2023
Q. No. 2. Discuss the main principles of Constructivism in International Relations. Give a
comparative analysis of constructivism and realism with examples. (20)
Q. No. 3. What are the best policy options to deal with asymmetrical warfare? (20)
Q. No. 4. Role of IMF in developing countries is a contested issue in academic research. What
are some positive and negative implications on low income countries?
Q. No. 5. Discuss the significance of IAEA. Critically evaluate its role in nuclear nonproliferation.
Q. No. 6. Do you think global power structure is passing through transition? What are the
contours of big powers strategic realignment?
Q. No. 7. Discuss the concept of state sovereignty. What are the major arguments about noninterference in International Law?
Q. No. 8. Does China's rise challenge the global political system? What are the implications
on Balance of Power Politics?
2022
Q1. Foreign policy scholars argued that transnational actors influence the contours of any country’s foreign policy. Discuss keeping in mind the foreign policy of China.
Q2. It is argued that democratic countries pursue peaceful foreign policies. Support your answer with concrete examples.
Q3. Explain the objectives and determinants of Pakistan’s foreign policy.
Q5. Define power, Explain with examples the concept of hard power, soft power, and smart power in international politics.
Q6. Evaluate the impact of IMF loans on the economy of Pakistan.
Q7. Discuss in detail how globalization has affected the concept of security.
Q8. Discuss in detail the new maritime security challenges for the Indian Ocean region.
2021
Q. No. 2. Define International Relations. Discuss it’s changing/ evolving scope. (20)
Q. No. 3. Comparatively discuss the modernist IR theories (Realism and Liberalism) with postmodernist IR theories (Feminism and Constructivism).
Q. No. 4. Explain the concept of ‘Comprehensive Security’ differentiating it from the traditional
concept of ‘Power’. Is it an appropriate concept for developing and poor countries?
Q. No. 5. Identify and analytically explain the various conflict resolution methods.
Q. No. 6. What is the role of economy in state behaviour? How does it influence definition of
National Interest and how is used as a tool of achieving foreign policy goals? Discuss with examples.
Q. No. 7. Identify the different types of non-State actors in International Relations and their
impact on the International System.
Q. No. 8. Identify and discuss determinants of Pakistan’s Foreign Policy
2020
Q. No. 2. How the Neo-Realist and Constructivist approaches differ over the study of state
behavior in the contemporary international politics?
Q. No. 3. Describe the concept of Pre-Emptive Self-Defense in the context of International Law
and critically evaluate the legitimacy of US use of force against Iraq.
Q. No. 4. What do you understand by International Political Economy? How it promotes
economic dependency in the developing states?
Q. No. 5. Define the concept of Strategic Culture and highlight the major determinants of
Pakistan's Strategic Culture.
Q. No. 6. Explain the concept of Economic Liberalism and relate its core interests with the
concept of Neo-imperialism.
Q. No. 7. Critically evaluate the US Indo-Pacific policy. Do you believe the current US strategies
are aimed at containing growing economic super power China?
Q. No. 8. Describe the geo-strategic importance of Indian Ocean and highlight its impacts on
Pakistan’s Maritime security.
2019
Q. No. 2. Discuss the significant features of “Treaty of Westphalia” and the development of
modern Nation-State System.
Q. No. 3. Discuss the concept of “Idealism”. Explain its core perceptions and define its agenda of peace
for the stability of world.
Q. No. 4. Discuss the concept of “Security” in the post-Cold War era. Explain its changing
Dimensions and define its strength and weaknesses for the nation states.
Q. No. 5. Discuss the concept of “Hybird and Social Media” as a means of modern psychology
warfare. Explain its characteristics and suggest measures to promote national security.
Q. No. 6. Critically discuss the idea of “Dependence and Interdependence”. Explain its
advantages and disadvantages for the poor countries.
Q. No. 7. Discuss the development of “Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty” (NPT), define its main
features and explain its status in present world.
Q. No. 8. Pakistan is going to International Monetary Fund (IMF) for its bailout package to resolve its financial problems through prudent management. Discuss Pakistan’s external debt problems and domestic liabilities to stabilize country’s economic uncertainty.
2018
Q. No. 2. Describe the evolutionary process through which International Relations acquired the
status of an academic discipline.
Q. No. 3. What are the points of convergence and divergence in Neo-Realist and Constructivist
approaches to the study of state behaviour in contemporary international politics?
Q. No. 4. What are the changing dimensions of security and how they vary from the classical
concept of international security?
Q. No. 5. Define the concept of Strategic Culture and highlight the major determinants of
Pakistan’s Strategic Culture.
Q. No. 6. Explain the concept of Economics Liberalism and relate its core interests with the
concept of Neo-imperialism or creating Economic Dependency.
Q. No. 7. Globalisation is a buzz word of present day International Economic and Social Order;
do you agree that it is transforming quickly the national cultures and politics?
Q. No. 8. Describe the concept of Pre-Emptive Self-Defence in the context of International Law and critically evaluate the legitimacy of US use of force against Iraq.
2017
Q. No. 2. What are the essential differences between the liberal internationalist and realist
theories? In your opinion, why is realism the most dominant theory in the discipline of
International Relations?
Q. No. 3. The positivist and post-positivist debate offers a striking contrast in terms of approach and methodology to the study of International Relations. Describe, compare and critically evaluate the divergence between the two debates. Are there any point of convergence?
Q. No. 4. The nation-state system is in a flux with an independence referendum in Scotland and another projected for Catalonia in September 2017. Critically evaluate reasons as to why the modern nation-state in Europe faces internal challenges to its sovereignty and territorial integrity.
Q. No. 5. The rise of China is being heralded as a return of ‘balance of power’ politics in international relations. As the world moves towards multipolarity, account for the essential features of the international security architecture and its evolving dynamics.
Q. No. 6. Define globalisation and its attendant manifestations in global politics. Do you agree with the view that economic globalisation is a form of neo-imperialism which only stands to exploit the Third World states?
Q. No. 7. Critically evaluate the strategically competitive dynamics of Pakistan-India relations in the context of Pakistan’s growing ties with China and India’s increased alignment with the United States.
Q. No. 8. The non-state actor as a military competitor is gaining ground in the Middle East with the rise of ISIS. What strategies can the United Nations and major powers implement in order to ensure peace and security in Iraq and Syria.
2016
Q. No. 2. Examine the concept of National Power and its essential ingredients. (20)
Q. No. 3. Point out the main goals of Foreign Policy of states and determine the factors which influence its making and implementation.
Q. No. 4. What is the significance of Security to states? How far do you agree that international security has given way to global security in face of new challenges of Terrorism and Human Security?
Q. No. 5. Define International Law and explain its Nature. Is it of significance to the development of laws of war and their application?
Q. No. 6. Is war a rational act of state policy? Explain in view of the wars fought in the 20th century.
Q. No. 7. Keeping in view the Charter assess the working of the United Nations in the new millennium.
Q. No. 8. Write notes on any TWO of the following: (10 each)
(a) Feminism
(b) Neo-liberalism
(c) Social Constructivism
2015
Q. No. 2. Visualize the post-Taliban scenario in Afghanistan and discuss its implications for Pakistan.
3.Pakistan-China relations are historic and times tested, have devolved a momentum of
their own and are continuing. Explain.
Q. No. 4. The phenomenon of terrorism has occupied centre stage in today’s world. Highlight the difference between terrorism and freedom struggle. Discuss the issue of terrorism in backdrop of what is happening in Palestine, Afghanistan and Kashmir.
Q. No. 5.“In her foreign policy and trade, Pakistan has never benefitted fully from the ideal (20)
Geostrategic location”. Discuss.
Q. No. 6. Discuss the economic and strategic importance of Gawadar port for Pakistan and for the region.
Q. No. 7. Write short notes on any TWO of the following: (10 each) (20)
(a) Terminology of AF-PAK
(b) E.C.O.
(c) O.I.C.
2014
Q. No. 2. Discuss evolution and development of the discipline of International Relations; define
the dominant factors responsible for and explain their role in the post-cold war era.
Q. No. 3. Explain the concept of Balance of Power in international relations and evaluate its relevance after the demise of Soviet Russia.
Q. No. 4. Critically evaluate the joining of Western Alliances (SEATO & CENTO) by Pakistan and explain its political, economic and strategic consequences for the state’s policy.
Q. No. 5. Do you believe that Diplomacy is the ultimate way to resolve international disputes? What diplomatic means are significant to realize that goal in general and Pakistan-India in particular?
Q. No. 6. Define the term Globalization. Do you believe its prospects are threatened because of the current economic crises in general and third world economies in particular?
Q. No. 7. Do you support the argument that Iran-US nuclear deal will bring a new wave of instability in the region and can also cause serious implications for global non-proliferation regime?
Q. No. 8. Do you agree that the post-Cold War international scenario has generated more constraints than opportunities for Pakistan’s foreign policy? If so, what are those? Suggest measures enabling Pakistan to face the ‘new challenges’.
2013
1. Critically discuss the concept of Balance of Power in the light Of Hans Morgenthau's though?
2. Evaluate the general view of the peace of Westphalia as the founding moment of modern state system? Do you think this system is challenged in the contemporary world?
3. In what ways was the Versailles treaty a contributory factor to European political instability in the period 1919-39?
4. Elucidate the impact of World War II on the decolonization process in ASIA?
5. Describe the efforts of African National Congress against the Apartheid Regime of South Africa?
6. Carry out a comprehensive analysis of the US Foreign Policy towards South Asia during and after the Cold War?
7. Is Globalization under threat because of the world economic crises?
2012
Q. 2. Discuss the development of the study of “International Relations” and define its core
Influential factors and explain its role in the post-Cold War era.
Q. 3. Discuss “Diplomacy” and define its kinds. Explain diplomatic means which can help to
Resolve disputes and conflicts in the world.
Q. 4. Define “Economics as an Instrument in Foreign Policy” and explain it’s fundamental characteristics which can help to achieve state’s objectives.
Q. 5. Critically discuss “Pakistan’s participation in SEATO and CENTO” and explain political, strategic and economic causes and define its potential disadvantages for the country’s foreign policy and diplomacy.
Q. 6. Discuss “Nationalism” and define its salient features in the post-Cold War situation and explain its grave consequences with reference to Eastern Europe, African continent and South Asian tragic incidents. Also debate whether the UN and superpowers played any role in preventing bloodbath in these regions.
Q. 7. Discuss the strategic importance of “Indian Ocean” in the post Cold War scenario and analyze the role of the United States and China in the region. Also identify vital political, economic and strategic interests of both great powers in the contemporary geopolitical situation.
Q. 8. Critically define “American interests in Afghanistan” and explain its political and strategic failure in the region and its unnecessary pressure on Pakistan to “do more” which can destabilize the regional scenario rather than stabilizing the situation. Also discuss the serious impact of American war on terror on Pakistan’s state, society and system.
2011
Q.2. Define International Relations. Identify and explain its continuously changing and expanding nature
And subject matter.
Q.3. Define and explain the nature of International Law. Does International Law have any real role in International Relations?
Q.4. Discuss and explain the causes of World War II. Could a different policy by Britain, France and
USA have avoided its occurrence?
Q.5. Discuss the significance and increasing role of International society in the classically sovereign domains of State with reference to United Nations. Also debate whether the UN in its present structure and status can play the increased role expected of it.
Q.6. Identify the main arguments of the Realism and Liberalism in IR. Which approach appeals to you as a better explaining IR and why? Discuss with empirical evidence.
Q.7. Discuss and analyse the role of Soviet Union during the Cold War. Was it a stabilizing or destabilizing factor in International Relations? Elaborate your answer with reference to theory and facts.
Q.8. Explain why, despite being target of terrorism, Pakistan’s international allies often publicly express dissatisfaction with Pakistan’s counter terrorism policy and actions? Is this a failure of Pakistani diplomacy or weakness in its policy? Identify the fault and suggest corrective measures, if required.
2010
Q.2. ‘Can you imagine a world without Inter-State Relations’? Explain the importance of International
Relations in the Nuclear Age.
Q.3. Describe the basic features of the Modern Nation State. What are the dangers to its future?
Q.4. Define Balance of Terror. How far it has succeeded in preventing a major war in the world?
Q.5. Explain the Socio-Economic and Political Compulsions which led to the formation of Regional Blocs.
Q.6. “After the downfall of Colonialism. The Western Powers have embarked upon a new policy of “Economic Imperialism” through IMF, World Bank, Multi-Nationals and WTO”. Do you agree? Substantiate.
Q.7. “The Kashmir Problem has been mishandled from the beginning and every successive Government in Pakistan has contributed to that”. Critically explain the statement.
Q.8. “The Al-Qaeeda phobia has made USA a neurotic Super Power. She is disregarding the norms of International Law and Diplomacy”. Make your comments by a brief survey of US Global Policy.
2009
Q.2. Describe and discuss the concept of Nation – State and evaluate its future in the light of certain
recent developments.
Q.3. Discuss the importance of International Relations as a field of study.
Q.4. Critically discuss the origin and developments of the cold war and its consequences on World Politics.
Q.5. Economics realities compelled the members of the Developing World to demand for the establishment of New International Economic Order. Give your comment.
Q.6. What factors were responsible for the Creation of the WARSAW and NATO Pacts. Can NATO’s continuing existence be justified.
Q.7. Critically evaluate American Foreign Policy towards Pakistan.
Q.8. what is Nuclear Proliferation? How for the United States of America is justified in making a nuclear deal with India.
2008
Q.2. The emergency of sovereign state as a primary actor was just the beginning of the evolution of modern International System. Assess the pace of change in International Relations from 1815 to 1914.
Q.3. War and Peace are conflicting values of International Politics. A state cannot encourage one without sacrificing other. Describe three means of peace and security in nuclear age.
Q. 4. “Development of International Law and Organization are the efforts of all states to make International System less anarchic”. Elucidate the statement. (20)
Q.5. How can a Nation state best protect her interest and identity in a transitional World Order?
Q.6. Since South Asia has been dominated by the antagonism between India and Pakistan, what impact do nuclear weapons have on the balance of power in the region.
Q.7. Terrorism has compelled everyone to think, “No one can be trusted and everyone is to be feared.” Discuss an appropriate response to Domestic and International terrorism.
Q.8. How effective the UN in dealing with global problems. What will the International System look like in the year 2050?
2007
1. “Europeans transformed Westphalian System of States into empires during 16th, 17th and 18th centuries to increase their Wealth and Power.” Elucidate the statement.
2. Describe interactions among Nations through diplomacy for establishing balance of power to preserve their National Interest.
3. Comparatively analyze the basic philosophy of International Relations, “Peace and Security” has been challenged by the emerging “Economic Regionalism and Military Technologies”.
4. How do you perceive US military engagement in Afghanistan and Iraq and its implications in near future?
5. The two great wars had dismantled colonialism and created Third World and Non-Alignment Movement. How did the UN justify its role in the World Affaris.
6. Discuss the role of Nuclear Diplomacy in South Asia with particular reference to, “US Indian Nuclear deal has activated Indo-Russian Nuclear Cooperation”.
7. The post Cold War, World Order promised Peace, Security, Democracy, Nuclear Non- proliferation and Human Rights protection. Assess its repercussions at present confronted by the world community in the context of Terrorism, Nuclear Proliferation, Globalization and erosion of Human Dignity.
2006
Q.1. Explain, with examples, the main principles of the NEO-REALIST SCHOOL OF THOUGHT in International Relations. How does Neo-Realism differ from Classical Realism?
Q.2. Explain, with examples, the main principles of the NEO-LIBERAL SCHOOL OF THOUGHT in International Relations. How does Neo-Liberalism differ from Classical Liberalism/Idealism?
Q.3. What are the main problems in defining „terrorism‟? Also narrate the implications of the “War on Terrorism” for International Law.
Q.4. Explain the impact of India-Pakistan nuclearisation on strategic stability in South Asia.
Q.5. How does domestic politics influence foreign policy decision making? Explain with reference to Pakistan‟s policy towards India.
Q.6. write a critical analysis of the theory of „Clash of Civilizations‟. What are the prospects of a dialogue among Civilizations?
Q.7. What are the principal challenges and potential opportunities for economic liberalization and democratization in the Muslim world?
2005
1. The relations between the sovereign states of the world are becoming on the most important aspects of contemporary life. Evaluate with reference to the importance of international relations.
2. International system creates interactions among states through diplomacy, international law, and economic relations. Comments.
3. How effective are international organization in dealing with the global problems. Discuss with particular reference to the UN from 1945 to present.
4. In the context of its nature, purpose and devices, how does balance of power influence regional systems?
5. What is nuclear deterrence? Is it an appropriate Policy? What are alternatives to nuclear deterrence?
6. Will China become an Economic Super Power in 21st century? What should US-Policy be towards the modernization of China?
7. How world a realist analyze the current problems in International Politics:
a. Control of Mass destruction Weapons
b. Terrorism
c. human rights violations
d. Politics of environmental protection.
2004
1. The age of isolation is over. The modern states act and behave as member of the international community. Qualify the statement with reference to the following.
A. Definition and scope of International Relations.
B. Nature and utility of the subject.
2. The economic power determine the superiority and political domination of a country in International System? Discuss.
3. Nationalism has been major cause of conflicts. Justify with special reference to the following:
A. Western concept of Nationalism.
B. Islamic Concept
4. Evalute the Sino-Pak nexus in the light of changing geo-politico-economic scenario of the region.
5. OIC has failed to foster Pan Islamic unity and solidarity to meet the challenges faced by the Ummah in a spirit of cooperation and collective action. Indeed it is an important forum that needs complete overhauling/restructuring. Comment and sugest measures to make it effective.
6. Middle East peace process is in doldrums. Discuss.
A. Impediments to Middle East peace process
B. Future prospects and peace efforts.
7. Explain the following with examples:
A. Hostile Embargo
B. Balance of Terror.
C. Entente
D. Co-existence
2003
1. President Bush’s invasion of Afghanistan and Iraq, without sound genuine reasons has made the future of the Modern Nation State doubtful. Do you agree? Give reasons for your answers.
2. Define Economic Imperialism. How far it is correct to say that the G-7 countries have embarked upon Economic Imperialism in the Third World through WTO and Multi-National Corporations.
3. The introduction of the concepts of ‘Unilateralism and pre-emptive strike’ by President Bush has eroded the basis of International law and Diplomacy, in interstate relations. Discuss.
4. Define Détente. Is a Détente possible between India and Pakistan? Give your arguments.
5. What is Nuclear Proliferation? How far the Unites States of America is justified in pursuing the policy of Non-proliferation towards North Korea and Iran?
6. Write notes on the following:
A. Deterrence
B. Euro-communism
C .Peaceful co-existence
D. Perestroika
7. State the conditions for the ‘Road Map ‘of the Palestinian state. What are the hurdles in its implementation?
2002
1.”It is the national power both Tangible and Intangible that determines the actual as well as potential power of a state”. In the light of this statement discuss in detail the nature and attributes of national power.
2.”Notwithstanding its recent expansion NATO should be disbanded because the purpose for which it was established exists no more”. Do you agree with this statement? Give reasons.
3. In your opinion what are the distinguishing features in a profile of American foreign policy since 1990?
4.”Globalization” and “Regionalism”. Do you think these terms are antagonistic or complimentary? Give examples in your arguments.
5. Analyse and elaborate the changes in Chinese foreign policy since the death of Mao Dse Dung.
6. What are the major demands of the “SOUTH” against the “NORTH” for a New International Economic order.
7. Write short notes on the following:
A.NAM
Detente
C.W.T.O
D. International Law
E. Congress of Vienna
2001
1. International Relations is a Separate discipline. Discuss.
2. Critically evaluate American Foreign Policy towards Afghanistan.
3.”Balance of terror and not of power is helpful in maintaining Peace in the nuclear Power Age”. Comment
4. International Law is a significant instrument in regulation the conduct of states and International Organizations. Discuss.
5. In the modern era the foreign policy is directly affected by the economic conditions of a country. Discuss.
6. Explain the future of Disarmament with reference to the foreign policy of major powers.
7. Write notes on any TWO of the following:
A. Limited War
B. International Law and International morality
C.SEATO
D. Palestine Problem
2000
1. Define International Relations. Discuss its scope and importance of the study of International
Relations.
2. Define Imperialism and discuss the Economic Theories of Imperialism.
3. Do you agree that in contemporary International Relations, International Economic and Trade? Linkages are being used as pressure tactics in inter-State Relations.
4. Define Non-Aligned Movement? Make an appraisal of its role and discuss the future of NAM.
5. Define the Politics of Nuclear Proliferation. How far the super powers have been responsible For the proliferation of Nuclear weapons.
6. Write notes on TWO of the following:
(a) De-colonization (b) Crisis Management
(c) Euro Communism (d) Pak-China relations in the 1990s.
7. Define the present "Russian Doctrine" and discuss its impact on Pakistan and India.