Originally Posted by nazamali

kindly anyone check the comprehension:

Read the following text carefully and answer the questions below:

Experience has quite definitely shown that some reasons for holding a belief are much more likely to be justified by the event then others. It might naturally be supposed, for instance, that the best of all reasons for a belief was a strong conviction of certainty accompanying the belief. Experience, however, shows that this is not so, and that as a matter of fact, conviction by itself is more likely to mislead than it is to guarantee truth. On the other hand, lack of assurance and persistent hesitation to come to any belief whatever are an equally poor guarantee that the few beliefs which are arrived at are sound. Experience also shows that assertion, however long continued, although it is unfortunately with many people an effective enough means of inducing belief, is not an any way a ground for holding it.
The method which has proved effective, as a matter of actual fact, in providing of firm foundation for belief wherever it has been capable of application, is what is usually called the scientific method. I firmly believe that the scientific method, although slow and never claiming to lead to complete truth, is the only method which in the long run will give satisfactory foundations for beliefs. It consists in demanding facts as the only basis for conclusions, and inconsistently and continuously testing any conclusions which may have been reached, against the test of new facts and, wherever possible, by the crucial test of experiment. It consists also in full publication of the evidence on which conclusions are based, so that other workers may be assisted in new researchers, or enabled to develop their own interpretations and arrive at possibly very different conclusions.
There are, however, all sorts of occasions on which the scientific method is not applicable. That method involves slow testing, frequent suspension of judgment, restricted conclusions. The exigencies of everyday life, on the other hand, often make it necessary to act on a hasty balancing of admittedly incomplete evidence, to take immediate action, and to draw conclusions in advance of evidence. It is also true that such action will always be necessary, and necessary in respect of ever larger issues; and this inspite of the fact that one of the most important trends of civilization is to remove sphere after sphere of life out of the domain of such intuitive judgment into the domain of rigid calculation based on science. It is here that belief pays its most important role. When we cannot be certain, we must proceed in part by faith-faith not only in the validity of our own capacity of making judgments, but also in the existence of certain other realities, pre-eminently moral and spiritual realities. It has been said that faith consists in acting always on the nobler hypothesis; and though this definition is a trifle rhetorical, it embodies a seed of real truth.


Q. What justification does the author claim to his belief in the scientific method?
A. According to the author, the scientific method is based on facts and measurements. The scientific conclusion is evident which is based on experiments. If the conclusion is not the desirable one then it will arrive at the new approach to further research.
Q. Do you gather from the passage that conclusions reached by the scientific method should we consider final? Give reasons for your answer.
A. The conclusion reached by the scientific method should not be considered final, because it may further arrive at new facts or realities which are essential to be researched and experimented to evaluate new results.
Q. In what circumstances, according to the author, is it necessary to abandon the scientific method?
A. According to the author, it is crucial to abandon the scientific method in urgency; when there is a dearth of time to arrive at any concrete conclusion through calculations or experiments. Where haste to conclude anything always turn out to be ambiguous and incomplete.
Q. How does the basis of “intuitive judgment” differ from the scientific decision?
A. The “intuitive judgment” is based on religious or cultural doctrines. One can conclude something on the basis of accepted beliefs, where the “scientific decision” is based on arriving at the conclusion only after the series of logical calculations or experiments.