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Argus

Friday, March 25, 2005 02:54 PM

English (1971-1999)

3 Attachment(s)

ASA
Attached Files r the Past Paspers of English (Précis & Composition) from 1971-1980, from 1981-1990 and from 1991-1996......Download attachment
Regards,
Adnan

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Tuesday, April 01, 2008 12:44 AM

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[CENTER][CENTER][B]IN BPS – 17 UNDER THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT, 1971.[/B][/CENTER]
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[CENTER][CENTER] [CENTER][CENTER][B]ENGLISH (Précis and Composition)[/B][/CENTER]
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[CENTER][CENTER][B][U]TIME ALLOWED: THREE HOURS MAXIMUM MARKS:100

[/U][/B][LEFT] [B]1. Make a Précis of following passage in about 250 words:[/B]

The essence of poetry is that it deals with events which concern a large number of people and can be grasped not as immediate personal experience but as matter known largely from heresy and presented in simplified and often abstract forms. it is thus the antithesis of all poetry which deals with the special, individual activity of the self and tries to present this as specially and as individually as it can. The poet who deals with public themes may himself be affected, even deeply, by contemporary events at some point in his own being, but to see them in their breadth and depth he must rely largely on what he hears from other men and from mass instruments of communication. From the start his impulse to write about them is different from any impulse to write about his own affairs. It may be just as strong and just as compelling, but it is not of the same kind. He has to give his own version of something which millions of others may share with him, and however individual he may wish to be, he cannot avoid relying to a large extent on much that he knows only from second hand.
Fundamentally this may not matter, for after all what else did Shakespeare do: but the political poet does not construct an imaginary past, he attempts to grasp and interpret a vast present. Between him and his subject there is a gap which he can never completely cross, and all his attempts to make events part of himself must be to some extent hampered by recalcitrant elements in them, which he does not understand or cannot assimilate or find irrelevant to his creative task. in such poetry selection which is indispensable to all art, has to be made from an unusually large field of possibilities and guided by an exacting sense of what really matters and what does not. On one side he may try to include too much and lose himself in issues where be is not imaginatively at home, on the other side he may see some huge event merely from a private angle which teed not mean much to others. Political poetry oscillates between these extremes, and its history in our time has been largely attempts to make the best of one or the other of them or to see what compromises can be made between them.

[B]2. Rewrite the following poem in simple prose and then comment on the different between the poetic achievement in the poem and the literal rendering in prose made by you:[/B]

War is not a life, it is a situation,
One which may neither be ignored or accepted
A problem to be met with ambush and stratagem,
Enveloped or scattered
The enduring is not a substitute for the transient
Neither one for the other. But the abstract conception
Of private experience as its greatest intensity
Becoming universal, which we call “poetry”
May be affirmed in verse.

[B]3. a) Use the following words in at least two senses, either as a verb or as a noun or as an adjective or as both:[/B][LIST=1][*]Clear,[*]Face,[*]Energy,[*]Value,[*]Build.[/LIST][B]b) Use the following idiomatic expressions in illustrative sentences:[/B][LIST=1][*]Carry out,[*]Taken over,[*]Bring about,[*]Beat out,[*]Bear with.[/LIST][B]4. [/B]“The unity of a country depends on the historical consciousness of its people of a common past, but it depends more on the acceptance by people of common value-system on which their culture is based.” Discuss.
[B]OR[/B]
Suggest ways and means of removing bitterness and improving good relationship between East and West Pakistan.

[B]5. [/B]Analyse the causes of Youth Rebellion in the world today and suggest ways and means of removing those causes.
[B]OR[/B]
‘West is West and East is East
And Never the twain shall meet?
(Kipling)

Write an imaginary conversation between Kipling and a highly modernized Pakistani who has seen how modem technologically oriented Western Civilization completely changing the altitude of a modern man.

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Tuesday, April 01, 2008 12:57 AM

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Tuesday, April 01, 2008 01:01 AM

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Tuesday, April 01, 2008 01:05 AM

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Tuesday, April 01, 2008 01:10 AM

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Tuesday, April 01, 2008 01:12 AM

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Tuesday, April 01, 2008 01:14 AM

[CENTER][CENTER][B]FEDERAL PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION[/B][/CENTER]
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[CENTER][CENTER][B]COMPETITIVE EXAMINATION FOR RECRUITMENT TO POSTS[/B][/CENTER]
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[CENTER][CENTER][B]IN BPS – 17 UNDER THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT, 1977.[/B][/CENTER]
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[CENTER][CENTER][B]ENGLISH (Précis and Composition)[/B][/CENTER]
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[CENTER][CENTER][B][U]TIME ALLOWED: THREE HOURS MAXIMUM MARKS:100[/U][/B][/CENTER]
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[B]1. Write a Précis of the following passage:[/B]

Those who regard the decay of civilization as something quite normal and natural console themselves with the thought that it is not civilization, but a civilization, which is falling a prey to dissolution, that there will be a new age and a new race in which there will blossom a new civilization. But that is a mistake. The earth no longer has in reverse, as it had once, gifted peoples as yet unused, who can relieve us and take our place in some distant future as the leaders of our spiritual life. We already know all those that the earth has to dispose of. There is not one among them which is not already taking such a part in our civilization that its spiritual fate is determined by our own. All of them, the gifted and the un-gifted, the distant and the near, have felt the influence of those forces of barbarism which are yet working among us. All of them are, like ourselves, diseased, and only as we--recover can they recover. It is not the civilization of a race, but that of mankind, present and future alike, that we must give up as lost, if belief in the rebirth of our civilization is a vain thing. But it need not be so given up. If the ethical is the essential element in civilization, decadence changes into renaissance as on as ethical activities are set to work again in our convictions and in the ideas which we undertake to stamp upon reality. The attempt to bring this about is well worth making, and it should be world wide. It is true that the difficulties that have to be reckoned with in this undertaking are so great that only the strongest faith in the power of the ethical spirit will let us venture on it. Again the renewal of civilization is hindered by the fact that it is so exclusively the individual personality which must be looked to as the agent in the new movement. The renewal of civilization has nothing to do with movements which bear the character of the experiences of the crowd, these are never anything but reactions to external happenings. But civilization can only revive when there shall come into being in a number of individuals a new tone of mind independent of the one prevalent among the crowd and in opposition to it, a tone of mind which gradually win influence over the collective one, and in the end determine its character. It is only an ethical movement which can rescue us from the slough of barbarism, and the ethical comes into existence only in individuals. The final decision as to what the future of a society shall be depends not only how near its organization is to perfection, but on the degrees of worthiness in its individual members. The most important, and yet the least easily determinable, element in history is the series of unobtrusive general changes which take place in the individual dispositions, and that is why it is so difficult to understand thoroughly the men and events of past times. The character and worth of individuals among the mass and the way they work themselves into membership of the whole body, receiving influences from its and giving others back, we can even today only partially and uncertainly understand. One thing, however, is clear. Were the collective body works more strongly on the individual than the latter does upon it, the result is deterioration because the noble element on which everything depends, namely the spiritual and moral worthiness of the individual is thereby necessarily constricted and hampered. Decay of the spiritual and moral life then sets in which renders society incapable of understanding and solving the problems which it has to face. Therefore sooner or later, it is involved in catastrophe, and that is why it is the duty of individuals to a higher conception of their capabilities and undertake the function which only the
individual can perform, that of producing new spiritual-ethical ideas. If this does not come about many times over nothing can save us. (20 marks)

[B]2. a) Read the following poem carefully and paraphrase it in modem English prose: (10 marks)[/B]

[B] b) Write a brief criticism of the poem. [/B]

Mortality, behold and fear,
What a change of flesh is here!
Think how many royal bones
Sleep within these heaps of stones,
Here they lie, had realms and lands,
Who now want strength to stir their hands.
Wherefrom their pulpits seal'd with dust
They preach, ‘In greatness is no trust’.
Here’s an acre sown indeed
With the richest royallest seed
That the earth did e’er suck in
Since the first-man died for sin.
Here the bones of birth have cried
Though gods they were, as men they died!’
Here are sands, ignoble things,
Dropt from the ruin’d sides of Kings:
Here’s a world of pomp and state
Buried in dust, once dead by fate.

[B] 3. a) Use any five of the following pairs of words in sentences to bring out clearly their difference in meaning: (10 marks)[/B][LIST=1][*]Altar, alter,[*]Apposite, opposite,[*]Bear, bare,[*]Complacent, complaisant,[*]Confident, confidant,[*]Disease, decease,[*]Gate, gait,[*]Judicial, judicious,[*]Ingenious, ingenuous,[*]Yoke, yolk.[/LIST][B]b) Use any five of the following expressions in your own sentences to illustrate their meaning: (10 marks)[/B][LIST=1][*]To bear the brunt of,[*]To call a spade a spade,[*]To fight shy of,[*]To cry over the spilt milk,[*]To burn the candle at both ends,[*] To rob peter to pay Paul,[*]To take the bull by the horns,[*] Playing to the gallery,[*]Holding out the olive branch,[*]To make out.[/LIST][B]
4.[/B] Write a letter to your local newspaper, complaining of some local nuisance and making some positive recommendations. (Please make sure that Name, Roll No. etc. is not given in the letter)
[B]OR [/B]
Write a description (of about 200 words) of a rural or urban scene with which you are familiar. (20 marks)

[B]
5. [/B]Briefly discuss “The Role of the University in Economic Development.”
[B]OR[/B]
Discuss in about 250 words. One of the following topics:
a) How free is the Press?
b) The lure of fashion. - (20 marks)

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Tuesday, April 01, 2008 01:17 AM

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Tuesday, April 01, 2008 01:19 AM

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Tuesday, April 01, 2008 01:22 AM

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Tuesday, April 01, 2008 08:21 PM

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Tuesday, April 01, 2008 08:26 PM

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Tuesday, April 01, 2008 08:32 PM

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[CENTER][CENTER][B]COMPETITIVE EXAMINATION FOR RECRUITMENT TO POSTS[/B][/CENTER]
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[CENTER][CENTER][B]IN BPS – 17 UNDER THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT, 1983.[/B][/CENTER]
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[CENTER][CENTER][B]ENGLISH (Précis and Composition)[/B][/CENTER]
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[CENTER][CENTER][B][U]TIME ALLOWED: THREE HOURS MAXIMUM MARKS:100[/U][/B][/CENTER]
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[B]1. Write a Précis of the following passage and suggest a suitable title: 25[/B]

Rural development lies at the heart of any meaningful development strategy. This is the only mechanism to carry the message to the majority of the people and to obtain their involvement in measures designed to improve productivity levels. Rural population exceeds 70 percent of the total population of the country, despite a rapid rate of urbanization. Average rural income is 34 percent less than per capita urban income. A large part of under employment is still concealed in various rural activities particularly in the less developed parts of the country. For centuries, the true magnitude of poverty has been concealed from view by pushing a large part of it to the rural areas. This set in motion a self-perpetuating mechanism. The more enterprising and talented in the rural society migrated to the cities in search of dreams which were seldom realized. Such migrants added to urban squalor. The relatively more prosperous in the rural society opted for urban residence for different reasons. The rural society itself has in this way systematically been denuded of its more enterprising elements, as rural areas developed the character of a huge and sprawling slum. Development in the past has touched rural scene mainly via agricultural development programmes. These are essential and would have to be intensified. Much more important is a large scale expansion of physical and social infrastructure on the village scene. These included rural roads, rural water supply and village electrification as a part of the change in the physical environment and primary education and primary health care as the agents of social change. The task is to provide modern amenities as an aid for bringing into motion the internal dynamics of the rural society on a path leading to increase in productivity and self-help, changing the overall surrounding, while preserving coherence, integrated structure and the rich cultural heritage of the rural society.

[B]2. Read the following passage carefully and answer any two of the Questions that follow in your own words: (20)[/B]

“The third great defect of our civilization is that it does not know what to do with its knowledge. Science has given us powers fit for the gods, yet we use them like small children. For example, we do not know how to manage our machines. Machines were made to be man’s servants, yet he has grown so dependent on them that they arc in a fair way to become his masters. Already most men spend most of their lives looking after and waiting upon machines. And the machines are very stern masters. They must be fed with coal, and given petrol to drink, and oil to wash with and they must be kept at the right temperature. And if they do not get their meals when they expect them, they grow sulky and refuse to work, or burst with rage, and blow up and spread ruin and destruction all round them. So we have to wait upon them very attentively and do all that we can to keep them in a good temper. Already we find it difficult either to work or play without the machines, and a time may come when they will rule us altogether, just as we rule the animals. And this brings me to the point at which I asked “What do we do with all time which the machines have saved for us, and the new energy they have given us?” On the whole, it must be admitted, we do very little. For the most part we use our time and energy to make more and better machines, but more and better machines will only give us still more time and still more energy and what are we to do with them? The answer, I think, is that we should try to become more civilized. For the machines themselves, and the power which the machines have given us, are not civilization but aids to civilization. But you will remember that we agreed at the beginning that being civilized meant making and liking beautiful things, thinking freely, and living rightly and maintaining justice equally between man and man. Man has a better chance today to do these things than he ever had before, he has more time, more energy, less to fear and less to fight against. lf he will give his time and energy which his machines have won for him to making more beautiful things, to finding out more and more about the universe to removing the causes of quarrels between nations, to discovering how to prevent poverty, then I think our civilization would undoubtedly be the greatest, as it would be the most lasting that there has ever been.”

a) What is your concept of “Civilization”? Do you agree with the author’s views on the subject?
b) Science has given us powers fit for the gods. If it a curse or blessing?
c) The use of machines has brought us more leisure and energy? Are we utilizing it to improve the quality of human life?
d) Instead of making machines our servants, the author says, they have become our masters. In what sense has this come about?

[B]3. Expand the idea contained in one of the following:[/B][LIST=1][*] “Give every man thy ear but few thy voice”[*] “If winter comes, can spring be far behind”[*]To err is human, to refrain from laughing, humane.[*]House are built to live in and not to look on[*]“Full many a flower is born to blush unseen And waste its sweetness on the desert air”[*]What is this life, if full of care[*]We have no time to stand and stare?[*]A Yawn is a Silent Shout.[/LIST][B]4. Use any five of the following pairs of words in your own sentences so as to bring out their meaning:[/B][LIST=1][*]Allusion, illusion,[*]Ardour, order,[*]Conquer, concur,[*]Cite, site,[*]Addict, edict,[*]Proceed, precede[*]Right, rite,[*]Weather, whether.[/LIST][B]5. Fill in the blanks:[/B][LIST=1][*]Much ___________ about nothing.[*]_______ is the last refuge of the Scoundrel.[*]To put the____before the _______[*] ________of the same ______ flock-together.[*]A _______ in time saves _______[*] ______ Dog seldom ___[*]Sweet are the uses of______[*]Eternal ________is the price of_____[*]A __________ child _______ the fire.[*]One man’s _ is another man’s ________[/LIST][B]6. Check and write the word or phrase you believe is nearest to the meaning of any ten of the following words:[/B]
i) Moratorium:
a) Large tomb
b) waiting period
c) Security for debt
d) Funeral house.

ii) Prolific:
a) Skilful
b) Fruitful
c) Wordy
d) Spread out.

iii) Bi-Partisan:
a) Narrow minded
b) Progressive
c) representing two parties
d) Divided.

iv) Unequivocal:
a) careless
b) unmistakable
c) variable
d) Incomparable
.
v) Covenant
a) Prayer
b) debate
c) garden
d) agreement

vi) Tentative:
a) expedient
b) nominal
c) provisional

vii) Demographic: Relating the study of:
a) Government
b) Demons
c) Communications
d) Population.

viii) Sonar Apparatus to:
a) detect something in the air
b) locate objects under water.
c) measure rain
d) anticipate earthquake.

ix) Progeny:
a) a genius
b) offsprings
c) ancestors
d) growth.

x) Empirical:
a) Relay on theory
b) based on experience
c) having vision of power
d) disdainful.

xi) Polarize:
a) chill
b) to separate into opposing extremes
c) slant
d) cause to be freely movable.

xii) Apolitical:
a) conservative
b) rude
c) non-political
d) radical

xiii) Plenary:
a) Timely
b) Combined
c) Florid
d) full.

xiv) Entourage:
a) decorators
b) Tourist
c) attendant
d) adversaries.

xv) Diagnosis:
a) identification of an illness
b) Prophecy
c) Plan
d) likeness.

xvi) Nucleus:
a) Core
b) outer part
c) inedible nut
d) quality.

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Tuesday, April 01, 2008 08:45 PM

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[CENTER][CENTER][B]COMPETITIVE EXAMINATION FOR RECRUITMENT TO POSTS[/B][/CENTER]
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[CENTER][CENTER][B]IN BPS – 17 UNDER THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT, 1984.[/B][/CENTER]
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[CENTER][CENTER][B]ENGLISH (Précis and Composition)[/B][/CENTER]
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[CENTER][CENTER][B][U]TIME ALLOWED: THREE HOURS MAXIMUM MARKS:100

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[B]1. Write a Précis of the following Passage and suggest a suitable title:[/B]

It is no doubt true that we cannot go through life without sorrow. There can be no sunshine without shade. We must not complain that roses have thorns, but rather be grateful that thorns bear flowers. Our existence here is so complex that we must expect much sorrow and much suffering. Many people distress and torment themselves about the mystery of existence. But although a good man may at times be angry with the world, it is certain that no man was ever discontented with the world who did his duty in it. The world is a looking-glass, if you smile, it smiles, if you frown, it frowns back. If you look at it-through a red glass, all seems red and rosy: if through a blue, all blue, if through a smoked one, all dull and dingy. Always try then to look at the bright side of things, almost everything in the world has a bright side. There are some persons whose smile, the sound of whose voice, whose very presence seems like a ray of sunshine and brightens a whole room. Greet everybody with a bright smile, kind words and a pleasant welcome. It is not enough to love those who are near and dear to us. We must show that we do so. While, however, we should be grateful, and enjoy to the full the innumerable blessings of life, we cannot expect to have no sorrows or anxieties. Life has been described as a comedy to those who think, and a tragedy to those feel. It is indeed a tragedy at times and a comedy very often, but as a rule, it is what we choose to make it. No evil, said Socrates, can happen to a good man, either in Life or Death. –

[B]2. Read the following Passage carefully and answer any two questions given at the end:[/B]

During the last few decades medicine has undoubtedly advanced by huge strides in consequence of innumerable discoveries and inventions. But have we actually become healthier as a result of this progress? Admittedly, tuberculosis or cholera is today a much rare cause of death in many countries. On the other hand, various other no less dangerous diseases have appeared, which we term “time diseases”. They include not only certain impairments of the heart and the circulatory system, of the skeletal structure and internal organs, but also an increased psychic instability, the addiction to all manner of drugs etc., and states of nervous shock and exhaustion. According to Bodamer, “Man’s hystorical and vain attempt to overtax and do violence to his nature in order to adjust it to the technical world leads to a dangerous threat to health.” In other words, our organs can no longer cope with the noise, the bustle and all the inevitable concomitants of our modern civilization. A man’s body is simply not a machine to be used as he thinks fit, and as long as he likes. It is something living, a part of the image of God in which we were created. That is why the body has a rhythm of its own, a rhythm that can make itself heard. The most deep-seated of all the diseases of our time is that man no longer takes God into account, that he has lost confidence in God’s dominion over the world, that he considers the visible as the ultimate, the only, reality. But man without God suffers from hi-s fate because he cannot accept it from the hand of God. He suffers from the world because he senses its disordered state without being able to put it right. He begins to suffer from his work -because it exhausts him without satisfying him. He begins to suffer from his fellowmen because they are not his neighbours, to whom God would have him turn, but because he less them get on his neighbours, to whom God would have him turn, but because he-lets them get on his nerves and make him ill. And he suffers from himself because he finds himself out of tune and dissatisfied with himself. It is only because our time is no longer centered in God that its structure is increasing becoming what critics of our civilization call “pathological” dominated by the fear of life as well as by the lust for life, ending in the splitting of personality. 20

a) How does the expression “time diseases” indicate that these various ailments have something fundamental in common? Explain
b) Why does modern man suffer from his time? It is not because he has not adapted his body sufficiently to the demands of the machine?- It is not rather because he has surrendered his soul to time and its powers?
c) What cure would you suggest to combat these ills?
d) Explain the last sentence fully.

[B]3.Make sentences to illustrate the meaning of any five of the following: 15[/B]
a) To look a gift horse in the mouth.
b) To have an axe to grind.
c) To wash one’s dirty linen in public.
d) To pocket an insult.
e) To take to one’s heels.. -
f) To win laurels.
g) A gentleman at large.

[B]4. Examine the following word groups. Explain and use any five of them in sentences to determine where genuine differences of meaning and function exist within the group:[/B]
a) Table, brand
b) Opinion, judgement
c) Uninterested, disinterested
d) Revolt, mutiny
e) Decay, spoil
f) Adjourn, postpone
g) Ignore, neglect
h) Conspiracy, plot

[B]5. Discuss each of the following situations and determine the validity of the direct testimony involved:[/B]

a). A witness testifies to seeing a holdup and identifies one of the gunmen. it is established that this witness was about two hundred yards from the scene of the crime. Under cross examination, the attorney for the defence brings out the fact that the witness habitually wears glasses to correct a severe condition of nearsightedness, but that on the day of holdup, his glasses were broken and he had just left them to be repaired.

b) A series of witnesses agrees that a-particular crime was committed by a man who is bald, walks with a slight lip, is about 510 tall, and wears thick glasses. They differ on the matter of the colour of his clothing, the type of shoes he was wearing, and the size of satchel he was carrying.

[B]OR[/B]

Explain as clearly as you can any two of the following statements:
a) The political structure of a society is always the power structure of that society.
b) It is better to be silent and be thought stupid than to speak and prove it’s true.
c) The only knowledge worth having is that which is applicable to some part of the economic life of the community
d) Any “labour-saving” device is the most in-human aspect of work.

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Tuesday, April 01, 2008 08:47 PM

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Tuesday, April 01, 2008 08:49 PM

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Tuesday, April 01, 2008 08:52 PM

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Tuesday, April 01, 2008 08:53 PM

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Tuesday, April 01, 2008 08:55 PM

[CENTER][CENTER][B]FEDERAL PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION[/B][/CENTER]
[/CENTER]
[CENTER][CENTER][B]COMPETITIVE EXAMINATION FOR RECRUITMENT TO POSTS[/B][/CENTER]
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[CENTER][CENTER][B]IN BPS – 17 UNDER THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT, 1990.[/B][/CENTER]
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[CENTER][CENTER][B]ENGLISH (Précis and Composition)[/B][/CENTER]
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[CENTER][CENTER][B][U]TIME ALLOWED: THREE HOURS MAXIMUM MARKS:100[/U][/B][/CENTER]
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[B]1. Write a Précis of the following passage and suggest a suitable title: 25 [/B]

Not all the rulers signed the Instrument of Accession at once. Afraid that the Socialist Congress Party would strip him of his amusements, flying, dancing girls and conjuring delights which he had only just begun to indulge since he had only recently succeeded his father to the throne, the young Maharajah of Jodhpur arranged a meeting with Jinnah. Jinnah was aware that both Hindu majority and geographical location meant that most of the Princely states would go to India, but he was gratified by the thought that he might be able to snatch one or two from under Patel’s nose. He gave Jodhpur a blank sheet of paper. ‘Write your conditions on that’ he said, 'and I’ll sign it’ Elated, the Maharajab returned to his hotel to consider. It was an unfortunate- move on his part, for V. P. Menon was there waiting for him. Menon’s agents had alerted him to what Jodhpur was up to. He told the young ruler that his presence was requested urgently at viceroy’s House, and reluctantly the young man accompanied him there. The urgent summons had been an excuse, and once they had arrived, Menon had to go on a frantic search for Viceroy, and tell him what had happened. Mountbatten responded immediately. He solemnly reminded Jodhpur that Jinnah could not guarantee any conditions he might make, and that accession to Pakistan would spell disaster for his state. At the same time, he assured him that accession to India would float automatically mean end of his pleasure. Mountbatten left him alone with Menon to sign a provisional agreement.

[B]2. Read the following passage carefully and answer any four questions given at the end as briefly as possible. 10[/B]

Mountbatten was taking his family to Simla to snatch a few days’ rest. He had brought with him a copy of the Draft Plan for the transfer of power (which he had sent to London for approval). Menon had come up and they were expecting Nehru for the weekend. Mountbattcn was delighted that Edwina (his wife) and Jawaharlal had taken to each other so much. It could only help his work, and it seemed to do them both so much good. Nehru himself had been in fine form. Mieville and George Nicolis (Principal Secretary to the Viceroy and Deputy Personal secretary to the Viceroy respectively) had shown some - dismay at Viceroy’s openness with the Indian leader but Mountbatten chose to ignore them. Despite his continuing optimism for the Plan, Menon's contention that it would not be well received by the Congress had given him more than usual pause for thought. After dinner on Saturday night, he invited Nehru in the Viceregal Lodge for a nightcap. The Viceroy handed Nehru his drink, and then quite suddenly crossed the room to the safe and unlocked it, taking out the Draft Plan handed him the papers (giving free run his instinct whatever the result). Nehru took the Draft Plan eagerly and sat down with it. Immersing himself in it immediately. Mountbatten watched him... The Indian had stopped reading the Plan, and was riffling angrily through the final pages. His face was-drawn and pale. Mountbatten was shaken. He had never seen Nehru so furious. Nehru made an effort to control himself.... ‘I will try to summarise my thoughts tonight and leave you a note of my objections. This much I can tell you now: Congress will never agree to plan of India’s fragmentation into a host of little states'. The following day, the Viceroy sat on the secluded rear terrace of Viceregal Lodge while V. P. Menon read over Nehru’s promise memorandum of objections. ‘Mr. Nehru only questions certain Section of the Plan, said Menon. ‘Yes — the key ones!’ snapped Mountbatten. ‘Look we have tO redraft and resubmit immediately,- in the light of his comments. Can you do it?” ‘Very well, Your Excellency,’ said Menon. ‘..-... I want it (the fresh draft) by six O’clock this evening.’
a) How did Lord Mountbatten view the relationship between his wife, Lady Edwina and Jawaharalal Nehru? -
b) How did the officers on the staff of Lord Mountbatten view his close relationship with Nehru and what was Mountbatten’s reaction to it? -
c) Why did Lord Mountbatten show the Draft Plan to Nehru?
d) Did Lord Mountbatten show the Draft Plan to Quaid-e-Azam? If not, what will the showing of secret Draft Plan to Nehru alone will be called?
e) What motivated the drawing up of a fresh Plan for transfer of power?
f) Within what time was the fresh plan prepared and by whom?
g) Was the person who drew up the fresh plan, under orders of Mountbatten, a neutral and impartial person, not connected with any Indian community?

[B]3. Make sentences to illustrate the meaning of any four of the following: 8[/B]
a) White elephant,
b) Blue Blood,
c) Cleanse the Augean stable,
d) Apple of discord,
e) In good books,
f) Between the devil and the deep sea,
g) Stare in the face,
h) Make off with.

[B]4. Use any three of the following sets of words in sentences so as to bring out clearly the difference in their meaning: 18[/B]
a) Adept, Adopt, Adapt,
b) Alleged, Accused, Suspected,
c) Bear, Borne, Born
d) Raise, Rise, Raze,
e) Smeel, Stink, Scent,
f) Least, Less, Lest,
g) Quiet, quite, Quite,
h) Their, There, They’re

[B]5. Given below are a number of key words: Select any three and indicate the word or phrase you believe is nearest in meaning to the key word:[/B]

i) Domesticate:
a) To turn native,
b) Be exclusive,
c) Cut claws,
d) Tame.

ii) Antics:
a) Expectation,
b) Temper,
c) String games,
d) Absurd behaviour.

iii) Recapitulate:
a) To surrender,
b) Be indecisive,
c) Summarisè,
d) Retract.

iv) Hypothetical:
a) Philosophical,
b) Truce,
c) Assumed,
d) volatile.

v) Data:
a) Ideas,
b) Belief,
c) Point of origin,
d) Information.

vi) Era:
a) A disaster,
b) Cycle,
c) Period of history,
d) Curious event.

vii) Trait:
a) A narrow enclosure,
b) Strong point,
c) Distinguishing feature,
d) Footprint.

[B]6. Develop the idea contained in any one of the following in about 150 words: 20[/B]
a) A thing of beauty is a joy for ever, -
b) Cowards die many times before their death,
c) In matters of conscience, the law of majority has no place,
d) Heard melodies are sweet, but those unheard are sweeter,
e) Unity, Faith, Discipline.

Last Island

Tuesday, April 01, 2008 08:56 PM

Last Island

Tuesday, April 01, 2008 08:57 PM

Last Island

Tuesday, April 01, 2008 08:58 PM

Last Island

Tuesday, April 01, 2008 09:01 PM

[CENTER][CENTER][B]FEDERAL PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION[/B][/CENTER]
[/CENTER]
[CENTER][CENTER][B]COMPETITIVE EXAMINATION FOR RECRUITMENT TO POSTS[/B][/CENTER]
[/CENTER]
[CENTER][CENTER][B]IN BPS – 17 UNDER THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT, 1994.[/B][/CENTER]
[/CENTER]

[CENTER][CENTER][B]ENGLISH (Précis and Composition)[/B][/CENTER]
[/CENTER]

[CENTER][CENTER][B][U]TIME ALLOWED: THREE HOURS MAXIMUM MARKS:100[/U][/B][/CENTER]
[/CENTER]

[B]1. Make a Précis of the following passage in about 125 words and suggest a suitable title: 25 marks.[/B]

“Education does not develop autonomously: it tends to be a mirror of society and is seldom at the cutting edge of social change. It is retrospective, even conservative, since it teaches the young what others have experienced and discovered-about the world. The future of education will be shaped not by educators, but by changes in demography, technology and the family. Its ends - to prepare students to live and work in their society - are likely to remain stable, but its means are likely to change dramatically”. “Schools, colleges and universities will be redefined in fundamental ways: who is educated, how they are educated, where they are educated - all are due for upheaval. B Ut their primary responsibility will be much the same as it is now: to teach knowledge of languages, science, history, government, economics, geography, mathematics and the arts, as well as the skills necessary to understand today’s problems and to use its technologies. In the decades ahead, there will be a solid consensus that, as Horace Mann, an American educator, wrote in 1846, “Intelligence is a primary ingredient in the wealth of nations”. In recognition of the power of this idea, education will be directed purposefully to develop intelligence as a vital national resource”. “Even as nations recognize the value of education in creating human capital, the institutions that provide education will come under increasing strain. State systems of education may not survive demographic and technological change. Political upheavals in unstable regions and the case of international travel will ensure a steady flow of immigrants, legal and illegal, from poor nations to rich ones. As tides of immigration sweep across the rich world, the receiving nations have a choice: they can assimilate the newcomers to the home culture, or they can expect a proliferation of cultures within their borders. Early this century, state systems assimilated newcomers and taught them how to fit in. Today social science frowns on assimilation, seeing it as a form of cultural coercion, so state systems of education are likely to eschew cultural imposition. In effect, the state schools may encourage trends that raise doubts about the purpose or necessity of a state system of education”. (Diane Ravieh).

[B]2. Read the following passage and answer the question given at the end in your own words. 20 marks.[/B]

“Piecing together the story of human evolution is no easy task. The anthropologist Richard Leakey has identified four key steps in our evolution from the earliest hominid to modern humans. First, the occurrence of binedilism between 10 and 4 million years ago. Then the evolution of Homo, with its large brain and capacity to make stone tools — the earliest examples of which are 2.5 million years old. Next, the evolution of Hemo erects almost 2 million years ago, followed by its migration out of Africa into Eurasia. And finally the appearance of modern human less than 150000 years ago”. “Through the 10 million years of human evolution, the Earth’s climate has changed considerably. During the period that Michael Sarrnthies of Kie has called the “Golden era” — up to 3 million years ago — the world was much warmer than it is now. Then conditions started to deteriorate, and there was a gradual build-up of ice at the poles. Around 2.6 million years ago the climate became cyclical: ice ages characterized by huge ice sheets covering much of North America and northern Europe were followed by interglacial, when conditions were comparable to those we see today. Elizabeth Vrba of Yale University, one of the most vigorous proponents of the idea of punctuated equilibrium, has shown that this change in the world’s climate 2.6 million years ago had sudden and dramatic effects in Africa. A predominantly warm and moist climate was transformed into one which was colder and more arid”. (Mark Maslim)
a. Give dictionary meanings of the underlined words.
b. How did the climate become cyclical?
c. Define the term “Golden era”.
d. Describe the various stages in the development of the human species.

[B]3. Expand the idea embodied in One of the following in about 200 words. 20[/B]
a. The administration of justice is the firmest pillar of government.
b. Art is long and time is fleeting.
c. The better part of valour is discretion.
d. Conscience is God’s presence in man. -
e. Capital is only the fruit of labour, and could never have existed if labour had not first existed.

[B]4. Complete any five of the -following sentences supplying the missing word in each: 10[/B]
a. From this happy ______ he is awakened by his child asking him to read ______ an incredibly long and boring story about wolves.
b. The this is that, when we do travel, we never seem to these people.
c. The _______ objects were not changes, but the ______ things had altered beyond recognition.
d. More than ten days ______ before I again had any ______ with Mrs. Reed.
e. His ______ has fallen off, revealing a ______ of dirt on his bald head.
f. No, we must accept the ______ with what grace we can and leave the weather to its own
g. Take all you need but leave your______ behind is sound- - for the holidaymaker.
h. Modern advertisements often ______ the human race in a __________ light.

[B]5. Use any Five of the following pairs of words your own sentences to bring out the difference in their meaning:- 10[/B]
i. All Awl;
(ii) Boy, Buoy;
(iii) Fallow, Fellow:
(iv) Jewry, Jury;
(v) Functional, Disfunctional;
(vi) Yew, Eue;
(vii) Allusive, Elusive;
(viii) Ladylike, Ladyship.

[B]6. Frame sentences to illustrate the meaning of any five of the following: 15[/B]
Between Scylla and Charybidis;
(ii) Hobson’s choice;
(iii) Sting in the tail;
(iv) With open arms;
(v) Wash one’s hand of (To):
(vi) Count one’s chickens (To);
(vii) Burn midnight oil (To).

Last Island

Tuesday, April 01, 2008 09:04 PM

[CENTER][CENTER][B]FEDERAL PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION[/B][/CENTER]
[/CENTER]
[CENTER][CENTER][B]COMPETITIVE EXAMINATION FOR RECRUITMENT TO POSTS[/B][/CENTER]
[/CENTER]
[CENTER][CENTER][B]IN BPS – 17 UNDER THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT, 1995.[/B][/CENTER]
[/CENTER]

[CENTER][CENTER][B]ENGLISH (Précis and Composition)[/B][/CENTER]
[/CENTER]

[CENTER][CENTER][B][U]TIME ALLOWED: THREE HOURS MAXIMUM MARKS:100[/U][/B][/CENTER]
[/CENTER]

[B]1. Make a Précis of the following passage and suggest a suitable title:[/B]

When you see a cockroach or a bed-hug your first reaction is one of disgust and that is immediately, followed by a desire to exterminate the offensive creature. Later, in the garden, you see a butterfly or a dragonfly, and you are filled with admiration at its beauty and grace. Man’s feelings towards insects are ambivalent. He realizes that some of them for example, - flies and cockroaches arc threats to health. Mosquitoes and tsetse flies have in the past sapped the vitality of entire tribes or nations. Other insects are destructive and cause enormous losses. Such arc locusts, which can wipe out whole areas of crops in minutes; and termites, whose often insidious ravages, unless checked at an early stage, can end in the destructing of entire rows –of houses. Yet men’s ways of living may undergo radical changes if certain species of insects were to become extinct. Bees, for example, pollinate the flowers of many plants which are food sources. In the past, honey was the only sweetening agent known to man in some remote parts of the world. Ants, although they bite and contaminate man’s food are useful scavengers which consume waste material that would otherwise pollute the environment. Entomologists who have studied insect fossils believe them to have inhabited the earth for nearly 400 million years. Insects live in large numbers almost everywhere in the world, from the hottest deserts and the deepest caves to the peaks of-high mountains and even the snows of the polar caps. Some insect communities are complex in organizations, prompting men to believe that they possess an ordered intelligence. But such organized behaviour is clearly not due to - developed brains. If we have to compare them to humans, bee and ant groups behave like extreme totalitarian societies. Each bee or ant seems to have a determined role to play instinctively and does so without deviation. The word “instinct” is often applied to insect behaviour. But some insect behaviour appears so clear that one tends to think that some sort of intelligenceis at work. For example, the worker bee, upon relating to the hive after having found a new source of nectar, communicates his discovery by a kind of dance which tells other bees the direction and distance away of the nectar.

[B]2. Read the passage and answer the questions that follow it. Use your own English as much as possible -otherwise you will not score high marks:[/B]

A political community may be viewed as a group of people living together under a common regime, with a common set of authorities to make important decisions for the group as a whole. To the extent that the regime is “legitimate” we would further specify that the people have internalized a common set of rules. Given the predominantly achievement-oriented norms which seem to be a necessary concomitant of industrial society, these rules must apply equally to the entire population or Precisely those criteria (e.g. language) which are a basis for blocking individual social mobility, can become the basis for cleavage which threatens the disintegration of the political community. - Among post-tribal multilingual populations where the masses are illiterate, generally unaware of national events, and have low expectations of social and economic mobility, the problems is largely irrelevant even if such populations have a linguistically distinct elite group. In contrast, when the general population of a society is going through the early stages of social mobilization, language group conflicts seem particularly likely to occur; they may develop animosities which take on a life of their own and persist beyond the situation which gave rise to them. The degree to which this happens may be significantly affected by the type of policy which the government adopts during -the transitional period. The likelihood that linguistic division will lead to political conflict is particularly great when the language cleavages are linked with the presence of dominant group which blocks the social mobility of members of a subordinate group, partly, at least, on the basis of language factors. Where a dominant group holds the positions of power at the head of the major bureaucracies in a modern society, and gives preference in recruitment to those who speak the dominant language, any submerged group has the options of assimilations, non-mobility or group-resistance. If an individual is overwhelmed numerically or psychologically by the dominant language, if his group is proportionately too small to maintain a self contained community within the society, assimilation usually occurs. In contrast, if one is part of a numerous or geographically concentrated minority group, assimilation is more difficult and is more likely to seem unreasonable. If the group is numerous and mobilized, political resistance is likely.

a. A political community is identified as a group of people who have three things in common; What are they?
b. Why are the rules important7
c. Give an other word or paraphrase for: i. cleavage; ii, disintegration.
d. In the second paragraph the authors distinguish between two types of society: What are they?
e. What problem is irrelevant to the first type?
f. What is likely to happen to the second?
g. -When will language create political conflict?
h. What is assimilation and when does it occur?
i. When does group resistance occur?
j. Give the opposite of the term “dominant group” used in the text.

[B]3. Using about 250 words, comment on One of the following subjects: 25[/B]
a. Conscience is the basis of justice.
b. The Industrial Society has reached its logical end.
c. Eye for eye and tooth for tooth, has gone on too long in the world.
d. In freedom lies the happiness of the individual.
e. Children have no childhood in Pakistan.
f. To be clever enough to get all that money, one must be stupid enough to want it.

[B]4. A woman is talking to her next-door neighbour about an elderly married couple she knows, and about their personalities. Using only Adjectives, complete the blanks according to the explanations she gives either before or afterwards. Vague words like “good”, etc. will not-be acceptable. Write out the passage in your answer books underlying the words you have filled in: 20[/B]
“Well, yesterday I met old Mrs. Ahmad. Lovely old lady she is, always cheerful and helpful and ever so__ which is more than I can say about that husband of her’s. He is so_____, arguing and shouting and complaining all the time. And I thought my husband was ______ until I saw the way he holds on to his money! Not that she worries or complains. I h ave never known any one so____ But he is really' ,I mean he never thinks about her or what she wants. He’s got no feelings at all, the ______ old devil! They are just so different: If you tell her about your problems, she listens and tries to understand and gives you advice, you now, very_____. And it’s only because of her that children have turned so polite and charming, such ______ young people. He just gave them discipline, told them what they couldn’t do like some _____ school master. Still, Mrs. Ahmad keeps smiling and happy. I don’t think I’d be that _____, married to him!”

[B] 5. Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it means exactly the same as the sentence printed before it: 10[/B]
a. One of the local development authority’s responsibilities is town planning. The local development authority
b. Pop tars are corrupted by the adulation of their fans. It’s the way their _____
c. There was little contact-between these small groups. These small groups
d. I find funny clothes the most irritating about the modem Youth, What ______
e. He sounds as if he spent all his life abroad. He gives
f. Apart from Muhammad Ali, every one else at the meeting was a party member. With
g. He was driving very fast because he didn’t know the road was icy. If______
h. Whenever you are on a bus, you hear someone talking about politics. You can’t go
i. How long is it since they went to Gilgit? When _____
j. Most of the theories use the methods of experimental science without first paying attention to play’s aesthetic quality Most of theories do not take -

Last Island

Tuesday, April 01, 2008 09:05 PM

[CENTER][CENTER][B]FEDERAL PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION[/B][/CENTER]
[/CENTER]
[CENTER][CENTER][B]COMPETITIVE EXAMINATION FOR RECRUITMENT TO POSTS[/B][/CENTER]
[/CENTER]
[CENTER][CENTER][B]IN BPS – 17 UNDER THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT, 1996.[/B][/CENTER]
[/CENTER]

[CENTER][CENTER][B]ENGLISH (Précis and Composition)[/B][/CENTER]
[/CENTER]

[CENTER][CENTER][B][U]TIME ALLOWED: THREE HOURS MAXIMUM MARKS:100[/U][/B][/CENTER]
[/CENTER]

[B] 1. Make a Précis of the following passage about one third of its length and suggest a suitable title. (25)

[/B] Along with the new revelations of science and psychology there have also occurred distortions of what is being discovered. -Most of the scientists and psychologists have accepted Darwin’s theory of evolution and his observations on “survival of the fittest” as a final word. While enunciating his-postulate on the concept of the fittest, Darwin primarily projected physical force as the main criterion, and remained unmindful of the culture of mind, The psychologist, on the other hand, in his exclusive involvement with the psyche, has overlooked the potential of man’s physical-self and the world outside him. No synthesis has been attempted between the two with the obvious result of the one being sacrificed at the altar of the other. This has given birth to a civilisation which is wholly based on economic considerations, transforming man into a mere “economic being” and limiting, his pleasures and sorrows to sensuous cravings. With the force of his craft and guns, this man of the modern world gave birth to two cannibalistic philosophies, the cunning capitalism and the callous communism. They joined hands to block the evolution of man as a cultural entity, denuding him of the feelings of love, sympathy, and humanness. Technologically, man is immensely powerful; culturally, he is the creature ‘of stoneage, as lustful as ever, and equally ignorant of his destiny. The two world wars and the resultant attitudes display harrowing distortion of the purposes of life and power. In this agonizing situation the Scientist is harnessing forces of nature, placing them at the feet of his country’s leaders, to be used against people in other parts of the world. This state of his servility makes the functions of the scientist appear merely to push humanity to a state of perpetual fear, and lead man to the inevitable destruction as a species with his own inventions and achievements. This irrational situation raises many questions. They concern the role of a scientist, the function of religion, the conduct of politician who is directing the course 5f history, and the future role of man as a species. There is an obvious mutilation of the purpose of creation, and the relationship .between Cosmos, Life, and Man is hidden from eyes; they have not been viewed collectively.

[B] 2. Read the following passages and answer the questions given at the end in your own words. (20)[/B]
"In countless other places, companies locating overseas are causing environmental harm. Japan has come in for heavy criticism from environmentalists in Southeast Asia for allegedly locating extremely harmful processes abroad because they no longer can pass environmental muster at home. A Malaysian subsidiary of the Mitsubishi Kasei Corp. was forced by court order to close after years of Protests by local residents that the plant’s dumping of radioactive thorium was to blame for unusually high leukemia rates in the region. Several multinational corporations operating in South Africa, including local subsidiaries of the Bayer Pharmaceuticals concern and a Duracell battery plant, have been implicated by local environ mentalists in toxic catastrophes that they believe have-caused cancer and other severe health problems among workers. Despite the threats, international markets also help diffuse many environmentally helpful products around the world. Trade in pollution control technologies is on the rise, particularly as environmental laws are strengthened in developing countries. International trade also can put pressure on companies to match the environmental immolations of their international competitors, as in the U.S. Car industry’s response to Japan’s advances in fuel efficiency. - Meanwhile, there are indications that, contrary to some people's expectations, being open to foreign investment can help prevent the caution of pollution havens rather than cause them. Research by Nancy Birds all and David Wheeler of the World Bank found that dirty industries developed faster in Latin American economies relatively in hospitable to foreign investment than in open ones. Another World Bank study looked at the rates at which 60 different countries its way to nations open to foreign investment far more rapidly than those closed toll The authors of these studies suggests several possible explanations for such trends. For one, closed economies protect capital __________ Intensive, pollution-intensive industries in situations where low-cost labour otherwise would have been a draw to less polluting industries, Second, companies trying to sell their goods in industrial countries need to please the growing number of “green consumers” there. Finally the equipment used by multinational tends on balance to be newer and cleaner than that employed by national industries.
.
(a) Why is Japan under heavy criticism?
(b) What did the court decree in Malaysia? and why?
(c) How does a certain industry cause cancer to the local resident?
(d) What could be the role of international markets in controlling pollution?
(e) What is a “pollution-haven”?
(f) What does the research by Nancy Birds all and David Wheeler say?
(g) What does “the other study” by World Bank reveal?
(h) Who is a “green consumer"?
(i) How do you explain capital-intensive” and “pollution-intensive”?
(j) How can we save the local residents from the pollution hazards?
[B]
3. Write a comprehensive note of approximately 250 words on ONE of the following subjects: (25)[/B]
(a) Religion is the greatest benefactor of human race;
(b) The devotional believers coin baseless stories about their gurus;
(c) And when I love thee not chaos 13 come again;
(d) Every system of government emerges from its economic system;
(e) Cleanliness is next to Godliness.

[B]4. - Correct the following sentences: (10)[/B]
(a) When public transport is better developed, there will no longer be so many cars driving people to work.
(b) The subject of my paper-is about-air pollution;
(c) The princess's father was-a good man and who was kind;
(d) A morality play is where the characters represents virtue and vices;
(e) A-square is when all four sides are the same length;
(f) Evil and suffering has always troubled man;
(g) Why does such disturbing things exist?’
(h) Neither her cousins nor her aunt were at home;
(i) Neither Tariq nor Khalid are worthy of her;
(j) The first fleet of cars were made of copper;
(k) To be honest lies must never be told

[B]5. Explain FIVE of the following idioms by using them into sentences: (10)[/B][LIST=1][*] Bear out[*] Back out[*] Carry over[*] Come off[*] Fall back,[*] Figure out;[*] Live with[*] Set in;[*] Cover up;[*] Iron out.[/LIST] [B]6. Use FIVE of the following pairs of words or phrases into- sentences so, that the difference in the meaning of each pair is made clear:- (10)[/B]
(1) Altogether, all together
(ii) Ambiguous, ambivalent;
(iii) Apprise, appraise;
(iv) Bad, badly;
(v) Compare, contrast;
(vi) Deduce, imply;
(vii) Differ from; differ with;
(viii)) Farther, further.

Last Island

Tuesday, May 26, 2009 01:17 AM

[CENTER][CENTER][B]FEDERAL PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION[/B][/CENTER]
[/CENTER]
[CENTER][CENTER][B]COMPETITIVE EXAMINATION FOR RECRUITMENT TO POSTS[/B][/CENTER]
[/CENTER]
[CENTER][CENTER][B]IN BPS – 17 UNDER THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT, 1997.[/B][/CENTER]
[/CENTER]

[CENTER][CENTER][B]ENGLISH (Précis and Composition)[/B][/CENTER]
[/CENTER]

[CENTER][CENTER][B][U]TIME ALLOWED: THREE HOURS MAXIMUM MARKS:100[/U][/B][/CENTER]
[/CENTER]

[B]1. Write a Précis of the following passage and suggest a suitable title: 25 [/B]
[COLOR=black]
Exploration in the Arctic Circle still offers countless opportunities for fresh discoveries, but it is an adventure which is not to be undertaken lightly. As an occupation it is more lonely and remote than anything else in the world and at any moment the traveller must be prepared to encounter hazard and difficulty which call for all his skill and enterprise. Nevertheless such exploration will be carried as long as there are investigated areas to attract the daring and as long as the quest for knowledge inspires mankind.[/COLOR]

[COLOR=black]Investigations have shown that the Arctic zone is rich in mineral deposits, but even if these deposits were themselves of little value, the economic importance of the Arctic would not be appreciably lessened. For it is generally agreed that «weather is made in the North», and as the success or failure of the harvests all over the world is largely determined by the weather, it follows that agriculture and all those industrial and commercial activities dependent upon it must be considerably affected by the accuracy of the daily weather reports. Modern meteorologists regard the conditions prevailing in the Arctic as of first-rate importance in helping them to arrive at accurate results in their forecasts.[/COLOR]

[COLOR=black]Yet quite apart from any economic or other practical considerations, there is a strange fascination about this vast unconquered region of stern northern beauty. Those who have once entered the vast polar regions like to speak of their inexpressible beauty, the charm of the yellow sun and dazzling ice packs, the everlasting snows and unmapped land where one never knows what lies ahead; it may be a gigantic glacier, which reflects a beam of sunlight over its frozen expanse or some wonderful fantastically shaped cliff which makes an unfading impression on the memory. It may even be an iceberg stately and terrifying, moving on its relentless way, for the Arctic; is the birthplace of the great icebergs which threaten navigation.[/COLOR]

[B]2. Read the following passage carefully and answer any four questions given at the end as briefly as possible. 10[/B]

[FONT=Verdana]Do we realize the extent to which the modern world relies for its opinions on public utterances and the Press? Do we realize how completely we are all in the power of report? Any little lie or exaggerated sentiment uttered by one with a bee in his bonnet, with a principle, or an end to serve, can, if cleverly expressed and distributed, distort the views of thousands, sometimes of millions. Any willful suppression of truth for Party or personal ends can so falsify our vision of things as to plunge us into endless cruelties and follies. Honesty of thought and speech and written word is a jewel, and they who curb prejudice and seek honourably to know and speak the truth are the only true builders of a better life. But what a dull world if we can't chatter and write irresponsibly, can't slop over with hatred, or pursue our own ends without scruple! To be tied to the apron-strings of truth, or coiffed with the nightcap of silence; who in this age of cheap ink and oratory will submit to such a fate?[/FONT]

Report, I would almost say, now rules the world and holds the fate of man on the sayings of its many tongues. If the good sense of mankind cannot somehow restrain utterance and cleanse report, Democracy, so highly vaunted, will not save us; and all the glib words of promise spoken might as well have lain unuttered in the throats of orators. We are always in peril under Democracy of taking the line of least resistance and immediate material profit. The gentleman, for instance, whoever he was, who first discovered that he could sell his papers better by undercutting the standard of his rivals, and, appealing to the lower tastes of the Public under the flag of that convenient expression "what the Public wants," made a most evil discovery. The Press is for the most part in the hands of men who know what is good and right. It can be a great agency for levelling up. But whether on the whole it is so or not, one continually hears doubted. There ought to be no room for doubt in any of our minds that the Press is on the side of the angels.

a) Suggest an appropriate title for the passage.
b) Chose FIVE of the following words, and give for each another word, or phrase, of similar meaning which might be used to replace the word in the passage:[LIST][*]Sentiment[*]Distort[*]Willful[*]Curb[*]Vaunted[*]Glib[*]Material[*]Agency[/LIST]c) Explain what is meant by any THREE of the following phrases as used in the passage:[LIST=1][*]With a principle of an end to serve.[*]This age of cheap ink and oratory.[*]Undercutting the standard[*]On the side of the angels.[/LIST][B]
3. Write a comprehensive note of approximately 250 words on ONE of the following subjects: (25)[/B]

(a) The Problem of Noise in the modern world.
(b) The motorway age
(c) "A contented mind is a blessing kind."
(d) A competitive society brings out the best in every individual
(e) The Supernatural man (or woman)

[B]4. - Correct the following sentences: (10)

[/B] (a) The idea of me flying is too silly to even contemplate.
(b) He reads better than any boy in the class.
(c) Every citizen should use their role.
(d) I do not remember him giving me a present.
(e) Whom would you say is likely to win the fight?
(f) Neither him nor his friend were hurt.
(g) Passing by the damage house, a brick fell on my shoulder.
(h) My cousin always has and always will be interested in the threatre.
(i) The vast extent of the steppes of Central Asia is enormous.
(j) Nobody didn't ought to lose their way so easy in a small town.

[B]5. Rearrange the following in pairs of synonyms. (10)[/B]

garrulous, selfish, near, talkative, obstruct, egoistic, wealthy, impede, affluent, filch, imminent, assess, tempting, ponder, augment, enticing, meditate, increase, estimate, steal.

[B]6. Explain FIVE of the following Idioms by using them into sentences. (10)[/B][LIST=1][*]To beat the air[*]To beggar description[*]To bring to mind,[*]To call in question[*]To cap it all[*]To clip one's wings[*]To cross the Rubicon[*]To feel the pulse[*]To fly in the face of[*]To rise like a phoenix from its ashes[/LIST]

Last Island

Tuesday, May 26, 2009 04:31 AM

[CENTER][CENTER][FONT=Verdana][B]FEDERAL PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION[/B][/FONT][/CENTER]
[/CENTER]
[CENTER][CENTER][FONT=Verdana][B]COMPETITIVE EXAMINATION FOR RECRUITMENT TO POSTS[/B][/FONT][/CENTER]
[/CENTER]
[CENTER][CENTER][FONT=Verdana][B]IN BPS – 17 UNDER THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT, 1998.[/B][/FONT][/CENTER]
[/CENTER]
[FONT=Verdana]
[/FONT] [CENTER][CENTER][FONT=Verdana][B]ENGLISH (Précis and Composition)[/B][/FONT][/CENTER]
[/CENTER]
[FONT=Verdana]
[/FONT] [CENTER][CENTER][FONT=Verdana][B][U]TIME ALLOWED: THREE HOURS MAXIMUM MARKS:100[/U][/B][/FONT][/CENTER]
[/CENTER]
[FONT=Verdana]
[B] 1. Make a Précis of the following passage about one third of its length and suggest a suitable title. (25)[/B][/FONT] [LEFT][FONT=Verdana][SIZE=2]
[/SIZE]
[/FONT] [FONT=Verdana][SIZE=2]Lying is indeed an accursed vice. We are men, and we have relations with one another only by speech. If we recognized the horror and gravity of an untruth, we should more justifiably punish it with fire than any other crime. I commonly find people taking the most ill-advised pains to correct their children for their harmless faults, and worrying them about heedless acts which leave no trace and have no consequences. Lying - and in a lesser degree obstinacy - are, in my opinion, the only faults whose birth and progress we should consistently oppose. They grow with a child's growth, and once the tongue has got the knack of lying, it is difficult to imagine how impossible it is to correct it. Whence it happens that we find some otherwise excellent men subject to this fault and enslaved by it. I have a decent lad as my tailor, whom I have never heard to utter a single truth, even when it would have been to his advantage.[/SIZE]
[/FONT] [FONT=Verdana][SIZE=2]
[/SIZE][/FONT][/LEFT]
[LEFT][FONT=Verdana][SIZE=2]If, like the truth, falsehood had only one face, we should know better where we are, for we should then take the opposite of what a liar said to be the truth. But the opposite of a truth has a hundred thousand shapes and a limitless field.[/SIZE]
[/FONT] [FONT=Verdana][SIZE=2]
[/SIZE][/FONT][/LEFT]
[LEFT][FONT=Verdana][SIZE=2]The Pythagoreans regard good as certain and finite, and evil as boundless and uncertain. There are a thousand ways of missing the bull's eye, only one of hitting it. I am by no means sure that I could induce myself to tell a brazen and deliberate lie even to protect myself from the most obvious and extreme danger. St Augustine said that we are better off in the company of a dog we know than in that of a man whose language we do not understand. Therefore,those of different nations do not regard one another as men and how much less friendly is false speech than silence.[/SIZE]

[B] 2. Read the following passages and answer the questions given at the end in your own words. (20)[/B]

[/FONT] [/LEFT]
[FONT=Verdana][COLOR=black]Accumulated property treads the powers of thought in the dust, extinguishes the sparks of genius, and reduces the great mass of mankind to be immersed in sordid cares ; beside depriving the rich, as we have already said, of the most salubrious and effectual motives to activity. If superfluity were banished, the necessity for the greater part of the manual industry of mankind would be superseded ; and the rest, being amicably shared among all the active and vigorous members of the community, would be burdensome to none. Every man would have a frugal, yet wholesome diet ; every man would go forth to that moderate exercise of his corporal functions that would give hilarity to the spirits ; none would be made torpid with fatigue, but all would have leisure to cultivate the kindly and philanthropical affections of the soul, and to let loose his faculties in the search of intellectual improvement. What a contrast does this scene present us with the present state of human society, where the peasant and the labourer work till their understandings are benumbed with toil, their sinews contracted and made callous by being for ever on the stretch, and their bodies invaded with infirmities and surrendered to an untimely grave ? What is the fruit of this disproportioned and unceasing toil ? At evening they return to a family, famished with hunger, exposed half naked to the inclemencies of the sky, hardly sheltered, and denied the slenderest instruction, unless in a few instances, where it is dispensed by the hands of ostentatious charity, and the first lesson communicated is unprincipled servility. All this while their rich neighbour …….. [/COLOR][/FONT][FONT=Verdana]

[/FONT] [FONT=Verdana][COLOR=black]How rapid and sublime would be the advances of intellect, if all men were admitted into the field of knowledge! At present ninety-nine persons in an hundred are no more excited to any regular exertions of general and curious thought, than the brutes themselves. What would be the state of public mind in a nation, where all were wise, all had laid aside the shackles of prejudice and implicit faith, all adopted with fearless confidence the suggestions of truth, and the lethargy of the soul was dismissed for ever ? It is to be presumed that the inequality of mind would in a certain degree be permanent; but it is reasonable to believe that the geniuses of such an age would far surpass the grandest exertions of intellect that are at present known. Genius would not be depressed with false wants and niggardly patronage.

[/COLOR][/FONT][FONT=Verdana] (a) Suggest an appropriate title for the passage.

(b) What does the writer mean by the following expressions?[/FONT][LIST][*][FONT=Verdana]hilarity of spirit,[/FONT][*][FONT=Verdana]corporal functions,[/FONT][*][FONT=Verdana]torpid with fatigue,[/FONT][*][FONT=Verdana]let loose faculties[/FONT][/LIST][FONT=Verdana](c) What according to the writer is the cause of the poor man's short life?

(d) Does the writer favour charity for the poor? Support your answer with the writer's argument.

(e) How does the writer compare the present day man with brutes?

(f) The writer does not state why there will always be an inequality of mind among men. suggest a reason from your own knowledge of human psychology.

(g) In the passage the writer leaves his statement about the rich neighbour incomplete. Draw briefly the contrast the writer had in mind.

(h) What according to the writer would promote intellectual improvement?

(i) Give another word with similar meaning for : callous, sinews, inclemencies, ostentatious, benumbed, salubrious.

[B] 3. Write a comprehensive note of approximately 250 words on ONE of the following subjects: (25)

[/B][/FONT] [FONT=Verdana](a) The two main reasons for reading imaginative literature are pleasure and insight.
(b) Some are born great, some achieve greatness, and some have greatness thrust upon them.
(c) Democracy if it is stupid and unjust, is as evil as, stupid and cruel tyranny. (Socrates)
(d) The so-called custodians of human rights are guilty of violating the rights of the backward nations.

[B]4. Correct the following sentences.

[/B] (a) This is all the father you can go.
(b) He seemed to be an industrious person but this was only an allusion.
(c) His avocation is dentistry.
(d) The antiquarian bade one million dollars fo the old painting.
(e) The ferry collided against the tug-boat.
(f) Poetry is more sensual than prose.
(g) Both Naeem and Shahid is tired, they should go back.
(h) He was seeking political asylm but was not permitted to emigrate to USA.
(i) I wouldn't be in your boots for the all the wealth in the world.
(j) Are you trying to infer taht i would be something dishonest?

[B]5. Complete the conversation by choosing the correct idioms. (10)[/B]

The tricks of the trade; the blessing in disguise; his own man; the gift of the gab; a pillar of society; another cup of tea; a mug's game; a piece of cake; a feather in his cap; the rank and file.

Have you heard about Adam? He says that losing his job was probably ____________ because he was tired of being just one of a thousand wage-earners at the firm, just one of ____________. He thinks working for someone else is really ____________when you can work for yourself. So she is going to open up his own computer shop.

"Really! well it will be a ____________if he makes a success of it."

"He is taking Jan into partnership with him."

"Jan, eh? Now he's ____________I dont like him at all."

"Well he may not be what one could call ____________but he is the right sort of man to get a business going. He's a good talker."

"Oh yes Jan has certainly got ____________and it won't take him long to learn ____________ .

"I told Adam that having his own business certainly won't be ____________."

"Its's hard work Bu he is determined to be ____________ at last, so I wish him goodluck."

[B]6. Use five of the following pairs of words so as to bring out the difference in their meanings: 10[/B][/FONT][LIST=1][*][FONT=Verdana]occlude, occult[/FONT][*][FONT=Verdana]practical, practicable[/FONT][*][FONT=Verdana]raze , raise[/FONT][*][FONT=Verdana]cannon, canon[/FONT][*][FONT=Verdana]avenge, revenge[/FONT][*][FONT=Verdana]caret, carat[/FONT][*][FONT=Verdana]revel, reveal[/FONT][*][FONT=Verdana]aviary, apiary[/FONT][*][FONT=Verdana]demeane, demean[/FONT][/LIST][FONT=Verdana][B]
7. Explain FIVE of the following idioms by using them into sentences: (10)
[/B][/FONT][LIST][*][FONT=Verdana]The last ditch[/FONT][*][FONT=Verdana]A square meal[/FONT][*][FONT=Verdana]Go public[/FONT][*][FONT=Verdana]Run riot[/FONT][*][FONT=Verdana]The backroom boys[/FONT][*][FONT=Verdana]Foot the bill[/FONT][*][FONT=Verdana]Set the pace[/FONT][*][FONT=Verdana]At times[/FONT][*][FONT=Verdana]Steal the show[/FONT][*][FONT=Verdana]Grey matter[/FONT][/LIST]

Last Island

Tuesday, May 26, 2009 05:25 AM

[CENTER][CENTER][FONT=Verdana][B]FEDERAL PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION[/B][/FONT][/CENTER]
[/CENTER]
[CENTER][CENTER][FONT=Verdana][B]COMPETITIVE EXAMINATION FOR RECRUITMENT TO POSTS[/B][/FONT][/CENTER]
[/CENTER]
[CENTER][CENTER][FONT=Verdana][B]IN BPS – 17 UNDER THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT, 1999.[/B][/FONT][/CENTER]
[/CENTER]
[FONT=Verdana]
[/FONT] [CENTER][CENTER][FONT=Verdana][B]ENGLISH (Précis and Composition)[/B][/FONT][/CENTER]
[/CENTER]
[FONT=Verdana]
[/FONT] [CENTER][CENTER][FONT=Verdana][B][U]TIME ALLOWED: THREE HOURS MAXIMUM MARKS:100[/U][/B][/FONT][/CENTER]
[/CENTER]
[FONT=Verdana]
[B] 1. Make a Précis of the following passage about one third of its length and suggest a suitable title. (25)[/B][/FONT] [FONT=Verdana][SIZE=2]

[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Verdana][COLOR=black][FONT=Verdana]To have faith in the dignity and worth of the individual man as an end in himself, to believe that it is better to be governed by persuasion than by coercion, to believe that fraternal goodwill is more worthy than a selfish and contentions spirit, to believe that in the long run all values are inseparable from the love of truth and the disinterested search for it, to believe that knowledge and the power it confers should be used to promote the welfare and happiness of all men, rather than to serve the interests of those individual and classes whom fortune and intelligence endow with temporary advantage – these are the values which are affirmed by the traditional democratic ideology. The case of democracy is that it accepts the rational and humane values as ends and proposes as the means of realizing them the minimum of coercion and the maximum of voluntary assent. We may well abandon the cosmological temple in which the democratic ideology originally enshrined these values, without renouncing the faith it was designed to celebrate. The essence of that faith is belief in the capacity of man, as a rational and humane creature to achieve the good life by rational and humane means. The Chief virtue of democracy and the sole reason for cherishing it is that with all its faults it still provides the most favourable conditions for achieving that end by those means.[/FONT][/COLOR]
[/FONT] [FONT=Verdana]
[/FONT][FONT=Verdana] [B] 2. Read the following passages and answer the questions given at the end in your own words. (20)

[/B][/FONT] [FONT=Verdana][COLOR=black][FONT=Verdana]These phenomena, however, are merely premonitions of a coming storm which is likely to sweep[/FONT][/COLOR][COLOR=black][FONT=Verdana] over the whole of India and the rest of Asia. This is the inevitable outcome of a wholly political civilization[/FONT][/COLOR][COLOR=black][FONT=Verdana] which has looked upon man as a thing to be exploited and not as a personality to be developed and enlarged [/FONT][/COLOR][COLOR=black][FONT=Verdana]by purely cultural forces. The people of Asia are bound to rise against the acquisitive economy which the [/FONT][/COLOR][COLOR=black][FONT=Verdana]West have developed and imposed on the nations of the East. Asia cannot comprehend modern Western [/FONT][/COLOR][COLOR=black][FONT=Verdana]capitalism with its undisciplined individualism.The faith which you represent recognizes the worth of the [/FONT][/COLOR][COLOR=black][FONT=Verdana]individual, and disciplines hirn to give away all to the service of God and man. Its possibilities are not yet[/FONT][/COLOR][COLOR=black][FONT=Verdana] exhausted. It can still create a new world where the social rank of man is not determined by his caste or [/FONT][/COLOR][COLOR=black][FONT=Verdana]colour or the amount of dividend he earns, but by the kind of life he lives, where the poor tax the rich, where [/FONT][/COLOR][COLOR=black][FONT=Verdana]human society is founded not on the equality of stomachs but on the equality of spirits, where an [/FONT][/COLOR][COLOR=black][FONT=Verdana]untouchable can marry the daughter of the king, where private ownership is a trust and where capital cannot[/FONT][/COLOR][COLOR=black][FONT=Verdana] be allowed to accumulate so as to dominate the real producer of wealth. This superb idealism of your faith,[/FONT][/COLOR][COLOR=black][FONT=Verdana]however, needs emancipation from the medieval fancies of theologians and logists? Spiritually, we are [/FONT][/COLOR][COLOR=black][FONT=Verdana]living in a prison house of thoughts and emotions which during the course of centuries we have woven [/FONT][/COLOR][COLOR=black][FONT=Verdana]round ourselves. And be it further said to the shame of us - men of older generation - that we have failed to[/FONT][/COLOR][COLOR=black][FONT=Verdana] equip the younger generation for the economic, political and even religious crisis that the present age is[/FONT][/COLOR][COLOR=black][FONT=Verdana] likely to bring. The while community needs a complete overhauling of its present mentality in order that it[/FONT][/COLOR][COLOR=black][FONT=Verdana] may again become capable of feeling the urge of fresh desires and ¡deals. The Indian Muslim has long[/FONT][/COLOR][COLOR=black][FONT=Verdana] ceased to explore the depths of his own inner life. The result is that he has ceased to live in the full glow[/FONT][/COLOR][COLOR=black][FONT=Verdana] and colour of life, and is consequently in danger of an unmanly compromise with forces which he is made[/FONT][/COLOR][COLOR=black][FONT=Verdana] to think he cannot vanquish in open conflict. He who desires to change an unfavourable environment must[/FONT][/COLOR][COLOR=black][FONT=Verdana] undergo a complete transformation of his inner being. God changes not the condition of a people until they [/FONT][/COLOR][COLOR=black][FONT=Verdana]themselves take the initiative to change their condition by constantly illuminating the zone of their daily[/FONT][/COLOR][COLOR=black][FONT=Verdana] activity in the light of a definite ideal. Nothing can be achieved without a firm faith in the independence of[/FONT][/COLOR][COLOR=black][FONT=Verdana]one's own inner life. This faith alone keeps a people's eye fixed on their goal and save them from [/FONT][/COLOR][COLOR=black][FONT=Verdana]perpetual vacillation. The lesson that past experiences has brought to you must be taken to [/FONT][/COLOR][COLOR=black][FONT=Verdana]heart. Expect[/FONT][/COLOR][COLOR=black][FONT=Verdana] nothing from any side. Concentrate your whole ego on yourself alone and ripen your clay into rea[/FONT][/COLOR][COLOR=black][FONT=Verdana]l manhood [/FONT][/COLOR][COLOR=black][FONT=Verdana]if you wish to see your aspiration realized.[/FONT][/COLOR]

[/FONT][FONT=Verdana]1. What is the chief characteristic of the modern political civilization?

[/FONT][FONT=Verdana]2. What are possibilities of our Faith which can be of advantage to the world?

[/FONT][FONT=Verdana]3. What is the chief danger confronting the superb idealism of our Faith?

[/FONT][FONT=Verdana]4. Why is the Indian Muslim in danger of coming to an unmanly compromise with the forces opposing him?

[/FONT][FONT=Verdana]5. What is necessary for any achievement?

[/FONT][FONT=Verdana]6. Explain the following expressions as used in the passage.

[/FONT][FONT=Verdana](a) acquisitive economy
(b) undisciplined individualism
(c) superb idealism
(d) unmanly compromise
(e) perpetual vacillation

7. [/FONT][FONT=Verdana]Suggest an appropriate title for the passage.

[/FONT][FONT=Verdana] [B] 3. Write a comprehensive note of approximately 250 words on ONE of the following subjects: (25)[/B][/FONT][FONT=Verdana]

[/FONT] [FONT=Verdana](a) The Hand that Rocks the cradle Rules the World.
(b) Charm strikes the sight but Merit wins the soul.
(c) Lord, What Fools these Mortals be!
(d) Is Democracy possible in the Third World?[/FONT]

[FONT=Verdana][B]4. Re-write the following passage after correcting its grammatical errors.[/B][/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana]
[/FONT][FONT=Verdana][COLOR=black][FONT=Verdana]The world is poised on a dangerous and instable balance of terror, unlike the wars of the past, future war threatened to do away the human race. Future of mankind depends on peace. Without it, countless millions would be wiped of the face of earth. This fear had manifested itself in a persistent demand of disarmament – total and universal. It is, indeed, a sad reflection on human nature that while he sings praise about the virtue of peace, they continued march on a suicidal course of war. In spite of forty years of negotiation the giants did not even scraped the tips of the icebergs.[/FONT][/COLOR][/FONT]

[FONT=Verdana]
[B]5. Fill in the blanks of the passage given below.
[/B]
[/FONT] [FONT=Verdana][COLOR=black][FONT=Verdana]An ideal college should subscribe to an ideal scheme of education for the one is inseparable from the other. The chief ___________ of education, it is said, is the total end ___________ development of the individual. Any ___________ system of education must provide the student firstly, with the ___________ for logical and objective thinking. Without ___________ skill it’s difficult to conceive of any one’s ___________ and continually expanding the knowledge which is ___________ indispensable to an educated man ___________ education which is in practice bookish and ___________ from life is lopsided and serves no ___________ purpose. Secondly, it must contribute to the ___________ of morality, or right conduct or good ___________, in its widest sense. No academy ___________ its name can afford or be ___________ to this aspect, for its importance for ___________ the syllabic domain. It must help ___________ student to discover a meaningful act of ___________ and a personal philosophy of life ___________ it must pay adequate attention to ___________ health and work on the premise that a healthy mind is ___________ without a healthy body.[/FONT][/COLOR][/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana]
[/FONT]
[FONT=Verdana][B]6. Make sentences of any FIVE of the following idioms. (15)[/B]
[/FONT]
(a) A jaundiced eye
(b) A left-handed compliment
(c) The ruling passion
(d) Tower of strength
(e) Steal a march on someone
(f) In one's bones
(g) Hang in the balance
(h) Fly in the ointment
(i) Close-fisted

[FONT=Verdana]
[/FONT]

jamalnasir

Sunday, December 13, 2015 06:01 PM

O my God, all these available here, why I couldn't find before and wasted money to get in hard copy?

Springs Bahria Town Lhr

Saturday, October 01, 2016 06:06 PM

Literature

Could you help me understand what literature is. I have got come concepts that seem to me so real and odd at the same time.

Zia Chaudhary

Tuesday, April 25, 2017 09:28 PM

Hello there. When I download the third zip file of English precis and composition, It do not open. I have reinstalled my winRAR software but all in vain. Kindly solve this issue.
Thanking you in anticipation.

alinariazsheikh

Sunday, July 01, 2018 01:57 AM

third zip file

i can email you the file i downloaded of you still need it.

NabeelG

Sunday, August 12, 2018 11:43 AM

Its not done

Qurat ul Ain Farooqi

Monday, March 25, 2019 11:24 PM

FROM where we can get all previous papers in pfd?

hmkashif

Tuesday, March 26, 2019 08:17 PM

[QUOTE=Qurat ul Ain Farooqi;1088448]FROM where we can get all previous papers in pfd?[/QUOTE]

Please try Jahangir World Time's Website ( [url]http://jworldtimes.com/jwt2015/[/url]) or visit CSS Point on Facebook that'll lead you to their website from where you can download recommended books by the FPSC in PDF along with past papers. Thank me later. :clap

02:21 AM (GMT +5)