Awais , as per this requirement , this would be a tough question to be dealt with . According to mdg , there are eight global goals to be achieved upto 2015, i 'm writing all these eight goals as under ;
The Millennium Development
Goals.
1 Eradicate extreme poverty
and hunger 2 Achieve universal primary
education 3 Promote gender equality
and empower women 4 Reduce child mortality 5 Improve maternal health 6 Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria
and other diseases 7 Ensure environmental
sustainability 8 Develop a global
partnership for
development,
Dear , if we are to tackle it with this perspective , how one would frame answer , can you please come up with outline to tackle this question ?

1) A paradigm shift( from security to humanitarian issues)
2)CHallenges facing humanity
2) DELIVER AS ONE( it's an idea which came out of UN ) you can check for details.
3) AID distribution
4) National collaboration
5) Compel DEVELOPED countries

brother , basically the idea of this question , and the book I am referring to is , that UN reform debate is centred towards those issues like veto, security council expansion , UN army etc , which are next to impossible to reform.
The millenium development goals basically require those reforms which are easily manageable as the problems facing humanity are more important than veto or security council reform.

I BEGAN MY ANSWER
UN in 21st century as an organization should focus on basic human needs".
KOFI ANAN , at the occasion of receiving NOBLE peace prize.

It was a bit tricky but was a manageable question.

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@ Fassi...
Mcqs no.8
how can you include continental shelf in high seas??
mcqs 14..Geneva conventions are related to various issues in international relations like given in mcqs no.8 itself..
its HAgue conventions of 1899 & 1907 that specifically deal with laws of war.
correct me if my knowledge dosnt serve better.

Geneva conventions also regulate conduct of war , bro , what other relations you are talking about?



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There is always room for improvement , it's the biggest room in the house.

I would interpret this differently.

Its a short form of "opinio juris sive necessitatis", a concept in international law that means (an opinion of law or necessity") or simply opinio juris ("an opinion of law") is the belief that an action was carried out because it was a legal obligation.

Sources:
Ian Brownlie - Public International Law
Alina Kaczorowska - public international law
Wikipedia.

Question 2- In a manner of speaking Yes.
Question 4 - A comparison of UNCLOS I & II, with UNCLOS III, emphasis on salient features of UNCLOS III such as Territorial Waters, EEZ, Continental Shelf, International Waters and Mining / Seabed Authority, Innocent & Transit Passage, Archipalegic States etc.

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There is a tide in the affairs of men. Which, taken at the flood, leads on to fortune; Omitted, all the voyage of their life Is bound in shallows and in miseries. On such a full sea are we now afloat, And we must take the current when it serves, Or lose our ventures. ~ William Shakespeare

You are at liberty to interpret it anyway you like, however, being a law student and a practicing Attorney, I believe that you just cannot imply what the examiner was intending to ask but in fact you have to be sure.

The MCQ was specifically asking meaning of "opinio juris" and NOT "opinio juris sive necessitatis"

Opinio juris stands as one of the sources of International law and itself holds a meaning. Your interpretation needs to be what has been asked not what you think. This is the first rule when you look into a book relating to legal terminology.

I also pasted a link from U.S law school website, now i am sure your opinion is not credible (No matter whoever you are), if compared to the law school information.

Cheers.

Q.1. (i) Select the best option/answer and fill in the appropriate Circle on the OMR Answer Sheet. (20x1=20)
(ii) Answers given anywhere, other than OMR Answer Sheet, shall not be considered.

1. The UN charter also functions as a:
(a) Constitutional and Law making treaty
(b) Moral binding only
(c) Judicial decision
(d) None of these

2. The term “Opiniojuris” signifies:
(a) Just opinion
(b) The belief that a certain practice is obligatory as a matter of law
(c) Decision of publicists on law
(d) None of these

3. An entity have direct rights and duties under International Law is called:
(a) NGO
(b) Condominium
(c) International legal person
(d) None of these

4. The criteria for statehood generally recognized in customary International Law was set in the:
(a) Island of Palmas case 1928
(b) Covenant of the League of Nations
(c) Monte video convention of the rights and duties of States (1933)
(d) None of these

5. A state that lies on an International river is known as:
(a) Coastal state
(b) Riparian state
(c) Littoral state
(d) None of these

6. War crimes are violations of the laws of war and in particular the:
(a) Geneva Conventions of 1949
(b) Declaration of Paris 1856
(c) Vienna Convention 1969
(d) None of these

7. Internal waters of a state include
(a) Marginal belt or territorial sea
(b) Land locked seas and non-national rivers
(c) Gulfs and canals
(d) None of these

8. In the Geneva Convention on the High seas 1958 the term ‘High seas’ means:
(a) Exclusive economic zone
(b) Continental shelf
(c) Waters of an archipelago state
(d) None of these

9. Validity of treaty and state consent is determined only by:
(a) Vienna Convention 1969
(b) State practice
(c) Provisions of the treaty itself
(d) None of these

10. The UN Charter consists of how many articles?
(a) 41
(b) 114
(c) 27
(d) None of these

11. The status of the statute of the International Court of Justice is:
(a) Integral part of the UN Charter
(b) Inoperative
(c) Ineffective and obsolete
(d) None of these

12. Extradition means:
(a) Aggression
(b) Wilful defiance
(c) War crimes
(d) None of these

13. Primary responsibility for Human Rights question is given by the UN Charter to:
(a) Security Council
(b) ECOSOC
(c) General Assembly
(d) None of these

14. Most important treaties developing the laws of war are:
(a) Hague conventions of 1899 & 1907
(b) Locarno treaties
(c) Geneva conventions
(d) None of these

15. Peaceful methods of settlement of disputes under the UN Charter are:
(a) Blockade & Reprisals
(b) Recognition & Asylum
(c) Mediation & Inquiry
(d) None of these

16. “Equity” in International Law denotes:
(a) Flexibility
(b) Extra powers of Judges
(c) State practice
(d) None of these

17. The 1982 Convention on the Law of the Sea for common heritage of
mankind provides:
(a) Sea-bed, ocean floor & subsoil as common heritage
(b)Territorial sea and EEZ as commonly owned
(c) Equal sharing of marine resources of national waters
(d) None of these

18. What does the acronym UNDHR stands for:
(a) United Nations Development of Human Resource
(b) United Nations Doctrine of Human Rights
(c) United Nations Declaration of Human Rights
(d) None of these

19. Ban Ki Moon, the UN Secretary General belongs to
(a) North Korea
(b) South Korea
(c) Japan
(d) None of these

20. The United Nations Headquarters are in the city of:
(a) Hague
(b) New York
(c) Barcelona
(d) None of these

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