Mahmud Shah escapes from the capital. In Morocco, Death of the Marinid Sultan Abu Faris II; succession of his son Abu Said Usman.

1399 In the Amir Temur's Empire, Campaign in Iraq and Syria. In the Burji Mamluks Empire, Death of Saifuddin Barquq, succession of his son Nasiruddin in Faraj.

10) 15th century

1400 In the Burji Mamluks Empire, The Mamluks lost Syria which was occupied by Amir Timur.

1401 In the Golden Horde Empire, Death of Timur Qutluq, the ruler, installed by Amir Timur. accession of Shadi Beg.

1402 In the Ottoman Turks Empire, Defeat of Bayazid at the battle of Ankara, taken captive Amir Timur.

1403 In the Ottoman Turks Empire, Muhammad I, the son of Bayazid ascended the throne.

1405 In the Timurids Empire, Death of Amir Timur, succession of his son Shah Rukh.

1407 In the Golden Horde Empire, Deposition of Shadi Beg, installation of Faulad Khan by the king maker Edigu.

1410 In the Golden Horde Empire, Deposition of Faulad Khan, installation of Timur.

1412 In the Golden Horde Empire, Deposition of Timur, installation of Jalaluddin. In the Burji Mamluks Empire, Death of Nasiruddin Faraj, succession of Al Muayyad.

1413 In the Golden Horde Empire, Deposition of Jalaluddin, installation of Karim Bardo.

1414 In the Golden Horde Empire, Deposition of Karim Bardo, installation of Kubak Khan.

1416 In the Golden Horde Empire, Deposition of Kubak Khan, installation of Jahar Balrawi. Deposition of Jahar Balrawi , installation of Chaighray.

1419 In the Golden Horde Empire, Death of Edigu, overthrow of Chaighray, power captured by Ulugh Muhammad.

1420 In the Golden Horde Empire, Ulugh Muhammad overthrown by Daulat Bairawi.

1420: Turkomans of the Black Sheep Empire, Death of Qara Yusuf; succession of his son Qara Iskandar. In Morocco, Assassination of Abu Said Usman; succession of his infant son Abdul Haq.

1421 In the Ottoman Turks Empire, Death of Muhammad I; accession of his son Murad II. In the Burji Mamluks Empire, Death of Al Muayyad, succession of Muzaffar Ahmad. Muzaffar Ahmad overthrown by Amir Saifuddin Tata, Death of Saifuddin Tata, succession of his son Muhammad. Muhammad overthrown by Amir Barsbay.

1424 In the Golden Horde Empire, Death of Daulat Bairawi, succession of Berk. In Algeria, The Halsida of Tunisia occupy Algeria. This state of affairs continued throughout the fifteenth century.

1425 In the Uzbegs Empire, Abul Khayr, a prince of the house of Uzbeg declare his independence in the western part of Siberia,

1427 In the Golden Horde Empire, Berk overthrown by Ulugh Muhammad who captured power for the second time.

1430 In the Uzbegs Empire, Abul Khayr occupies Khawarzam.

1434 Turkomans of the Black Sheep Empire, Deposition of Qara Iskandar; installation of his brother Jahan Shah. Turkomans of the White Sheep Empire, Death of Qara Usman, succession of his son Ali Beg. In Tunisia, Death of Abul Faris after a rule of forty years, succession of his son Abu Abdullah Muhammad.

1435 In Tunisia, Deposition of Abu Abdullah Muhammad, power captured by Abu Umar Usman.

1438 In the Burji Mamluks Empire, Death of Barsbay, accession of his minor son Jamaluddin Yusuf; Yusuf overthrown and power captured by the Chief Minister Saifuddin Gakmuk. Turkomans of the White Sheep Empire, Ali Beg overthrown by
his brother Hamza.

1439 In the Golden Horde Empire, Ulugh Muhammad withdrew from Sarai and found the principality of Qazan. Said Ahmad came to power in Sarai.

1440 Turkomans of the White Sheep Empire, Hamza overthrown by Jahangir a son of Ali Beg.

1441 In the Golden Horde Empire, Crimea seceded from Sarai.

1446 In the Timurids Empire, Death of Shah Rukh, succession of Ulugh Beg. In the Ottoman Turks Empire, Second battle of Kossova resulting in the victory of the Turks. Serbia annexed to Turkey and Bosnia became its vassal.

1447 In the Golden Horde Empire, Astra Khan seceded from Sarai.

1449 In the Uzbegs Empire, Abul Khayr captures Farghana. In the Timurids Empire, Death of Ulugh Beg, succession of Abdul Latif.

1450 In the Timurids Empire, Assassination of Abdul Latif, accession of Abu Said.
1451 In the Ottoman Turks Empire, Death of Murad II; accession of his son Muhammad II.

1453 In the Ottoman Turks Empire, Capture of Constantinople by the Turks. Turkomans of the White Sheep Empire, Death of Jahangir; accession of his son Uzun Hasan. In the Burji Mamluks Empire, Death of Gakmuk. succession of his son Fakhruddin Usman. Usman overthrown by the Mamluk General Saifuddin Inal.

1454 In the Ottoman Turks Empire, Attack against Wallachia, Wallachia became a vassal state of Turkey.

1456 In the Ottoman Turks Empire, Annexation of Serbia.

1461 In the Ottoman Turks Empire, Annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. In the Burji Mamluks Empire, Death of Saifuddin Inal, succession of his son Shahabuddin Ahmad. Shahabuddin Ahmad overthrown by the Mamluk General Saifuddin Khushqadam.

1462 In the Ottoman Turks Empire, Annexation of Albania.

1465 In the Golden Horde Empire, Death of Said Ahmad, succession of his son Khan Ahmad. In Morocco, Assassination of Abdul Haq. End of the Marinid rule. Power snatched by Sharif Muhammad al Jati.

1467 Turkomans of the Black Sheep Empire, Death of Jahan Shah, end of the rule of the Black Sheep Turkoman rule. Turkomans of the White Sheep Empire, Jahan Shah of the Black Sheep attacked the White Sheep. Jahan Shah was defeated and the Black Sheep territories annexed by the White Sheep. In the Burji Mamluks Empire, Death of
Khushqadam, accession of his son Saifuddin Yel Bey. Deposition of Yel Bey, power captured by the Mamluk General Temur Bugha.

1468 In the Uzbegs Empire, Death of Abul Khayr, succession of his son Haidar Sultan. Turkomans of the White Sheep Empire, Uzun Hasan defeated the Timurids at the battle of Qarabagh whereby the White Sheep became the masters of Persia and Khurasan. In the Burji Mamluks Empire, Deposition of Femur Bugha, power captured by the Mamluk
General Qait Bay.

1469 In the Timurids Empire, Death of Abu Said, disintegration of the Timurid state. In Khurasan Hussain Baygara came to power and he ruled during the remaining years of the fifteenth century.

1472 In Morocco, Sharif Muhammad al Jati overthrown by the Wattisid chief Muhammad al Shaikh who establishes the rule of the Wattisid dynasty.

1473 In the Ottoman Turks Empire, War against Persia; Persians defeated.

1475 In the Ottoman Turks Empire, Annexation of Crimea. War against Venice. Turkey became the master of the Aegean Sea .

1478 Turkomans of the White Sheep Empire, Death of Uzun Hasan, succession of his son Khalil.

1479 Turkomans of the White Sheep Empire, Khalil overthrown by his uncle Yaqub.

1480 In the Golden Horde Empire, Assassination of Khan Ahmad, succession of his son Said Ahmad II.

1481 In the Golden Horde Empire, Said Ahmad I1 overthrown by his brother Murtada. In the Ottoman Turks Empire, Death of Muhammad II, accession of Bayazid II.

1488 In the Uzbegs Empire, Death of Haider Sultan, succession of his nephew Shaybani Khan. In Tunisia, Death of Abu Umar Usman after a rule of 52 years, succession of Abu Zikriya Yahya.

1489 In Tunisia, Abu Zikriya Yahya overthrown by Abul Mumin.

1490 In Tunisia, Abul Mumin overthrown, power recaptured by Abu Yahya.

1493 Turkomans of the White Sheep Empire, Death of Yaqub. accession of his son Bayangir.

1495 Turkomans of the White Sheep Empire, Bayangir overthown by his cousin Rustam.

1496 In the Burji Mamluks Empire, Abdication of Qait Bay, succession of his son Nasir Muhammad.

1497 Turkomans of the White Sheep Empire, Rustam overthrown by Ahmad. Anarchy and fragmentation.

1498 In the Burji Mamluks Empire, Deposition of Nasir Muhammad, power captured by Zahir Kanauh.

1499 In the Uzbegs Empire, Shayhani Khan conquered Transoxiana. In the Golden Horde Empire, Death of Murtada, succession of Said Ahmad III." In the Ottoman Turks Empire, The Turks defeated the Venetian fleet in the battle of Lepanto.

11) 16th century

1500 In the Burji Mamluks Empire, Zahir Kanauh overthrown by Ashraf Gan Balat.

1501 Ismail I establishes the Safavid dynasty in Persia, and the Twelve-Imam Shi'ism becomes the state religion.

1507 The Portuguese under d'Albuquerque establish strongholds in the Persian Gulf.

1508 Turkomans of the White Sheep Empire, End of the White Sheep dynasty and the annexation of their territories by the Safawids.

1511 D'Albuquerque conquers Malacca from the Muslims.

1517 The Ottoman Sultan Selim Yavuz ("the Grim") defeats the Mamluks and conquers Egypt.

1520 The reign of Sulaiman the Magnificent begins.

1526 Louis of Hungary dies at the Battle of Mohacs.

1526 The Battle of Panipat in India, and the Moghul conquest; Babur makes his capital at Delhi and Agra.

1528 The Ottomans take Buda in Hungary.

1529 Unsuccessful Ottoman siege of Vienna.

1550 The architect Sinan builds the Suleymaniye mosque in Istanbul.

1550 The rise of the Muslim kingdom of Atjeh in Sumatra.

1550 Islam spreads to Java, the Moluccas, and Borneo.

1556 The death of Sulaiman the Magnificent.

1568 Alpujarra uprising of the Moriscos (Muslims forcibly converted to Catholicism ) in Spain.

1571 The Ottomans are defeated at the naval Battle of Lepanto, and their dominance in the Mediterranean is brought to a close.

1578 The Battle of the Three Kings at Qasr al-Kabir in Morocco. King Sebastian of Portugal is killed.

1588 Reign of Safavid Sultan Shah Abbas I begins.

1591 Mustaili Ismailis split into Sulaymanis and Daudis.

12) 17th century

1600 Sind annexed by the Mughals. End of the Arghun rule in Sind .

1601 Khandesh annexed by the Mughals.

1603 Battle of Urmiyah. Turks suffer defeat. Persia occupies Tabriz, Mesopotamia. Mosul and Diyarbekr. Death of Muhammad III, Sultan of Turkey, accession of Ahmad I. In Morocco al Shaikh died.

1604 In Indonesia death of Alauddin Rayat Shah, Sultan of Acheh, accession of Ali Rayat Shah III.

1605 Death of the Mughal emperor Akbar; accession of Jahangir.

1607 Annexation of Ahmadnagar by the Mughals.

1609 Annexation of Bidar by the Mughals

1611 Kuch Behar subjugated by the Mughals.

1612 Kamrup annexed by the Mughals.

1617 Death of Ahmad I, Sultan of Turkey, accession of Mustafa; Deposition of Mustafa: accession of Usman II.

1618 Tipperah annexed by the Mughals.: '

1620 In Turkey deposition of Mustafa, accession of Usman II.

1623 In Turkey Mustafa recaptured power.

1625 In Turkey deposition of Mustafa, accession of Murad IV.

1627 Death of the Mughal emperor Jahangir, accession of Shah Jahan.

1628 Reign of Safavid Sultan Shah Abbas I comes to an end.

1629 In Persia death of Shah Abbas; accession of grandson Safi.

1631 Death of Mumtaz Mahal, wife of Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan and the lady of Taj Mahal , Agra.

1637 Death of Iskandar Muda in Indonesia; accession of Iskandar II.

1640 Death of Usman Sultan Murad IV. accession of his brother Ibrahim.

1641 Turks capture Azov. In Indonesia death of Iskandar II; accession of the Queen Tajul Alam.

1642 In Persia death of Shah Safi, accession of Shah Abbas II.

1648 In Turkey Ibrahim deposed; accession of Muhammad IV.

1656 Muhammad Kuiprilli becomes the Grand Minister in Turkey.

1658 Deposition of the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan, accession of Aurangzeb.

1661 Death of Muhammad Kuiprilli, accession of his son Ahmad Kuiprilli.

1667 Death of Shah Abbas II; accession of Shah Sulaiman.

1675 Execution of the Sikh Guru Tegh Bahadur. In Indonesia death of the queen Tajul Alam, accession of the queen Nur ul Alam.

1676 Death of the Grand Wazir of Turkey Ahmad Kuiprilli, succession by Kara Mustafa.

1678 In Indonesia death of the queen Nur ul Alam, accession of the queen Inayat Zakia.

1680 Death of Marhatta chieftain Shivaji.

1682 Assam annexed by the Mughals. Aurangzeb shifts the capital to Aurangabad in the Deccan.

1683 The Turks lift the siege of Vienna and retreat. Kara Mustafa the Grand Wazir executed for the failure of the expedition (journey or voyage for a particular purpose).

1686 Annexation of Bijapur by the Mughals.

1687 Golkunda annexed by the Mughals. Second battle of Mohads. Defeat of the Turks by Austria. Deposition of Muhammad IV. Accession of Sulaiman II.

1688 In Indonesia death of queen Inayat Zakia, accession of the queen Kamalah.

1690 Death of the Ottoman Sultan Sulaiman II, accession of Ahmad II.

1692 Death of the Turk Sultan Ahmad II, accession of Mustafa II.

1694 In Persia death of Shah Safi, accession of Shah Hussain.

1699 In Indonesia death of Queen Kamalah.

13) 18th century

1700 Murshid Quli Khan declares the independence of Bengal and establishes his capital at Murshidabad.

1703 Ahmad 11I becomes the Ottoman Sultan. Birth of Shah Wali Ullah. Birth of the religious reformer (deformer) Muhammad bin Abdul Wahab ( äÌÏì æåÇÈì ãÐåÈ ßÇ ÈÇäì æ ãæÌÏ).

1707 Death of the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb, accession of his son Bahadur Shah.

1711 War between Turkey and Russia. Russia defeated at the battle of Pruth.

1712 Death of the Mughal emperor Bahadur Shah, accession of Jahandar Shah.

1713 Jahandar Shah overthrown by his nephew Farrukh Siyar.

1718 In the war against Austria, Turkey suffers defeat. By the treaty of Passarowich Turkey loses Hungary.

1719 Deposition of the Mughal emperor Farrukh Siyar Muhammad Shah ascends the throne. In Sind the Kalhoras came to power under Nur Muhammad Kalhora.

1722 Saadat Khan found the independent state of Oudh. Battle of Gulnabad between the Afghans and the Persians. The Persians were defeated and the Afghans under Shah Mahmud became the masters of a greater part of Persia. Shah Hussain taken captive, accession of Shah Tahmasp II.

1730 Zanzibar freed from Portugese rule and occupied by Oreart.

1747 Ahmad Shah Durrani established Afghan rule in Afghanistan.

1752 Death of Shah Abdul Latif Bhitai, writer of Sassi Pannu, Sohni Mahinwal and Umer Marvo.

1752 Ahmed Shah Durrani captured Punjab, Kashmir and Sind.

1761 Death of Shah Wali Ullah Dehlavi.

1761 Battle of Panipat. Ahmad Shah Durrani came to India at the invitation of Shah Wali Ullah Dehlavi and smashed rising Maratha power in the battle of Panipat.

1764 Conversion to Islam of Areadi Gaya. ruler of Futa Bandu State in West Sudan.

1773 Death of Ahmad Shah Durrani.

1783 End of Kalhora rule in Sind.

1797 Death of Muhammad Khan Qachar, king of Persia.

1797 Russia occupied Daghestan.

1799 Ranjit Singh declared himself Maharajah of Punjab defeating Afghans.

1799 Khoqand declared independent Islamic State.

14) 19th century

1803 Shah Abdul Aziz ibn Saud assassinated by a Shia fanatic. Shah Shuja proclaimed as King of Afghanistan.

1805 Ibn Saud captured Madina defeating the Turk garrison.

1804 Usman Dan Fodio established Islamic State of Sokoto in Central Sudan.

1805 Faraizi movement launched in Bengal. Muhammad Ali appointed Pasha of Egypt by the Turks.

1806 Khanate of Khiva came into limelight under the rule of Muhammad Rahim Khan.

1807 Darqawi sect revolted against Turkish domination. Tunisia repudiated suzerainty of Algeria.

1811 Birth of Ali Muhammad Bab founder of Bab movement.

1811 British occupied Indonesia.

1812 Madina fell to Egyptians.

1813 Makkah and Taif captured by Egyptian forces and Saudis expelled from Hijaz.

1814 Iran executed treaty of alliance with the British known as Definitive Treaty.

1814 Death of Ibn Saud II.

1814 King Usman of Tunisia assassinated by his cousin Mahmud.

1816 British withdrew from Indonesia restoring it to the Dutch.

1822 Death of Maulay Ismail in Morocco.

1827 Malaya became a preserve of the British according to Anglo- Netherland treaty in 1824.

1828 Russia declared war against Turkey.

1829 Treaty of Adrianople.

1830 French forces landed near Algiers and occupied Algeria ending 313 years rule of Turks .

1831 Syed Ahmad Barelvi and Shah Ismail leaders of Jihad movement in India fell fighting the Sikhs in Balakot .

1832 Turks defeated in the battle of Konia by Egyptian forces.

1832 Sayyid Said, King of Oman, shifted his capital to Zanzibar.

1834 Abdul Qadir recognised as ruler of the area under his control by the French.

1839 Defeat of Turkey by the Egyptians in the battle of Nisibin.

1840 Quadruple Alliance by the European powers to force Egypt to relinquish Syria.

1840 British frees occupied Aden.

1841 State of Adamawa established by Adams adjacent to Nigeria.

1842 Amir Abdul Qadir, ousted from Algeria by the French. crossed over to Morocco.

1842 Shah Shuja assassinated ending the Durrani rule in Afghanistan.

1847 Amir Abdul Qadir surrendered to France under the condition of safe conduct to a Muslim country of his choice but France violated its pledge and sent him as a captive to France.

1849 Death of Muhammad Ali pasha.

1850 Ali Muhammad Bab arrested and executed by Iranian government. Qurratul Ain Tabira, a renowned poetess and staunch advocate of Babism also shot dead.

1852 Release of Amir Abdul Qadir by Napoleon III. He settled in Turkey.

1855 Khiva annexed by Russia.

1857 British captured Delhi and eliminated Mughal rule in India after 332 years. Last Mughal Emperor Bahadur Shah Zafar was exiled to Rangoon in Burma. This was also the end of 1000 years of Muslim rule over India.

1859 Imam Shamil laid down arms before Russian forces and the Islamic State of Daghestan became a Russian province.

1860 Maulay Muhammad defeated by Spain.

1861 Death of Sultan Abdul-Majid of Turkey.

1862 Faraizi movement fizzled out after the death of Dadu Miyan..

1865 Khoqand State liquidated by Russia.

1869 Jamaluddin Afghani exiled from Afghanistan. He proceeded to Egypt.

1871 Tunisia recognised suzerainty of Turkey through a Firman.

1876 Britain purchased shares of Khediv Ismail in the Suez canal and got involved in Egyptian affairs.

1878 Turkey handed over Cyprus to Britain.

1878 Adrianople fell to Russia.

1879 Jamaluddin Afghani exiled from Egypt.

1879 Treaty of Berlin. Turkey lost 4/5Th of its territory in Europe .

1881 France invaded Tunisia and the Bey acknowledged supremacy of France as a result of the treaty of Bardo.

1881 Muhammad Ahmad declared himself Mahdi in northern Sudan.

1882 Egypt came under British military occupation.

1883 Death of Amir Abdul Qadir in Damascus.

1885 Muhammad Ahmad declared free Government of Sudan under his rule.

1885 Death of Mahdi Sudani five months after the occupation of Khartum.

1890 End of Banbara State.

1895 Afghanistan got Wakhan corridor by an understanding with Russia and British India making Afghan border touch China.

1895 Mirza Ghulam Ahmad of Qadian claimed prophet hood.

1897 State of Bagirimi occupied by the French,

1899 Fall of Mahdi State occupied by the British and the Egyptians jointly.

15) 20th century

1901 Ibn Saud (Abd al-Aziz) captures Riyadh.

1901 French forces occupy Morocco.

1904 Morocco becomes a French protectorate under the Conference of Algeciras.

1904 The Persian constitution is promoted.

1905 The beginning of the Salafiyyah movement in Paris with it's main sphere of influence in Egypt.

1907 The beginning of the Young Turks movement in Turkey.

1912 The beginning of the Muhammadiyyah reform movement in Indonesia.

1914 Under Ottoman rule, secret Arab nationalist societies are formed.

1914 World War I.

1916 Arab revolt against Ottoman (Turkish) rule. Lawrence of Arabia leads attacks on the Hijaz Railway.

1918 Armistice signed with Ottomans on October 30.

1918 World War I ends on November 11.

1918 Syria and Damascus become a French protectorate.

1921 Abd Allah bin Husayn in made King of Transjordan. His father was the Sharif of Mecca.

1921 Faysal bin Husayn is made King of Iraq. His father was the Shareef of Mecca.

1921 Abd al-Karim leads a revolt against colonial rule in Moroccan Rif, and declares the "Republic of the Rif ".

1922 Mustafa Kamal abolishes the Turkish Sultanate.

1924 The Turkish Caliphate is abolished.

1924 King Abd al-Aziz conquers Mecca and Medina, which leads to the unification of the Kingdoms of Najd and Hijaz.

1925 Reza Khan seizes the government in Persia and establishes the Pahlavi dynasty.

1926 Abd al-Aziz (Ibn Saud) assumes title of King of Najd and Hijaz.

1927 Death of Zaghlul, an Egyptian nationalist leader.

1928 Turkey is declared a secular state.

1928 Hasan al-Banna founds the Muslim Brotherhood.

1932 Iraq granted independence by League of Nations.

1934 War between King Abd al-Aziz and Imam Yahya of the Yemen.

1934 Peace treaty of Ta'if.

1934 Asir becomes part of Saudi Arabia.

1935 Iran becomes the official name of Persia.

1936 Increased Jewish immigration provokes widespread Arab-Jewish fighting in Palestine.

1939 World War II.

1941 British and Russian forces invade Iran and Reza Shah is forced to abdicate in favor of his son Mohammad Reza Shah in Iran.

1943 Beginning of Zionist terrorist campaign in Palestine.

1945 End of World War II. Nuclear Blast.

1946 Jordan, Lebanon, and Syria are granted independence from Britain and France.

1947 Creation of Pakistan from Muslim Majority area in India on Aug 14.

1948 Creation of state of Israel. Arab armies suffer defeat in war with Israel.

1949 Hasan al-Banna, leader of the Muslim Brotherhood, is assassinated.

1951 Libya becomes independent.

1952 King Farooq of Egypt forced to abdicate.

1953 General Zahedi leads coup against Musaddeq, Shah returns to power.

1953 Death of King Abd al-Aziz (Ibn Saud) of Saudi Arabia.

1953 The foundation stone is laid to enlarge the Prophet's mosque in Medina.

1956 Morocco becomes independent.

1956 Tunisia becomes independent.

1957 The Bey of Tunisia is deposed, and Bourguiba becomes president.

1957 Enlargement of the Haram in Mecca begins.

1962 Algeria becomes independent.

1962 Death of Zaidi Imam of Yemen (Ahmad). Crown Prince Bahr succeeds him and takes the title Imam Mansur Bi-Llah Muhammad.

1965 Malcolm X is assassinated.

1968 The enlargement of the Haram in Mecca is completed.

1969 King Idris of Libya is ousted by a coup led by Colonel Qadhdhafi. Birth of Syed Muhammad Saleem Qadri Naqshbandi (SFC, Karachi, Pakistan). American scientists claimed to reach on the surface of the moon.

1973 King Zahir Shah of Afghanistan is overthrown.

1975 Death of Elijah Mohammad, leader of Nation of Islam among African Americans in North America.

1975 Wallace Warith Deen Mohammad assumes leadership of Nation of Islam and shifts movement toward Islamic Orthodoxy renaming it American Muslim Mission.

1978 Imam Musa Sadr is apparently assassinated after he disappears on a trip to Libya. He was the religious leader of the Lebanese Twelve-Imam Shiites. He promoted the resurgence of Shiites in Lebanon and set the foundation of Amal.

1979 The Shah leaves Iran on January 15, thus bringing the Pahlavi dynasty to an end.

1979 On 1 Muharram AH 1400/21 November, the first day of the 15th Islamic century, fanatics led by students of the Theological University of Medina attempt to promote one of their group as Mahdi and thus fulfill a certain prophetic Hadith: "A man of the people of Medina will go forth, fleeing to Mecca, and certain of the people of Mecca will come to him and will lead him forth against his will and swear fealty to him between the rukn (Black Stone corner of the Kabah) and the Maqam Ibrahim." They hold the Haram of Mecca against the army for two weeks. Sixty-three of the 300 fanatics are captured alive, the mosque is recovered, and the conspirators are all put to death.

1980 Beginning of the Iran-Iraq war.

1989 Iran-Iraq comes to an end with much loss of life.

1990 Military annexation of Kuwait by Iraq, under Ba'athist leader Saddam Hussain, is reversed in 1991 by a coalition of United States-led forces.