Psychology Including Experimental Psychology 2004
 

[CENTER][CENTER][B][SIZE=3][FONT=Times New Roman]FEDERAL PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION<o:p></o:p>[/FONT][/SIZE][/B]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]COMPETITIVE EXAMINATION FOR RECRUITMENT TO POSTS IN B.P.S. – 17 UNDER THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT, 2004[/SIZE][/FONT]
[B][U][SIZE=3][FONT=Times New Roman]Psychology, Paper-1<o:p></o:p>[/FONT][/SIZE][/U][/B][/CENTER]
[/CENTER]
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[CENTER][CENTER][B][U][SIZE=3][FONT=Times New Roman]Time Allowed: 3 Hours Max. Marks: 100<o:p></o:p>[/FONT][/SIZE][/U][/B][/CENTER]
[/CENTER]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]Note: Attempt [B][U]Five[/U][/B] questions in all, including question No. 8 which is compulsory. All questions carry equal marks.[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]1.[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Describe the aims and methods of Structuralism and Functionalism.

[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]2.[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Name and define the three major subdivisions of Brain and describe their functions.

[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]3.[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Compare and contrast the principles of Operant and Classical conditioning and describe the impact of classical conditioning on everyday life.

[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]4.[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]How attitudes are formed? Discuss the role of learning and direct experience in formation of attitudes.

[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]5.[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Critically evaluate the theories of emotions.

[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]6.[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Define Personality. Discuss in detail different type of personality tests.

[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]7.[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Define perceptual constancy. Explain the influences that allow us to perceive constant size, shape and brightness.

[/SIZE][/FONT] [CENTER][CENTER][B][U][SIZE=3][FONT=Times New Roman]COMPULSORY QUESTIONS<o:p></o:p>[/FONT][/SIZE][/U][/B]
[B][U]<o:p></o:p>[/U][/B][/CENTER]
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[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]8.[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Write only the correct answer in your Answer Book. Don’t reproduce the questions.

[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]1)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]The peripheral nervous system is made up of:[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]a)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Axons and dendrites[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]b)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]The brain and the spinal cord[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]c)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]The autonomic and somatic nervous systems[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]d)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]The sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]e)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]None of these

[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]2)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]The adrenal hormones which also appear to function as neurotransmitters in the brain are:[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]a)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Dopamine and serotonin[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]b)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Progesterone and testosterone[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]c)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Epinephrine and nor epinephrine[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]d)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Insulin and toblerone[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]e)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]None of these

[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]3)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]The detection of physical energy emitted or reflected by physical objects: it occurs when energy in the external environment or the body stimulates receptors in the sense organs:[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]a)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Cognition[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]b)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Sensation[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]c)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Perception[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]d)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Adaptation[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]e)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]None of these

[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]4)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Which of the following is a dimension of visual experience?[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]a)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Loudness[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]b)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Pitch[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]c)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Timbre[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]d)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Brightness[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]e)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]None of these

[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]5)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]All human senses evolved for the same purpose to:[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]a)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Increase our ability to enjoy the environment[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]b)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Make up more aware our feelings and internal state[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]c)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Provide information that could improve our ability to communicate[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]d)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Help us survive[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]e)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]None of these

[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]6)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]The fovea and blind spot are both features of the:[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]a)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Cornea [/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]b)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Lens [/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]c)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Retina[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]d)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Pupil[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]e)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]None of these

[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]7)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Which of the following is the best example of a primary reinforcing?[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]a)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Food[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]b)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Money[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]c)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Pay check[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]d)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]New clothes [/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]e)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]None of these

[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]8)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Which of the following could be attributed to Tolman’s research?[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]a)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Discovery of the law of effect[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]b)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]The concept of cognitive map[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]c)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]The negative effect of punishment[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]d)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]The role of classical conditioning in the formation of phobic disorders[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]e)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]None of these

[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]9)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Which of the following factors influence the impact of interference on learning?[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]a)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]The nature of the material being learned[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]b)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]The organization and meaningfulness of the information learned[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]c)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]The type of activity that flows studying[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]d)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]All of the above[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]e)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]None of these

[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]10)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Which of the following psychologists developed the need/drive theory of emotion?[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]a)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Clark Hull[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]b)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Abraham Maslow[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]c)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Robert Plutchik[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]d)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Water Cannon[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]e)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]None of these

[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]11)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Which of the following orders of Maslow’s hierarchy of need is correct?[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]a)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Safety, physiological, belongingness, self-actualization, esteem[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]b)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Belongingness, esteem, safety, physiological, self-actualization[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]c)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Physiological, belongingness, safety, esteem, self-actualization[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]d)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Physiological, safety, belongingness, esteem, self-actualization[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]e)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]None of these

[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]12)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Central traits:[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]a)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Were suggested by a behaviorist to explain behavior[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]b)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Organize and control behavior across many situations[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]c)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Are more situations specific than they are secondary traits[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]d)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Are seen in growth-oriented individuals[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]e)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]None of these

[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]13)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Norms are influenced by:[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]a)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]The surrounding culture[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]b)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]The surrounding sub-culture[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]c)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]The context of the situation [/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]d)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]All of the above [/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]e)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]None of these

[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]14)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Discrepancies between attitudes lead to:[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]a)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Prejudice[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]b)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Cognitive dissonance[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]c)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]The fundamental attribution error[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]d)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Relative deprivation[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]e)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]None of these

[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]15)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Many of the neo Freudians have modified Freud’s original theory of personality to give more emphasis to:[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]a)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Childhood sexuality[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]b)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Social and cultural factors[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]c)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Differences between the sexes[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]d)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Unconscious forces[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]e)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]None of these

[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]16)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Motivation is defined as inferred process within a person that causes organism to move toward:[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]a)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]A goal[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]b)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]All other organisms[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]c)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]A homeostatic state[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]d)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Higher kevels in the hierarchy of needs[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]e)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]None of these

[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]17)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]In which motivational conflicts are must chosen by “the lesser of two evils”[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]a)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Approach-Approach[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]b)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Approach-Avoidance[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]c)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Avoidance-Avoidance[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]d)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Multiple approach-avoidance[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]e)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]None of these

[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]18)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Which of the following identified universal symbolic images that appear in myths, art, dreams, and other expressions of the collective unconscious?[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]a)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Freud[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]b)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Adler[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]c)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Jung[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]d)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Horney[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]e)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]All of these

[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]19)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Raymond B Cattel advanced the study of personality traits by using a statistical method called:[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]a)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Locus of control[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]b)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Identification[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]c)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Factor analysis[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]d)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Phrenology[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]e)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]None of these

[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]20)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Perfection is a problem that is most associated with the:[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]a)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Id[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]b)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Ego[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]c)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Superego[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]d)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Ego and superego[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]e)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]None of these[/SIZE][/FONT]
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Psychology Including Experimental Psychology 2004 paper II
 

[CENTER][CENTER][B][SIZE=3][FONT=Times New Roman]FEDERAL PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION<o:p></o:p>[/FONT][/SIZE][/B]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]COMPETITIVE EXAMINATION FOR RECRUITMENT TO POSTS IN B.P.S. – 17 UNDER THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT, 2004[/SIZE][/FONT]
[B][U][SIZE=3][FONT=Times New Roman]Psychology, Paper-11<o:p></o:p>[/FONT][/SIZE][/U][/B][/CENTER]
[/CENTER]
<o:p></o:p>
[CENTER][CENTER][B][U][SIZE=3][FONT=Times New Roman]Time Allowed: 3 Hours Max. Marks: 100<o:p></o:p>[/FONT][/SIZE][/U][/B][/CENTER]
[/CENTER]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]Note: Attempt [B][U]Five[/U][/B] questions in all, including question No. 8 which is compulsory. All questions carry equal marks.

[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]1.[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Differentiate between growth and development. Describe the influence of nature on development.

[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]2.[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Discuss the ways in which abnormal behavior has been defined.

[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]3.[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Define Behavior theory. Describe its basic features and assumptions on which it is based.

[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]4.[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]What do you understand by Intelligence? How can be intelligence assessed?

[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]5.[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]List the components that interact to influence drug addiction in <st1:country-region><st1:place>Pakistan</st1:place></st1:country-region>. Suggest practical remedies.

[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]6.[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Describe the principles and stages of Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development.

[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]7.[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Discuss biological and psychosocial theories that attempt to explain schizophrenia. State the major criticism for each theory.[/SIZE][/FONT]
<o:p></o:p>
[CENTER][CENTER][B][U][SIZE=3][FONT=Times New Roman]COMPULSORY QUESTIONS<o:p></o:p>[/FONT][/SIZE][/U][/B]
[B][U]<o:p></o:p>[/U][/B][/CENTER]
[/CENTER]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]8.[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Write only the correct answer in your Answer Book. Don’t reproduce the questions.

[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]1)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Which of the following represent correct sequence?[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]a)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Zygote, fetus, embryo, neonate, infant[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]b)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Zygote, embryo, neonate, fetus, infant[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]c)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Embryo, zygote, fetus, neonate, infant[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]d)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Zygote, embryo, fetus, neonate, infant

[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]2)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Maturation refers to development that occurs as a result of:[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]a)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Genetically determined signals[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]b)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Instinctive process[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]c)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Homeostatic imbalances[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]d)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]An interaction between biology and environment[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]e)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]None of these

[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]3)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Which of the following is not one of the aspects of development studied by psychologists?[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]a)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Universal aspects of development[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]b)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Individual differences in development[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]c)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Cultural differences in development[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]d)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Immutable laws of development[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]e)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]None of these

[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]4)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Which of the following is most likely to lead to high job satisfaction?[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]a)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Matching personality with occupation[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]b)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Promotion practices based on seniority[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]c)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Having an out going personality[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]d)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Working alone[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]e)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]None of these

[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]5)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Which of the following improves worker skills and reduces frustration and stress?[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]a)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Job training[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]b)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Job analysis[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]c)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Access to an employee assistance program[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]d)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]An organizational culture[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]e)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]None of these

[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]6)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]The assessment tools upon which clinicians depends gather information about their clients belong in which of the following categories.[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]a)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Interviews [/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]b)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Tests[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]c)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Observations[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]d)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]All of these choices[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]e)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]None of these

[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]7)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Which of the following tests is likely to have the highest reliability?[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]a)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]The TAT[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]b)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]The Rorschach[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]c)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]The MMPI[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]d)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]The Draw-a-Person test[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]e)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]None of these

[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]8)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Clinicians attempting to systematically assess the abnormal behavior of a client will frequently:[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]a)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Rely primarily on personality tests[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]b)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Employ a battery of tests[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]c)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Rely primarily on projective tests[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]d)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Rely primarily on neuropsychological tests[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]e)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]None of these

[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]9)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]The best definition of psychotherapy includes:[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]a)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]A sufferer, a healer and a systematic interaction between the two[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]b)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]A healer that uncovers unconscious conflicts and heals the personality[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]c)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]The removal of symptoms about which the patient complains[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]d)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]The use of talking and drugs about which the patient complains[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]e)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]None of these

[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]10)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Psycho dynamic therapists believe that maladaptive behavior stems from:[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]a)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Disturbed thought patterns[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]b)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Inappropriate learning patterns[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]c)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]A failure to live up one’s full potential[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]d)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Emotional trauma experienced in childhood[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]e)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]None of these

[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]11)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Which of the following therapists make intensive use of role playing?[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]a)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Client-centered therapists[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]b)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Psychoanalytic therapists[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]c)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Existential therapists[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]d)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Gestalt therapists[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]e)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]None of these

[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]12)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Client-centered therapy is most consistent with the:[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]a)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Behavioral approach[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]b)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Cognitive approach[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]c)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Psychodynamic approach[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]d)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Humanistic approach[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]e)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]None of these

[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]13)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Illnesses that seem to result from an interaction of physical and psychological factors are called:[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]a)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Hysterical[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]b)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Psychosomatic[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]c)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Somatic[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]d)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Conversion disorders[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]e)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]None of these

[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]14)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Chromosomal mapping studies have found that:[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]a)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Schizophrenia does not appear to have genetic components[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]b)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Schizophrenia does appear to have a genetic component[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]c)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Adoption studies do not reveal anything about schizophrenia[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]d)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]There is a single cause of schizophrenia[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]e)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]None of these

[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]15)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]The leading cause of mind retardation is believed to be:[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]a)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Fetal alcohol syndrome[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]b)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Organic brain syndrome[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]c)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Environmental factors[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]d)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Inherited traits[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]e)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]None of these

[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]16)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Therapists who focus on altering faulty thought process are:[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]a)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Cognitive therapists [/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]b)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Humanistic therapists[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]c)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Biological therapists[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]d)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Psychodynamic therapists[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]e)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]None of these

[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]17)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]In general children who score well on IQ tests have parents who:[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]a)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Pay for tutors and special schools[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]b)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Have very high IQs [/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]c)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Punish them if they fail to do it well[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]d)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Spend time with them and actively encourage their development[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]e)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]None of these

[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]18)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]One hallmark of projective tests is that they:[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]a)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Are multiphase[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]b)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Are criterion referenced[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]c)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Require responses to ambiguous stimuli[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]d)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Measure only one trait[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]e)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]None of these

[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]19)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]When psychological tests are used in personal selection, an important concern regarding the tests is:[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]a)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Cost[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]b)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Ease of administration[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]c)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Validity[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]d)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Objectivity[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]e)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]None of these

[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]20)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]A conversion disorder is characterized by:[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]a)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Functional impairment of a limb or sensory ability with no apparent physical cause[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]b)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]A constant fear of becoming seriously ill[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]c)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Frequently vague complaints of physical symptoms [/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]d)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]None of these[/SIZE][/FONT]
<o:p></o:p>
<o:p></o:p>
<o:p></o:p>
<o:p></o:p>

Paper 1
 

[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]Please make corrections...

1)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]The peripheral nervous system is made up of:[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]a)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Axons and dendrites[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]b)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]The brain and the spinal cord[/SIZE][/FONT]
[B][FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]c)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]The autonomic and somatic nervous systems[/SIZE][/FONT][/B]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]d)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]The sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]e)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]None of these

[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]2)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]The adrenal hormones which also appear to function as neurotransmitters in the brain are:[/SIZE][/FONT]
[B][FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]a)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Dopamine and serotonin[/SIZE][/FONT][/B]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]b)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Progesterone and testosterone[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]c)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Epinephrine and nor epinephrine[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]d)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Insulin and toblerone[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]e)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]None of these

[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]3)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]The detection of physical energy emitted or reflected by physical objects: it occurs when energy in the external environment or the body stimulates receptors in the sense organs:[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]a)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Cognition[/SIZE][/FONT]
[B][FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]b)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Sensation[/SIZE][/FONT][/B]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]c)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Perception[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]d)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Adaptation[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]e)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]None of these

[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]4)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Which of the following is a dimension of visual experience?[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]a)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Loudness[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]b)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Pitch[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]c)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Timbre[/SIZE][/FONT]
[B][FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]d)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Brightness[/SIZE][/FONT][/B]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]e)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]None of these

[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]5)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]All human senses evolved for the same purpose to:[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]a)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Increase our ability to enjoy the environment[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]b)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Make up more aware our feelings and internal state[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]c)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Provide information that could improve our ability to communicate[/SIZE][/FONT]
[B][FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]d)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Help us survive[/SIZE][/FONT][/B]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]e)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]None of these

[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]6)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]The fovea and blind spot are both features of the:[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]a)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Cornea [/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]b)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Lens [/SIZE][/FONT]
[B][FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]c)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Retina[/SIZE][/FONT][/B]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]d)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Pupil[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]e)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]None of these

[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]7)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Which of the following is the best example of a primary reinforcing?[/SIZE][/FONT]
[B][FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]a)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Food[/SIZE][/FONT][/B]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]b)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Money[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]c)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Pay check[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]d)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]New clothes [/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]e)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]None of these

[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]8)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Which of the following could be attributed to Tolman’s research?[/SIZE][/FONT]
[B][FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]a)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Discovery of the law of effect[/SIZE][/FONT][/B]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]b)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]The concept of cognitive map[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]c)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]The negative effect of punishment[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]d)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]The role of classical conditioning in the formation of phobic disorders[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]e)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]None of these

[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]9)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Which of the following factors influence the impact of interference on learning?[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]a)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]The nature of the material being learned[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]b)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]The organization and meaningfulness of the information learned[/SIZE][/FONT]
[B][FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]c)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]The type of activity that flows studying[/SIZE][/FONT][/B]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]d)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]All of the above[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]e)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]None of these

[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]10)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Which of the following psychologists developed the need/drive theory of emotion?[/SIZE][/FONT]
[B][FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]a)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Clark Hull[/SIZE][/FONT][/B]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]b)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Abraham Maslow[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]c)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Robert Plutchik[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]d)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Water Cannon[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]e)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]None of these

[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]11)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Which of the following orders of Maslow’s hierarchy of need is correct?[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]a)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Safety, physiological, belongingness, self-actualization, esteem[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]b)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Belongingness, esteem, safety, physiological, self-actualization[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]c)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Physiological, belongingness, safety, esteem, self-actualization[/SIZE][/FONT][B]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]d)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Physiological, safety, belongingness, esteem, self-actualization[/SIZE][/FONT][/B]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]e)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]None of these

[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]12)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Central traits:[/SIZE][/FONT]
[B]a) Were suggested by a behaviorist to explain behavior
[/B] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]b)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Organize and control behavior across many situations[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]c)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Are more situations specific than they are secondary traits[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]d)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Are seen in growth-oriented individuals[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]e)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]None of these

[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]13)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Norms are influenced by:[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]a)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]The surrounding culture[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]b)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]The surrounding sub-culture[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]c)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]The context of the situation [/SIZE][/FONT]
[B][FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]d)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]All of the above [/SIZE][/FONT][/B]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]e)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]None of these

[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]14)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Discrepancies between attitudes lead to:[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]a)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Prejudice[/SIZE][/FONT]
[B][FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]b)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Cognitive dissonance[/SIZE][/FONT][/B]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]c)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]The fundamental attribution error[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]d)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Relative deprivation[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]e)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]None of these

[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]15)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Many of the neo Freudians have modified Freud’s original theory of personality to give more emphasis to:[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]a)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Childhood sexuality[/SIZE][/FONT]
[B][FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]b)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Social and cultural factors[/SIZE][/FONT][/B]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]c)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Differences between the sexes[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]d)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Unconscious forces[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]e)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]None of these

[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]16)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Motivation is defined as inferred process within a person that causes organism to move toward:[/SIZE][/FONT]
[B][FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]a)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]A goal[/SIZE][/FONT][/B]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]b)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]All other organisms[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]c)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]A homeostatic state[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]d)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Higher kevels in the hierarchy of needs[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]e)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]None of these

[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]17)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]In which motivational conflicts are must chosen by “the lesser of two evils”[/SIZE][/FONT]
[B][FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]a)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Approach-Approach[/SIZE][/FONT][/B]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]b)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Approach-Avoidance[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]c)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Avoidance-Avoidance[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]d)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Multiple approach-avoidance[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]e)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]None of these

[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]18)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Which of the following identified universal symbolic images that appear in myths, art, dreams, and other expressions of the collective unconscious?[/SIZE][/FONT]
[B][FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]a)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Freud[/SIZE][/FONT][/B]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]b)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Adler[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]c)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Jung[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]d)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Horney[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]e)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]All of these

[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]19)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Raymond B Cattel advanced the study of personality traits by using a statistical method called:[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]a)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Locus of control[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]b)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Identification[/SIZE][/FONT]
[B][FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]c)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Factor analysis[/SIZE][/FONT][/B]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]d)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Phrenology[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]e)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]None of these

[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]20)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Perfection is a problem that is most associated with the:[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]a)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Id[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]b)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Ego[/SIZE][/FONT]
[B][FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]c)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Superego[/SIZE][/FONT][/B]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]d)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Ego and superego[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]e)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]None of these[/SIZE][/FONT]

Paper 2
 

[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]1)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Which of the following represent correct sequence?[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]a)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Zygote, fetus, embryo, neonate, infant[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]b)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Zygote, embryo, neonate, fetus, infant[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]c)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Embryo, zygote, fetus, neonate, infant[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][B][SIZE=3]d)[/SIZE] [/B][SIZE=3][B]Zygote, embryo, fetus, neonate, infant[/B]

[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]2)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Maturation refers to development that occurs as a result of:[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]a)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Genetically determined signals[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]b)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Instinctive process[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]c)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Homeostatic imbalances[/SIZE][/FONT]
[B][FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]d)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]An interaction between biology and environment[/SIZE][/FONT][/B]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]e)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]None of these

[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]3)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Which of the following is not one of the aspects of development studied by psychologists?[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]a)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Universal aspects of development[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]b)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Individual differences in development[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]c)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Cultural differences in development[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]d)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Immutable laws of development[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][B][SIZE=3]e)[/SIZE] [/B][SIZE=3][B]None of these[/B]

[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]4)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Which of the following is most likely to lead to high job satisfaction?[/SIZE][/FONT]
[B][FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]a)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Matching personality with occupation[/SIZE][/FONT][/B]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]b)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Promotion practices based on seniority[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]c)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Having an out going personality[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]d)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Working alone[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]e)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]None of these

[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]5)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Which of the following improves worker skills and reduces frustration and stress?[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]a)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Job training[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]b)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Job analysis[/SIZE][/FONT]
[B][FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]c)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Access to an employee assistance program[/SIZE][/FONT][/B]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]d)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]An organizational culture[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]e)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]None of these

[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]6)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]The assessment tools upon which clinicians depends gather information about their clients belong in which of the following categories.[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]a)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Interviews [/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]b)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Tests[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]c)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Observations[/SIZE][/FONT]
[B][FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]d)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]All of these choices[/SIZE][/FONT][/B]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]e)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]None of these

[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]7)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Which of the following tests is likely to have the highest reliability?[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]a)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]The TAT[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]b)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]The Rorschach[/SIZE][/FONT]
[B][FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]c)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]The MMPI[/SIZE][/FONT][/B]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]d)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]The Draw-a-Person test[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]e)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]None of these

[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]8)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Clinicians attempting to systematically assess the abnormal behavior of a client will frequently:[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]a)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Rely primarily on personality tests[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]b)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Employ a battery of tests[/SIZE][/FONT]
[B][FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]c)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Rely primarily on projective tests[/SIZE][/FONT][/B]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]d)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Rely primarily on neuropsychological tests[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]e)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]None of these

[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]9)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]The best definition of psychotherapy includes:[/SIZE][/FONT]
[B][FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]a)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]A sufferer, a healer and a systematic interaction between the two[/SIZE][/FONT][/B]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]b)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]A healer that uncovers unconscious conflicts and heals the personality[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]c)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]The removal of symptoms about which the patient complains[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]d)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]The use of talking and drugs about which the patient complains[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]e)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]None of these

[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]10)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Psycho dynamic therapists believe that maladaptive behavior stems from:[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]a)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Disturbed thought patterns[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]b)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Inappropriate learning patterns[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]c)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]A failure to live up one’s full potential[/SIZE][/FONT]
[B][FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]d)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Emotional trauma experienced in childhood[/SIZE][/FONT][/B]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]e)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]None of these

[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]11)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Which of the following therapists make intensive use of role playing?[/SIZE][/FONT]
[B][FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]a)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Client-centered therapists[/SIZE][/FONT][/B]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]b)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Psychoanalytic therapists[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]c)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Existential therapists[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]d)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Gestalt therapists[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]e)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]None of these

[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]12)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Client-centered therapy is most consistent with the:[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]a)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Behavioral approach[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]b)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Cognitive approach[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]c)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Psychodynamic approach[/SIZE][/FONT]
[B][FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]d)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Humanistic approach[/SIZE][/FONT][/B]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]e)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]None of these

[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]13)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Illnesses that seem to result from an interaction of physical and psychological factors are called:[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]a)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Hysterical[/SIZE][/FONT]
[B][FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]b)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Psychosomatic[/SIZE][/FONT][/B]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]c)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Somatic[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]d)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Conversion disorders[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]e)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]None of these

[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]14)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Chromosomal mapping studies have found that:[/SIZE][/FONT]
[B][FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]a)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Schizophrenia does not appear to have genetic components[/SIZE][/FONT][/B]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]b)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Schizophrenia does appear to have a genetic component[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]c)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Adoption studies do not reveal anything about schizophrenia[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]d)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]There is a single cause of schizophrenia[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]e)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]None of these

[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]15)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]The leading cause of mind retardation is believed to be:[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]a)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Fetal alcohol syndrome[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]b)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Organic brain syndrome[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]c)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Environmental factors[/SIZE][/FONT]
[B][FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]d)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Inherited traits[/SIZE][/FONT][/B]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]e)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]None of these

[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]16)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Therapists who focus on altering faulty thought process are:[/SIZE][/FONT]
[B][FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]a)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Cognitive therapists [/SIZE][/FONT][/B]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]b)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Humanistic therapists[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]c)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Biological therapists[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]d)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Psychodynamic therapists[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]e)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]None of these

[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]17)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]In general children who score well on IQ tests have parents who:[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]a)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Pay for tutors and special schools[/SIZE][/FONT]
[B][FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]b)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Have very high IQs [/SIZE][/FONT][/B]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]c)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Punish them if they fail to do it well[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]d)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Spend time with them and actively encourage their development[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]e)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]None of these

[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]18)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]One hallmark of projective tests is that they:[/SIZE][/FONT]
[B][FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]a)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Are multiphase[/SIZE][/FONT][/B]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]b)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Are criterion referenced[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]c)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Require responses to ambiguous stimuli[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]d)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Measure only one trait[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]e)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]None of these

[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]19)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]When psychological tests are used in personal selection, an important concern regarding the tests is:[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]a)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Cost[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]b)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Ease of administration[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]c)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Validity[/SIZE][/FONT]
[B][FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]d)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Objectivity[/SIZE][/FONT][/B]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]e)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]None of these

[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]20)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]A conversion disorder is characterized by:[/SIZE][/FONT]
[B][FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]a)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Functional impairment of a limb or sensory ability with no apparent physical cause[/SIZE][/FONT][/B]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]b)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]A constant fear of becoming seriously ill[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]c)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]Frequently vague complaints of physical symptoms [/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=3]d)[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]None of these[/SIZE][/FONT]