NOTE: Attempt FIVE questions in all. Choose FOUR out of NINE questions. Question No. 10 is compulsory. All questions carry equal marks.

1. Examine the role of Public Administration in a modern welfare state. How the study of public administration can help in understanding the problems of administration in a developing country like Pakistan?

2. Discuss some of the negative and positive aspects of bureaucracy. Give your views on the bureaucracy of Pakistan as a change agent.

3. Highlight the importance of leadership in administration. Identify various forms of administrative leadership and give arguments in favour of a form which suits to the administrative environments in Pakistan.

4. Write a critical note on the concept of accountability in public service. How public servants in Pakistan can be made more accountable?

5. Describe the structure of planning machinery in Pakistan. Identify its strengths and weakness.

6. How communications contribute to efficiency and productivity in public administration? Suggest methods of improving the speed and accuracy of communication channels in an organization.

7. What is meant by informal organization? How does it modify the formal organization?

8. Give a brief account of salient features of the system of public personnel management in Pakistan. Are you in favour or against the closed system in Civil Service of Pakistan? Why?

9. Explain the meaning of coordination. Suggest methods of efficiently handling the problems of coordination in public administration.



10. Write only the correct answer in the Answer Book. Do not reproduce the questions.

(1) POSDCORB represents:
(a) A modern theory of management
(b) A title of a book
(c) An administrative agency
(d) Acronym for managerial functions

(2) O & M stands for:
(a) Organization & Management
(b) Owls & Mules
(c) Organization & Methods
(d) Officers & Ministers

(3) The founding father of Scientific Management Movement was:
(a) Elton Mayo
(b) Rothelisberger
(c) Chester Barnard
(d) F. W. TAylor

(4) Division-making theory in administration was given by:
(a) Pfiffner
(b) Sherwood
(c) Simon
(d) Presthus

(5) According to Gullick and Urwick, Staff Authority is:
(a) Mandatory
(b) Advisory
(c) Dilatory
(d) Expeditery

(6) Politics-Administration Dichotomy was introduced in Public Administration by:
(a) Goodnow
(b) White
(c) Willoughby
(d) Waldo

(7) Theory of Bureaucracy was postulated by:
(a) Fayol
(b) Mooney
(c) Max Weber
(d) Merton

(8) Under the 1973 administrative reforms in Pakistan:
(a) Constitutional protection for civil servants was provided.
(b) Public service structure was organized according to service and cadres.
(c) Recruitment was to be made strictly through Public Service Commission
(d) All cases & service labels were abolished

(9) PIDC is:
(a) A regular Government Department
(b)A public corporation
(c) A private limited Co.
(d) A multi-national

(10) Civil Service Academy is located at:
(a) Lahore
(b) Peshawar
(c) Islamabad
(d) Karachi

NOTE: Attempt FIVE questions in all. All questions carry equal marks.

1. Pakistan has been described by some foreign writers on Public Administration as an administrative state or a bureaucratic policy. What do you understand of this statement and how far do you agree with it?

2. “Civil Service today is still fundamentally the product of the nineteenth century philosophy of the Northcote-Trevelyan report. The tasks it faces are those of the second half of the twentieth century.” Do you consider this quote to be a fair comment on our personnel system? Argue your case for or against.

3. “Every company has two organizational structures: the formal one is written on the charts; the other is the everyday living relationship of the men and women in the organization.” Give your views on formal and informal organizational structures in governmental organizations in the light of this excerpt from former I. T. T. Chairman Harold S. Geneen’s book ‘Managing’.

4. a) In a democratic policy, the civil service in its actions is accountable to the people through the Legislature. How is this legislative control exercised?
b) What is Judicial Review of administrative action and how is it exercised in Pakistan?

5. Our district administration set-up has been compared to the French prefecture system as two examples of elitest bureaucratic structures. However, the French system has undergone a change in the past decade and now gives much more powers to the authorities of local government thus changing the relation between them and the State’s field services. Do you think any such readjustment of relationship in the districts is feasible or desirable in our administrative environment?

6. The philosophy of O & M is based on the Scientific Management movement initiated by Frederick W. Taylor and it is a means of achieving organizational objectives more speedily and efficiently. Has O & M organization in our country fulfilled the objectives of a speedy and efficient Public Administration? If not, analyze the causes of its failure.

7. The quota system of regional representation in the superior services has sometimes been criticized as favouring the privileged classes. Is this criticism legitimate? Do you consider that the quota system as it is worked at present has met the objectives for which it was instituted?

8. The terms Job Description, Job Evaluation and Position Classification occur very frequently in the reform literature on Public Administration. Give a definition of these terms and state how far these concepts can be applied to our personnel system as structured at present.

__________________
The Me you have always known, the Me that's a stranger still.

NOTE: Attempt FIVE questions in all. All questions carry equal marks.

1. “The bureaucratic machinery necessary for implementing new social ideals invariably destroys them.” Comment upon this particular viewpoint in the context of the role of bureaucracy in a welfare state.

2. Write a detailed note on the various forms of administrative leadership.

3. Discuss the salient features of pubic personnel management in Pakistan. What kinds of reforms, if any, are needed to improve the system?

4. Describe the economic and socio-political ecology in which Pakistan's bureaucracy works. In what ways does it hinder efforts to promote efficiency in administrative processes?

5. Comment upon the state of administrative accountability in Pakistan. Are various forms of international and external controls sufficient to ensure accountability?

6. Analyse the recruitment system prevalent in the government of Pakistan. Also comment upon the advisability of the lateral entry policy as adopted in the early 1970s.

7. Trace the evolution of planning machinery in Pakistan and discuss its role in monitoring and evaluation of development programmes.

8. Describe various theories of organizations. Also discuss the principles governing organization development.

__________________
The Me you have always known, the Me that's a stranger still.

NOTE: Attempt FIVE questions in all. All questions carry equal marks.

1. Bring out the main features of a modern welfare state. Can such a state exist within an authoritarian framework?

2. Write a detailed note on the Systematic Theory of Public Administration.

3. What kind of role can be played by judiciary in strengthening the system of administrative accountability? Discuss in the light of conditions prevailing in Pakistan.

4. Describe in detail the process of economic planning in Pakistan. Also discuss the major issues in implementation of plans and projects.

5. Explain the concept of Public Corporations. Critically analyze the working of public corporation in Pakistan.

6. The structure of civil services is often described as a legacy of colonial rule. What changes are required in its structure and working in order to bring it in line with the needs of a modern democratic state?

7. Highlight the importance of communication in a modern organization. What are the basic principles of communication which can ensure smooth functioning of the organization?

8. District administration in Pakistan, headed by a Deputy Commissioner, is usually criticized as a relic of an authoritarian system. Suggest changes in the preen set-up which can enhance the efficiency of the district administration and also make responsive to the needs of the people.

__________________
The Me you have always known, the Me that's a stranger still.

NOTE: Attempt FIVE questions in all. Choose FOUR out of NINE questions. Question No. 10 is compulsory. All questions carry equal marks.

1. “Public Administration consists of all those operations having for their purpose the fulfillment of enforcement of public policy.” Define the nature, purpose and scope of Public Administration in the light of this definition.

2. Analyze the ecology of bureaucracy in Pakistan bringing out the linkage between conditions in which bureaucracy in Pakistan works and their general performance.

3. Write a note on the principles of communications within the government machinery underlining the interaction between effective communication and level of efficiency in the government.

4. Bring out various qualities of administrative leadership necessary for obtaining results. Use examples from Pakistan.

5. How far has the institution of Ombudsman (Wafaqi Mohtasib) proved to be successful in checking inefficiency, inertia and misuse of authority is the administrative machinery in Pakistan?

6. “No longer are the best and brightest in Pakistan preparing for a career in CSP/DMG (Kennedy, Bureaucracy in Pakistan)”. Comment with reference to the image of CSP/DMG in the public mind and their dominance and pre-eminence vis-à-vis other functional groups after the administrative reforms of 1973.

7. Describe the major features of public personnel management in the government of Pakistan and suggest reforms in the light of your comments and description.

8. Discuss the role of Audit in ensuring financial propriety and discipline in the government of Pakistan. Has it been successful?

__________________
The Me you have always known, the Me that's a stranger still.

NOTE: Attempt FIVE questions in all. All questions carry equal marks.

1. Examine the nature and scope of Public Administration and describe its role in a modern welfare state.

2. Give a brief account of major schools of thought in Administration. Compare and contrast the theoretical foundation of Scientific Management Movement and Human Relations.

3. Write a critical note on Max Weber’s theory of Bureaucracy. Give you views on its applications to the existing administrative system in Pakistan.

4. What do you understand by Administrative Leadership? Select an approach to the study of Leadership and examine its suitability to deal with the middle level management problems in Pakistan.

5. Why “Administrative Accountability” is necessary in the public service? Suggest proper means to improve the system of accountability in running the affairs of the government in Pakistan.

6. Describe the system of planning and programming in Pakistan. How can the gap between planning and implementation be bridged for achieving the objective of rapid socio-economic development in Pakistan.

7. Identify four theories of Organization. Describe one theory which you think can help in solving the administrative problems in Pakistan.

8. Highlight the salient features of the system of Public Personnel Management in Pakistan. How the principle of Merit is gradually replaced by the policy of patronage?

__________________
The Me you have always known, the Me that's a stranger still.

NOTE: Attempt FIVE questions in all. Including question No. 8 which is compulsory. All questions carry equal marks.

1. Identify the major school of through in Administration. Give a detailed account of one of these schools.

2. Enumerate critical problems of coordination in Public Administration in Pakistan. Suggest a comprehensive solution to solve these problems,

3. Define Public Administration. What changes do you foresee in the role of government to meet the demands of the public in the twenty-first century?

4. Describe the elementary elements of financial administration. How the system of financial administration can be made efficient and trustworthy by using the principles of Budgeting, Accounting and Auditing?

5. Highlight the negative and positive characteristics of Bureaucracy. Examine the role of the Civil Servant of Pakistan as a change agent.

6. How the speed and accuracy of communication process can be increased in an organization to solve the chronic problems of administrative delays?

7. Describe the organization and functions of Wafaqi Mohtasib (OMBUDSMAN) in Pakistan.


8. Write only the correct answer in the Answer Book. Do not reproduce the questions.

(1) The first text-book of Public Administration was written by:
(a) W. F. Willoughby
(b) Leonard D. White
(c) Frederick W. Taylor
(d) Woodrow Wilson

(2) The Ideal model of Bureaucracy was propounded by:
(a) Henri Fayol
(b) Marshal Dimock
(c) Dwight Waldo
(d) Max Weber

(3) According to Scientific Management School of Administration:
(a) Human motivation affect to better performance
(b) Social relationships affect the good performance
(c) Political patronage is necessary for good performance
(d) Economic incentives lead to better performance.

(4) In a democratic politico-administrative system, the leadership pattern is:
(a) Authoritarian
(b) Aristocratic
(c) Charismatic
(d) Participative

(5) Administrative accountability is established in the public service by:
(a) Communication
(b) Coordination
(c) Cooperation
(d) Control

(6) Planning machinery in Pakistan is:
(a) Highly centralized
(b) Highly decentralized
(c) Highly independent of federating units
(d) Highly dependent on federating units

(7) The Humanistic Theory of Organization considers that:
(a) Human relationships are atomistic
(b) Human behaviour is completely rationalistic
(c) Individuals are immune from control of groups and other social factors
(d) Formal and informal organizations coincide in a healthy organization.

(8) Public personnel management in Pakistan is based on:
(a) Merit system
(b) Spoils system
(c) Patronage system
(d) Aristocratic system

(9) The speed and accuracy of communications is faster and better in:
(a) Centralized organization structure.
(b) Decentralized organization structure
(c) Under close supervision
(d) Under wide span of supervision

(10) The Comptroller and Auditor General of Pakistan is appointed by:
(a) Prime Minister of Pakistan
(b) President of Pakistan
(c) Establishment Division
(d) Federal Public Service Commission

__________________
The Me you have always known, the Me that's a stranger still.

NOTE: Attempt FIVE questions in all. Including question No. 8 which is compulsory. All questions carry equal marks.

1. Write an essay on, “The role of Public Administration in a modern welfare state”.

2. Identify the major schools of thought in administration. Give arguments in favour of a school of thought which may guide us to change the orientation of governmental administration in Pakistan from status-quo to development.

3. Define the concept of bureaucracy. Elaborate the performance of bureaucracy of Pakistan as a change agent.

4. Suggest with justification an appropriate leadership approach to make the ends of administrative and political leadership meet in a developing country having weak democratic institutions.

5. Discuss the problems of administrative accountability in Pakistan. How should we solve these problems?

6. Describe the structural and functional composition of planning machinery in Pakistan. How can the big between planning and implementation can be bridged to reduce the cost of development in future?

7. Prepare a list of salient features of the system of public personnel management in Pakistan. How the growing trend of political patronage can be checked to reduce the magnitude of corruption in public service.


8. Write only the correct answer in the Answer Book. Do not reproduce the questions.

(1) The author of the book “Public Administration for a Welfare Sate” is written by:
(a) E. N. Gladden
(b) L. D. White
(c) Paul Appleby
(d) James W. Fesler

(2) The title of the book written by Charles F. Kennedy is:
(a) Research on the Bureaucracy of Pakistan
(b) The Human side of Enterprise
(c) Pakistan: the Enigma of Political Development
(d) The Bureaucracy of Pakistan

(3) The theory of “Ideal Model” Bureaucracy was presented by:
(a) Peter M. Blau
(b) Max Weber
(c) I. D. White
(d) Herbert A. Simon

(4) Scientific Management School of thought in administration was established by:
(a) F. W. Taylor
(b) E. N. Gladden
(c) Douglas McGregor
(d) Pfiffner and Presthus

(5) OMBUDSMAN is a word for:
(a) Government official
(b) Representative of People
(c) Business Executive
(d) A senior lawyer

(6) Communication feedback means:
(a) Processing of information
(b) Transmission of information
(c) Retrieval of information
(d) Monitoring through information

(7) Budgeting in Pakistan is based on:
(a) Performance units
(b) Performance packages
(c) Expenditure items
(d) Investment policies

(8) Under the centralized structure of organization communication flow is:
(a) Fast
(b) Slow

(9) Under the centralized structure of organization coordination becomes:
(a) Easy
(b) Difficult

(10) Ecology of Bureaucracy consists of:
(a) Internal environments
(b) External environments
(c) Internal and external environments
(d) Environmental isolation.

__________________
The Me you have always known, the Me that's a stranger still.

NOTE: Attempt FIVE questions in all. Including question No. 8 which is compulsory. All questions carry equal marks.

1. Good Governance is not a luxury it is a vital necessary for development. Explain this statement in the light of the performance of government in Pakistan in the recent post.

2. Does the Civil Service of Pakistan have a career planning system? How does this system develop and guide the career path of the civil service personnel?

3. What is meant by reinventing government? How can such an exercise solve the administrative problems of Pakistan?

4. Explain the process of planning in Pakistan at the provincial and the federal levels. What role does the planning commission of Pakistan play in this process?

5. What is democracy? For a post colonial state like Pakistan what is more important, adherence to the form of democracy or striving to acquire the substance of democracy. Explain your point of view.

6. Where constitutional powers are limited and their exercise subject to judicial review,the activities of the legislature, and hence the limits of executive action, are subject to determination in the law courts. Does this statement effectively explain the process of judicial review of legislative and executive action in Pakistan? Explain.

7. Write short notes on the following:
(a) Programme Performance Budgeting
(b) Ombudsman
(c) Federalism
(d) A. H. Mashlow’s Theory of Human Motivation



10. Write only the correct answer in the Answer Book. Do not reproduce the questions.

(1) Ralph Braibanti is the author of which boo:
(a) South East Asia Political System
(b) The Political System of Pakistan
(c) Pakistan a Political Study
(d) Research on the Bureaucracy of Pakistan

(2) “Pakistan the Enigma f Political Development” was written by:
(a) Lawrence Siring
(b) Hamid Yousaf
(c) Ralph Braibanti
(d) Rizvi S. RIzwan Ali

(3) If you obey a request of your boss, this is:
(a) Informal leadership
(b) Contingency leadership
(c) Formal leadership
(d) Visionary leadership

(4) Charismatic leaders have a:
(a) High need for power
(b) High need to be loved
(c) High need for security
(d) None of these

(5) Listed here are four basic steps in systematic decision making. Three are correct steps which one is not:
(a) Evaluating results
(b) Choosing a preferred course of action
(c) Recognizing and defining the problem
(d) Consulting others involved in the decision

(6) The process of translating an idea or thought into meaningful symbols is called:
(a) Decoding
(b) Encoding
(c) Reception
(d) Feedback

(7) Job enrichment means:
(a) Vertical loading of job tasks
(b) Horizontal locality of job tasks
(c) High degree of task specialization
(d) None of these

(8) The hierarchy of needs theory was developed by:
(a) Vroom
(b) Maslow
(c) Alderter
(d) Fredrich Herzberg

(9) All but one are some of the assumption of theory Y. which one is not?
(a) The expenditure of physical and mental work is as natural as play or rest.
(b) Commitment to objectives is a function of the rewards associated with their achievement.
(c) The average human being learns, under poor conditions, not only to accept but seek responsibility.
(d) The average human being prefers to be directed, wishes to avoid responsibility, has relatively little ambition, wants security above all.

(10) Which of the following statements best describes planned change?
(a) It occurs at random without a change agents direction
(b) It is intense and all encompassing
(c) It occurs as a result of specific efforts on its behalf by a change agent
(d) It is the difference between the actual and desired state of affairs.

(11) The traditional view in theory X by Douglas Mc Greger is that the:
(a) The average human being has an inherent dislike of work and will avoid it if he can
(b) The average worker will leave early
(c) The average individual will be happy
(d) The average manager will be kind hearted

(12) Which scholar of Public Administration maintains that, “it is impossible for the behavior of a single, isolated individual to reach any high degree of rationality in making administrative decision”:
(a) Luccian W. Pye
(b) Earnest Barlear
(c) Herbert A. Simon
(d) Hamid Yousaf

(13) When action is needed quickly in a crisis situation which organization design is the most appropriate?
(a) Conglomerate
(b) Free form
(c) Mechanistic
(d) Matrix

(14) The potential to exert power through the legitimacy of a managerial position is:
(a) Motivation
(b) Leadership
(c) Authority
(d) Referent power

(15) Providing information to subordinates is an example of what communication role?
(a) Decision implements
(b) Strategy maker
(c) Monitor
(d) Disseminator

(16) Division of labour means to:
(a) Divide work into a greater number of parts
(b) Divide and rule the labour
(c) Divide the benefits of production between labour
(d) Divide the assets of he company

(17) Scientific Management is associated with the work of:
(a) Taylor
(b) Mary Parker Follet
(c) Douglas M. McGregor
(d) Leonard D. White

(18) Which of the following will not be considered a work organization:
(a) A Hospital
(b) A School
(c) A Service Industry
(d) A Fraternity

(19) The degree to which individuals feel positively or negatively about their job is:
(a) Job commitment
(b) Job involvement
(c) Job Satisfaction
(d) Frustration

(20) In a bureaucracy authority is based on all but one of the following. Which are:
(a) Logic
(b) Legitimate power
(c) Profit
(d) Division of labour

__________________
The Me you have always known, the Me that's a stranger still.