Psychology Papers 2009

[Dr.G.AsgharMemon]

FEDRAL PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION
COMPETITIVE EXAMINATION FOR RECRUITMENT TO POSTS IN BPS-17 UNDER THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT 2009
ATTEMPT ANY FOUR QUESTIONS

PAPER I

Q2: Define psychology and describe in brief about various schools of psychology

Q3: describe the development of Nervous System with special refrence on the central nervous system

Q4: Introduce the various theories of learning and Explain the concepts of classical conditioning.

Q5: describe the nature of Emotions in reflection to different approaches for understanding Emotions.

Q6: list the various theories of personality and write about the best one in detail.

Q7: write down the components that comprise attitudes, specially in reflection to the cognitive and affective reactions to social Events.

Q8 write short notes on ANY FOUR of the following :

1. trends in psychology
2. peripheral nervous system
3. brain
4. transfer and interference
5. maslow, theory of motivation
6. emotions and characters
7. frustration and conflict
8. defence mechanism

OBJECTIVE PART

Select the best option\answer and fill in the appropriate box on the answer sheet

1. In psychology , case studies are used to :
a. draw conclusions , about individual behavior on the basis of group finding
b. draw general conclusions about behaviour of the client
c. assess heretibility of individual
d. show importance of case studies.
e. None of these

2. psychology is concenered with the study of :
a. how group exchange resources
b. overt behavior only
c. mind and behavior
d. how aggregate behavior is specified
e. none of these

3. an independent variable is
a. the only variable of interest
b. a variable that is independently verified
c. a variable whose value depends on dependent variable
d. the variable that is manipulated by experimenter
e. none of these

4. introspection is :
a. a scientific method used to study dreams
b. a psychotherapeutic technique where the patient gives a running account of internal dialogues
c. a process used to uncover symbolic representation in dream
d. the analysis of the content of our own thoughts.
e. None of these

5. The law of effect states that :
a. close temporal contiguity is the key characteristic in forming an association between stimulus and response.
b. A response will be strengthened if the organism is rewarded for that response
c. effect is strong if the effect is long lasting.
d. Response generalize across similar surroundings.
e. None of these

6. structuralism and functionalism are similar in that both :
a. emphasize the analysis of mental structures to explain behavior
b. emphasize the fluid, personal nature of consciousness.
c. Regard psychology as the science of conscious experience.
d. Emphasize the observation of behavior rather than consciousness.
e. None of these.

7. the school of psychology that argues that nearly all behaviour is a result of conditioning and that the environment shapes behavior is labeled
a. getalt, wertheimer
b. psychoanalytic, freud
c. behaviorism, tichner
d. behaviorism, Watson
e. none of these

8. chemical which are produced in the brain, and facilitate communication between nerve cells are called:
a. neurotransmitter
b. plasmas
c. syntactic structures
d. adrenocorticoids
e. none of these

9. psychologists , who typically apply psychological principles to diagnose and treat emotional problems , including illness and marital and family conflict are in the subfield called :
a. biological
b. clinical and counseling
c. social and personality
d. school and educational
e. none of these

10. the first step in any research project is generating a:
a. theory
b. experiment
c. hypothesis
d. proposition
e. none of these

11. the discipline that deals with sampling data from a population and then drawing inferences about the population from the sample is :
a. hypothesis testing
b. statistics
c. multivariate experimentation
d. independent sampling
e. none of these

12. when two variables are correlated , variation in one ?
a. may possibly cause variation in the other.
b. Can only be inferred with social validation
c. Can be cause of variation in the other only if the correction is positive.
d. Always suggests a causal relationship with the other.
e. None of these.

13. in the early stages of research , the most efficient way of making progress toward explaining phenomenon is to :
a. videotape
b. precisely measure
c. survey
d. observe
e. none of these

14. a scholarly summary of a body of research on some topic is called
a. case history
b. literature review
c. meta-analysis
d. theory
e. none of these

15. the principle governing the ethical treatment of human participants in research essentially states that the hazards anticipated in the research project should be not grater than those encountered in the daily activities.
a. informed consent
b. right to privacy
c. minimal risk
d. informed participants
e. none of these

16. S-R psychology is an approach associated with the perspective :
a. behavioral
b. psychoanalytic
c. cognitive
d. subjectivst
e. none of these

17. psychologists whoa re interests in the perception of motion, part-whole relationship and in how people judge size were identified with what shool of psychology?
a. psychoanalytic
b. gestalt
c. behavioral
d. structural
e. none of these

18. the center of freud’s theory is the thoughts, attitudes, impulses , wished and motivations of which we are unaware:
a. conditioning concept
b. unconsciousness
c. biological motivation proposition
d. multivariate construct
e. none of these

19. relating overt behavior to electrical anc chemical events taking place inside the body is characteristic of which contemporary perspective?
a. behavioral
b. subjectivist
c. biological
d. cognitive
e. none of these

20. the subjetivist perspective in psychology:
a. is most like cognitive one
b. is generally not influenced by cultural and emotional variables
c. has been most pervasive
d. all of these
e. none of these

[Dr.G.AsgharMemon]

FEDRAL PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION
COMPETITIVE EXAMINATION FOR RECRUITMENT TO POSTS IN BPS-17 UNDER THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT 2009
ATTEMPT ANY FOUR QUESTIONS

paper II

Q2 : define growth , development and maturation and explain the role of biological and sociological factors in the process of development.

Q3: differenciate between ANY TWO of the following development area:
1. physical development- social development
2. sensory development- intellectual development
3. perceptual development- emotional development
4. personality development- fine motor development

Q4: list the different types of assessment procedcures\tools used for clinical diasgnosis and explain the significance of clinical judgment in the process of assessment.

Q5 list various therapies used in psychogical treatment and write about any two in detail.

Q6 define intelligence in refrence to factors factors of intelligence and write how intelligence test can be used for identification of disablitiy in general and mental regardation in specific

Q7 describe the role of biological and sociological factors in development of maladujustment and criminal behaviour and explain the treatment strategies.

Q8 : define any five of the following :

1. infancy
2. genetics
3. chromosomal abnormalities
4. motor development
5. emotional pattern
6. mental retardation
7. character disorder
8. juvenile delinquency
9. group dynamics.

OBJECTIVE PART

Select the best option \answer and fill in the apprpriate box on the answer sheet

1. a child is creating new schemata to account for new information , piaget calls this process
a. assimilation
b. accommodation
c. operations
d. functional autonomy
e. none of these

2. children begin to understand and use abstractions during which of the piaget stages of congnitive development
a. oral
b. preoperational
c. state of formal operations
d. secondary stage
e. none of these

3. which theoretical viewpoint emphasizes the importance of learning for understanding development
a. fruedian
b. information processing theory
c. ecological theory
d. behavioral theory
e. none of these

4. behavior is governed by its consequences describe:

a. operant conditioning
b. psychological crisis
c. supply demand theory
d. the yerkes Dodson law
e. none of these

5. which of the following statement is incorrect
a. genetic influences affect children more than adults
b. even if genetic factors underlie a particular behavior, it is subject to change
c. trait suchs as extroversion and introversion are influenced by genes
d. intelligence has a genetic basis
e. none of these

6. if characteristic requires only one gene to show itself the characteristic is considered:
a. dominant
b. co-dominant
c. imcompletly dominant
d. recessive
e. none of these

7. a genetic disorder in which the production of mucous affects the respiratory system is
a. huntington’s disease
b. down syndrome
c. cystic fibrosis
d. sickle cell anemia
e. none of these

8. aptitudes are
a. preferences to perform certain activities
b. high level of achievment in an area endevour
c. the ablities of individual to learn in specific endevour
d. skills one brings to a given task
e. none of these

9.in psychological research, a ……… is defined as an entity that can occur with different values
a. hypothesis
b. measurement system
c. variable
d. experiement group
e. none of these

10.ablity to exercise precise control over a variable is what distinguishes the ……. Method from other methods of scientific observation
f. control group identification
g. randomized selection
h. hypthesis testing
i. experiemental
j. none of these

11. consideration of participants in psychological research as …….. in the research enterprise is a central principle of ethical research today
a. informed participants
b. full partners
c. willing participants
d. co-investigators
e. none of these

12. maturation refers to
a. the attainment of successive stages of cognitive development
b. relatively stable chancges in an individual’s thought or behavior as a result of a biological process of aging.
c. Relatively stable changes in an individual’s thought or behaior as a result of accumulating experience
d. The development of an individual’s thought and behavior due to interaction of biological and environmental factors
e. None of these

13. learning refers to
a. the attainment of successive stages of cognitive development
b. changes in an individual’s thought or behavior as a result of biological process of aging
c. changes in an individual’s thought and behavior as result of accumulating experience
d. The development of an individual’s thought and behavior due to interaction of biological and environmental factors
e. none of these

14. psychodynamic determinism refers to
a. behavior that is ruled by forces over which we have no control
b. behavior that is preconscious in orgin
c. id impulses that will forever remain unfulfilled
d. the delimiting characteristics of superego
e. none of these

15. according to Freudian dream terminonlogy, condensation refers to
a. repressed urges that find disguised outlets for expression
b. the bizarre , irrational quality of dream
c. the process whereby unacceptable thoughts or impulses are combined into a single dream image
d. process where one thing may stand for another in dream interpretation
e. none of these

16. according to one definition, behavior is abnormal if
a. labeled as abnormal by the society in which the individual lives
b. not under conscious control by individual statistically typical
c. statistically typical
d. adaptive to the individual
e. none of these

17. Axis III in DSM-IV address:
a. the major abnormal disorders
b. primary personality disorders
c. physical disorders
d. the severity of psychological symptoms
e. none of these

18. an individual who is identified as having a borderline personality disorder shows
a. percectory thoughts
b. exhibitionistic tendencies
c. instability in mood and social relations
d. apathy and indifference to openion of others
e. none of these

19. clinical interview typically includes
a. a follow up evaluation and assessment after therapy is terminated
b. the initial diagnosis of a client’s psychological functioning
c. the psycho physiological functioning
d. the client’s inititial and final evaluation
e. none of these

20.two explicitly directive psychotherapeutic approaches are
a. behavior therapy and psychodynamic therapy
b. behavior therapy and humanistic therapy
c. humanistic therapy and existential therapy
d. cognitive therapy and behavior therapy
e. none of these.

[happy ending]

Paper I
Select the best option\answer and fill in the appropriate box on the answer sheet

1. In psychology , case studies are used to :
a. draw conclusions , about individual behavior on the basis of group finding
b. draw general conclusions about behaviour of the client
c. assess heritability of individual
d. show importance of case studies.
e. None of these
(Case study in psychology refers to the use of a descriptive research approach to obtain an in-depth analysis of a person, group, or phenomenon. )

2. psychology is concenered with the study of :
a. how group exchange resources
b. overt behavior only
c. mind and behavior
d. how aggregate behavior is specified
e. none of these

3. an independent variable is
a. the only variable of interest
b. a variable that is independently verified
c. a variable whose value depends on dependent variable
d. the variable that is manipulated by experimenter
e. none of these

4. introspection is :
a. a scientific method used to study dreams
b. a psychotherapeutic technique where the patient gives a running account of internal dialogues
c. a process used to uncover symbolic representation in dream
d. the analysis of the content of our own thoughts.
e. None of these

5. The law of effect states that :
a. close temporal contiguity is the key characteristic in forming an association between stimulus and response.
b. A response will be strengthened if the organism is rewarded for that response
c. effect is strong if the effect is long lasting.
d. Response generalize across similar surroundings.
e. None of these

6. structuralism and functionalism are similar in that both :
a. emphasize the analysis of mental structures to explain behavior
b. emphasize the fluid, personal nature of consciousness.
c. Regard psychology as the science of conscious experience.
d. Emphasize the observation of behavior rather than consciousness.
e. None of these.

7. the school of psychology that argues that nearly all behaviour is a result of conditioning and that the environment shapes behavior is labeled
a. gestalt, wertheimer
b. psychoanalytic, freud
c. behaviorism, tichner
d. behaviorism, Watson
e. none of these

8. chemical which are produced in the brain, and facilitate communication between nerve cells are called:
a. neurotransmitter
b. plasmas
c. syntactic structures
d. adrenocorticoids
e. none of these

9. psychologists , who typically apply psychological principles to diagnose and treat emotional problems , including illness and marital and family conflict are in the sub field called :
a. biological
b. clinical and counseling
c. social and personality
d. school and educational
e. none of these

10. the first step in any research project is generating a:
a. theory
b. experiment
c. hypothesis
d. proposition
e. none of these

(its the conception stage , the idea stage ,which forms a question or hypothesis , but if its not imp to include then hypothesis is the answer )

11. the discipline that deals with sampling data from a population and then drawing inferences about the population from the sample is :
a. hypothesis testing
b. statistics
c. multivariate experimentation
d. independent sampling
e. none of these

12. when two variables are correlated , variation in one ?

a. may possibly cause variation in the other.
b. Can only be inferred with social validation
c. Can be cause of variation in the other only if the correction is positive.
d. Always suggests a causal relationship with the other.
e. None of these.

13. in the early stages of research , the most efficient way of making progress toward explaining phenomenon is to :
a. videotape
b. precisely measure
c. survey
d. observe
e. none of these

14. a scholarly summary of a body of research on some topic is called
a. case history
b. literature review
c. meta-analysis
d. theory
e. none of these

15. the principle governing the ethical treatment of human participants in research essentially states that the hazards anticipated in the research project should be not greater than those encountered in the daily activities
????
a. informed consent
b. right to privacy
c. minimal risk
d. informed participants
e. none of these

16. S-R psychology is an approach associated with the perspective :
a. behavioral
b. psychoanalytic
c. cognitive
d. subjectivst
e. none of these

( it is also referred to as a ,b , c collectively but according to def of Stimulus Response , behavioral can be the answer )

17. psychologists whoa re interests in the perception of motion, part-whole relationship and in how people judge size were identified with what shool of psychology?
a. psychoanalytic
b. gestalt
c. behavioral
d. structural
e. none of these

18. the center of Freud theory is the thoughts, attitudes, impulses , wished and motivations of which we are unaware:
a. conditioning concept
b. unconsciousness
c. biological motivation proposition
d. multivariate construct
e. none of these

19. relating overt behavior to electrical anc chemical events taking place inside the body is characteristic of which contemporary perspective?
a. behavioral
b. subjectivist
c. biological
d. cognitive
e. none of these

20. the subjetivist perspective in psychology??
a. is most like cognitive one
b. is generally not influenced by cultural and emotional variables
c. has been most pervasive
d. all of these
e.none of these


--------------------------
errors correction welcomed

[amubarak]

For Paper I:

3. an independent variable is
a. the only variable of interest
b. a variable that is independently verified
c. a variable whose value depends on dependent variable
d. the variable that is manipulated by experimenter
e. none of these

7. the school of psychology that argues that nearly all behaviour is a result of conditioning and that the environment shapes behavior is labeled
a. gestalt, wertheimer
b. psychoanalytic, freud
c. behaviorism, tichner
d. behaviorism, Watson
e. none of these

13. in the early stages of research , the most efficient way of making progress toward explaining phenomenon is to :
a. videotape
b. precisely measure
c. survey
d. observe
e. none of these

15. the principle governing the ethical treatment of human participants in research essentially states that the hazards anticipated in the research project should be not greater than those encountered in the daily activities

a. informed consent
b. right to privacy
c. minimal risk
d. informed participants
e. none of these

[amubarak]

Paper II: (corrections are welcom)

1. a child is creating new schemata to account for new information , piaget calls this process
a. assimilation
b. accommodation
c. operations
d. functional autonomy
e. none of these

2. children begin to understand and use abstractions during which of the piaget stages of congnitive development
a. oral
b. preoperational
c. state of formal operations
d. secondary stage
e. none of these

3. which theoretical viewpoint emphasizes the importance of learning for understanding development
a. fruedian
b. information processing theory
c. ecological theory
d. behavioral theory
e. none of these

4. behavior is governed by its consequences describe:

a. operant conditioning
b. psychological crisis
c. supply demand theory
d. the yerkes Dodson law
e. none of these

5. which of the following statement is incorrect
a. genetic influences affect children more than adults
b. even if genetic factors underlie a particular behavior, it is subject to change
c. trait suchs as extroversion and introversion are influenced by genes
d. intelligence has a genetic basis
e. none of these

6. if characteristic requires only one gene to show itself the characteristic is considered:
a. dominant
b. co-dominant
c. imcompletly dominant
d. recessive
e. none of these

7. a genetic disorder in which the production of mucous affects the respiratory system is
a. huntington’s disease
b. down syndrome
c. cystic fibrosis
d. sickle cell anemia
e. none of these

8. aptitudes are
a. preferences to perform certain activities
b. high level of achievment in an area endevour
c. the ablities of individual to learn in specific endeavour
d. skills one brings to a given task
e. none of these

9.in psychological research, a ……… is defined as an entity that can occur with different values
a. hypothesis
b. measurement system
c. variable
d. experiement group
e. none of these

10.ablity to exercise precise control over a variable is what distinguishes the ……. Method from other methods of scientific observation
f. control group identification
g. randomized selection
h. hypthesis testing
i. experiemental
j. none of these

11. consideration of participants in psychological research as …….. in the research enterprise is a central principle of ethical research today
a. informed participants
b. full partners
c. willing participants
d. co-investigators
e. none of these

12. maturation refers to
a. the attainment of successive stages of cognitive development
b. relatively stable chancges in an individual’s thought or behavior as a result of a biological process of aging.
c. Relatively stable changes in an individual’s thought or behaior as a result of accumulating experience
d. The development of an individual’s thought and behavior due to interaction of biological and environmental factors
e. None of these

13. learning refers to
a. the attainment of successive stages of cognitive development
b. changes in an individual’s thought or behavior as a result of biological process of aging
c. changes in an individual’s thought and behavior as result of accumulating experience
d. The development of an individual’s thought and behavior due to interaction of biological and environmental factors
e. none of these

14. psychodynamic determinism refers to
a. behavior that is ruled by forces over which we have no control
b. behavior that is preconscious in orgin
c. id impulses that will forever remain unfulfilled
d. the delimiting characteristics of superego
e. none of these

15. according to Freudian dream terminonlogy, condensation refers to
a. repressed urges that find disguised outlets for expression
b. the bizarre , irrational quality of dream
c. the process whereby unacceptable thoughts or impulses are combined into a single dream image
d. process where one thing may stand for another in dream interpretation
e. none of these

16. according to one definition, behavior is abnormal if
a. labeled as abnormal by the society in which the individual lives
b. not under conscious control by individual statistically typical
c. statistically typical
d. adaptive to the individual
e. none of these

17. Axis III in DSM-IV address:
a. the major abnormal disorders
b. primary personality disorders
c. physical disorders
d. the severity of psychological symptoms
e. none of these

18. an individual who is identified as having a borderline personality disorder shows
a. percectory thoughts
b. exhibitionistic tendencies
c. instability in mood and social relations
d. apathy and indifference to openion of others
e. none of these

19. clinical interview typically includes
a. a follow up evaluation and assessment after therapy is terminated
b. the initial diagnosis of a client’s psychological functioning
c. the psycho physiological functioning
d. the client’s inititial and final evaluation
e. none of these

20.two explicitly directive psychotherapeutic approaches are
a. behavior therapy and psychodynamic therapy
b. behavior therapy and humanistic therapy
c. humanistic therapy and existential therapy
d. cognitive therapy and behavior therapye. none of these.

[Ghayyur]

14. psychodynamic determinism refers to
a. behavior that is ruled by forces over which we have no control (unconscious forces)
b. behavior that is preconscious in orgin
c. id impulses that will forever remain unfulfilled
d. the delimiting characteristics of superego
e. none of these

[mrkk]

Originally Posted by amubarak

14. psychodynamic determinism refers to
a. behavior that is ruled by forces over which we have no control
b. behavior that is preconscious in orgin
c. id impulses that will forever remain unfulfilled
d. the delimiting characteristics of superego
e. none of these

19. clinical interview typically includes
a. a follow up evaluation and assessment after therapy is terminated
b. the initial diagnosis of a client’s psychological functioning
c. the psycho physiological functioning
d. the client’s inititial and final evaluation
e. none of these

14. psychodynamic determinism refers to
a. behavior that is ruled by forces over which we have no control
b. behavior that is preconscious in orgin
c. id impulses that will forever remain unfulfilled
d. the delimiting characteristics of superego
e. none of these

Explanation This a related to Free Will VS Determinism debate. Psychodynamic approach believes that behavirour is governed by internal forces over which we have no control.


19. clinical interview typically includes
a. a follow up evaluation and assessment after therapy is terminated
b. the initial diagnosis of a client’s psychological functioning
c. the psycho physiological functioning
d. the client’s inititial and final evaluation
e. none of these