Journalism 2012
 

[CENTER][B]Part - I[/B]
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2. what are ethical issues associated with online journalism and also suggest ways to solve these ethical issues

3. Discuss the importance of ppl's participation in the process of development and subsequent role of mass media

4.Explain functions of Mass Communication with relevant examples

5. "Todays media has taken centre stage role in the daily life and society".Give your comments on this statement in the light of media system dependence theory

[CENTER][B]Part - II[/B]
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6.In the light of karl marx media theory: analyze the role of at least 3 tv channels with the special reference of flood disaster. what is national development? and how media can play role in national development

7.describe the factors that determine character of internal public in newspaper organization

8.explain the historical perspective of journalism in subcontinent

9.suppose u have developed a new diet drink, and are ready to market it..develop a research study for identifying the elements topics that should be stressed in your advertisement

[B]Objectives:[/B]

a freelancer is also called (stringer, reporter, correspondent,)

inverted pyramid style preferably used in which media (electronic,,print,,,both)

material meant for press/media organizations is (press release, news release,,press statement,,all of the above)

subject assigned to reporter (beat..)

PBC stands for (pakistan broadcasting corporation)

IRNA stands for (islamic republic news agency)

Hickey gazette launched in (29jan 1780, 29 jan 1792, 29 jan 1760, etc)

SMCR model introduced in (1960)

name of Dawn publishers (Herald)

contribution by editorial staff is called (editorial, article, column, :roll

what is the type of advertising where product is delivered your mailing address (direct response, personal advertising, direct mail advertising, none of the above)

father of printing press (johann gutenberg)

Such kind of paper was very much expected, keeping in view last 2-3 years journalism paper trend, general questions are included as usual, such questions have no stereotype answer or it doesn't require much bookish knowledge, so quite more scope of creativity:angle

I am glad I didn't study a word for this paper :D

Btw whats up with the marketing question in section 2. I am glad I paid attention during Marketing Research course in BBA back in the day. The primary/secondary research and focus groups/questionnaires concepts came in handy today :)

[QUOTE=mani1;408810]I am glad I didn't study a word for this paper :D

Btw whats up with the marketing question in section 2. I am glad I paid attention during Marketing Research course in BBA back in the day. The primary/secondary research and focus groups/questionnaires concepts came in handy today :)[/QUOTE]

it was a question on advertising technique/process/steps for the launch of an advertising campaign, pre testing, post testing, swot analysis, even all the steps of a research process could be accommodated in the answer of this question:vic

[SIZE="4"][COLOR="DarkSlateBlue"]DEPENDENCY THEORY[/COLOR][/SIZE]


[B][COLOR="DarkSlateBlue"]History and Orientation[/COLOR][/B]

Dependency theory was originally proposed by Sandra Ball-Rokeach and Melvin DeFleur (1976). This theory merged out of the communication discipline.
Dependency theory integrates several perspectives: first, it combines perspectives from psychology with ingredients from social categories theory. Second, it integrates systems perspectives with elements from more causal approaches. Third, it combines elements of uses and gratifications research with those of media effects traditions, although its primary focus is less on effects per se than on rationales for why media effects typically are limited. Finally, a contextualist philosophy is incorporated into the theory, which also features traditional concerns with the content of media messages and their effects on audiences. Research generated by this model had tends to be more descriptive than explanatory or predictive.

[SIZE="4"][COLOR="DarkSlateBlue"]Core Assumptions and Statements
[/COLOR][/SIZE]

Dependency theory proposes an integral relationship among audiences, media and the larger social system. This theory predicts that you depend on media information to meet certain needs and achieve certain goals, like uses-and-gratifications theory. But you do not depend on all media equally. Two factors influence the degree of media dependence. First, you will become more dependent on media that meet a number of your needs than on media that provide just a few. The second source of dependency is social stability. When social change and conflict are high, established institutions, beliefs, and practices are challenged, forcing you to reevaluate and make new choices. At such times your reliance on the media for information will increase. At other, more stable times your dependency on media may go way down.
One‘s needs are not always strictly personal but may be shaped by the culture or by various social conditions. In other words, individuals‘needs, motives, and uses of media are contingent on outside factors that may not be in the individuals‘control. These outside factors act as constraints on what and how media can be used and on the availability of other non-media alternatives. Furthermore, the more alternatives and individual had for gratifying needs, the less dependent he or she will become on any single medium. The number of functional alternatives, however, is not just a matter of individual choice or even of psychological traits but is limited also by factors such as availability of certain media.

@call for change!

what is karl marx's media theory?in 2 year course of mass communication, i never studied this theory???

[QUOTE=mano g;408823]@call for change!

what is karl marx's media theory?in 2 year course of mass communication, i never studied this theory???[/QUOTE]

I am thinking the same ....Karl marx basically criticized the role of media for portraying the ideas of ruling elite and strengthening their hegemony. He said those who have means also controls the minds and economic power led to cultural power. The media formulates the ideas of the ruling class as ideas of masses. Means Karl marx was anti media and criticized the role of corporate media. he said that media is owned and governed by the rich people. It happens both on local and global level. So,what i get from this question is that the media set the agendas during the flood campaign and showed which incorporated their benefit. the social responsibility was replaced by the benefit of their organizations. All the rating games and making of false stories was the media agenda during flood. Then the other part caters the social responsibility of media. Like, how media has to behave and play its role during the bad times and what role it can play for the betterment of the society. I think its a comparison between what "media did and what it was supposed to do" .

[B][COLOR="DarkSlateBlue"]Marxist Theory[/COLOR][/B]

Developed by Karl Marx in 2nd half of the nineteenth century during most volatile period of social change in Europe
Theory arguing that the hierarchical class system is at the root of all social problems and must be ended by the revolution of proletariat

[B][COLOR="DarkSlateBlue"]Capitalism and class struggle[/COLOR][/B]

Robber baron (business men) capitalist for exacerbating social problems because the maximize personal profit by exploiting workers

The workers would rise against capitalists and demand to an end to exploitation. They would band together to create a democratic social order.

Capitalist need labor and the workers need wages. System is highly unbalanced


[B][COLOR="DarkSlateBlue"]Marxism and media[/COLOR][/B]

Marx never study comprehensively the role of media but his work locates the role of mass media in the context of the operation of the capitalist economy and emphasize the connection the economic organization of society by a famous passage from his work

[B][COLOR="DarkSlateBlue"]Creation of false consciousness[/COLOR][/B]

Marx refered to the creation of false consciousness in the minds of the other classes about the political and social realities of capitalist society

Marx work encourages us to see the media as a means to promote a certain set of views and ideas off the bourgeois’

In other words the images, representations and report we see in the newspapers, see on our screens or hear on our radio encourage us to see the established social order as natural, desirable and something that we should support.

This is an evitable outcome of the fact that media are business and are privately owned by the capitalist class

The media are instruments of social control whose content is manipulated to mislead people and encourage them to accept their subordinations

Marx believed that class conflict over economic resources would become more acute with the passing of time

[QUOTE=Call for Change;408824]I am thinking the same ....Karl marx basically criticized the role of media for portraying the ideas of ruling elite and strengthening their hegemony. He said those who have means also controls the minds and economic power led to cultural power. The media formulates the ideas of the ruling class as ideas of masses. Means Karl marx was anti media and criticized the role of corporate media. he said that media is owned and governed by the rich people. It happens both on local and global level. So,what i get from this question is that the media set the agendas during the flood campaign and showed which incorporated their benefit. the social responsibility was replaced by the benefit of their organizations. All the rating games and making of false stories was the media agenda during flood. Then the other part caters the social responsibility of media. Like, how media has to behave and play its role during the bad times and what role it can play for the betterment of the society. I think its a comparison between what "media did and what it was supposed to do" .[/QUOTE]

exactly, but even then it's an upset..........the statement can be justified if one knows the role of TV channels during floods, but even then a little reference of karl marx theory was required to mention, anyhow an unusual question,,,,,,name of karl marx in journalism, interesting:))

THANK GOD, i studied the history part..(though role of muslim press only)

i stuffed all that in question 8..following is my outline for this q, in case any junior is interested

[B]Introduction [/B](mentioned the dates and names of couple of pioneer newspapers ; Hickey Gazette, 1780..jam e jahan numa 1822,,(MCQs data theft :joker)
[B][SIZE="4"][U]Major periods/trends of journalism[/U][/SIZE][/B]
[B]1. Rebellion [/B]
(around 1857...Delhi urdu Akhbar (Molvi Muhammaad Baqir)..Sadiq-ul-Akhbar (Syed Jamil ud din)..Siraj ul Akhbar (Court Gazette)
[B]2. Reformism[/B]
(post revolt....Sir Syed Ahmad khan, his Tehzeeb ul Akhlaq and scientific society journal (i wish i knew the titles of any hindu journals)
[B]3.Pan Islamism[/B]
(around 1910-1920...Maulana Muhammad Ali Jauhar (Comrade, Hamdard), Abu kalam Azad (al Hilal)..Hasrat Mohani (Urdu e Moalla)...Zafar Ali khan (zameendar)
[B]4. Nationalism & separatism[/B]
(polarization of press: pro Congress, vs pro mUslim league.....Pro Congress: ajmal of Delhi, Madina of bijnore, Roznama hind of calcutta...Pro Muslim League : Inqillab, siasat, Muslim outlook, arsae jadid)
[B]5. Independence movement (pro pakistan)[/B]
(Eastern Times of ferozsons...Dawn..Manshoor..nawa-iwaqt...ehsan..shehbaz...won us 45/46 elections blah blah)
[B][SIZE="4"][U]policies of British[/U][/SIZE][/B]
ran out of (self)allotted time...so merely one liners about
[B]1. press laws[/B]
Act of 1867
Vernacular press act 1878
Press Act 1910
[B]2. confiscation of securities[/B]
(example of zamindar...al hilal)
[B]3. imprisonment[/B]
(poor hasrat mohani came in handy :pp

some historical perspective, eh?
i hope the examiner doesnt develop inferiority complex :pp :haha on second thought, i know he wouldnt, not after reading the jokes i cracked in the rest of the answers :dd