Everyday Science Paper 2007
 

FEDERAL PUBLIC SERVICE COMISSION
COMPETATIVE EXAMINATION FOR RECRUMENT TO POSTS IN BPS – 17, UNDER THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT, 2007


GENERAL KNOWLEDGE, PAPER – I
(EVERY DAY SCIENCE
PART – I (SUBJECTIVE)

PART –II (MCQ TYPE) Question paper bearing 50 marls will be given to you at 10:40 AM which is to be solved on OMR sheet

TIME ALLOEED :100 MINUTES MAXIMUM MARKS :50
NOTE: (i) Attempt ONLY FIVE question. All questions carry EQUALL marks.
(ii) Extra attempt of any question or any part of the attempted question will not be
considered.
(iii) canidate must draw two straight lines(================) at the end to
separate each question attempted in Answer Book.

Q.1. write short notes on any two of the following (5 each)
(a) Laser
(b) Nuclear reactor
(c) Ceramics

Q.2. Write briefly (not more than three to four sentences) about any five of the following ( 2 each)
(a) Asteroids
(b) Black Hole
(c) Aurora
(d) Sedimentary Rock
(e) Epiphytes
(f) Ionosphere

Q.3 Differenitate between the following pairs: (2 each)
(a) BIT and BYTE
(b) RAM and ROM
(c) Epidemic and endemic
(d) Photosynthesis and respiration
(e) Herbivores and carnivores

Q.4 (i) What are the endocrine glands? Name any Two. (2+2)
(ii) Name the parts of human body from where the following secreted: (6)
(a) Insulin
(b) thyroxin
(c) adrenalin
(d) oestrogen
(e) cortisol
(f) Testosterone

Q.5 (a) Briefly discuss the classification of plants giving suitable examples: (6)
(b) define the following: (4)
(1) Vaccine
(2) Antibiotic
(3) Solar eclipse
(4) Exothermic

Q.5 Give scientific reasons of the following: (2 each)
(a) Why climbers get their food by climbing on other trees ?
(b) Mars is called red planet.
(c) Vitamin D is the essential component of the bidy.
(d) The weight of the oblect is less at the equator than at the poles.
(e) Why do some people snore?

Q.7 Give description of satellites and also give their functions. (10)

Q.8 (a) What is balance diet? (5)
(b) How are characters transmitted from parents to offspring? (5)

solution
 

[SIZE="4"][COLOR="Sienna"]Every day sciences 2007
[/COLOR][/SIZE]

[B]Question no 1[/B]

[B][SIZE="3"]a. Laser[/SIZE][/B]

Laser is a device which generates the coherent light or "well organised" light .Ordinary white light is made up of many different colours. Each colour has different wavelength and the photons of each colour are out of step with each other. In a beam of laser light, all the photon have the same wavelength and move in step , travelling along like a well drilled army. The mechanism relies on a process known as stimulated emission and the word laser is derived from light amplification by stimulated emission.
The essential components of a typical laser are

1. The active medium such as a ruby rod or carbon dioxide gas

2. A method of introducing energy into the active medium, for instance a flash lamp

3. A pair of mirrors is placed on each side of the active medium, one of which transmits part of the radiation that strikes it.

A typical laser using Ruby rod as an active medium has a pulse duration of 20 nsec. with power of 10 MW and the laser beam has a wave length of 694 nm.

[B][SIZE="3"]b. Nuclear Reactor[/SIZE][/B]

A device in which the fission reaction involving neutrons and nuclear fuel is controlled for the production of heat is called "nuclear reactor". It is also known as " The nuclear power plant". This heat is converted by means of turbines and generator to electrical energy for commercial use. A nuclear power plant works in a similar way to an oil-fired or a coal-fired power station. The difference between the two types of power plants is in the fuel they use to heat the boiler. Inside a nuclear power plant, energy is released by nuclear fission in the core of a piece of equipment called the reactor. The energy heats water in the boiler ( the water boils and produce steam). This steam turns the huge turbine wheels, and the turbines drive the generator that produces the electricity.
There are three types of reactor which are given bellow.
1. Light water reactor (LWR)
2. Boiling water reactor (BWR)
3. Pressurised water reactor (PWR)
4. Heavy water reactor (HWR)
5. High-temperature Gas-Cooled reactor (HTGR)

[B]Question no 2[/B]

[B][COLOR="DarkOliveGreen"]a. Asteroids[/COLOR][/B]

[B]Asteroids[/B], also called minor planets or planetoids, are a class of astronomical objects.The asteroid is an small celestial bodies that drift in the solar system in orbit around the sun. between the orbits of mars and jupiter

[B][COLOR="DarkOrchid"]b. Black Hole [/COLOR][/B]

black hole is an object with a gravitational field so powerful that even electromagnetic radiation(such as light) cannot escape its pull.

[B][COLOR="DarkRed"]c. Aurora[/COLOR][/B]

The aurora is a bright glow observed in the night sky, usually in the polar zone. For this reason some scientists call it a "polar aurora" .

[B][COLOR="DarkSlateBlue"]d. Sedimentary Rock[/COLOR][/B]

A Sedimentary rock is one of the three main rock groups (along with igneous and metamorphic rocks) . Sedimentary rocks cover 75% of the Earth's land area.Sedimentary rocks include common types such as chalk, limestone, sandstone and shale.

[B][COLOR="DarkSlateGray"]e. Epiphytes [/COLOR][/B]

An epiphyte is an organism that grows upon or attached to a living plant. Epiphytic plants are sometimes called "air plants" because they do not root in soil.

[B][COLOR="Sienna"]f. Ionosphere[/COLOR][/B]

The ionosphere is the part of the atmosphere that is ionized by solar radiation. It plays an important part in atmospheric electricity and forms the inner edge of the magnetosphere.

[B]Question no 4 (i)[/B]

1. Adrenal glands
2. thyroid glands

[B]Question no 4 (ii)[/B]

a. Pancreas , stomach
b. thyroid gland
c. kidney
e. adrenal gland
f. Testes of male and overies of female

[B]Question no 5a[/B]

There are nearly half a million species of plants on the earth. With the exception of few , all of them need three basic ingredients to survive : air , light and water . Plants are found in almost every type of habitat. They take their own food using simple raw materials and energy from the sun. Plants requires water to grow. They cannot get this water unless it is available in the soil. Plants obtain water from the soil through their roots. It then passes up the stem to the leaves and flowers. The plant does not take all the water available in the soil. Much of the remaining water evaporates into the surrounding air. The plants can be divided in to the following categories.

[B][SIZE="3"]Non-Green Plants :[/SIZE][/B]

This is a group of plants having simple plant body without root, stem and leaves. They do not contain chlorophyll and hence do not involve photosynthesis. They can grow without the aid of sunlight and seem to popout of the ground overnight. Typical examples of nongreen plants are bacteria , fungi and viruses.

[B][SIZE="3"]Green Plants :[/SIZE][/B]

These are those plants which contain chlorophyll and carry out photosynthesis. There are two categories of green plants : non-flowering and flowering plants.

[B]a. Non-Flowering Plants (Cryptogams).[/B]

These are seedless green plants. They reproduce by means of spores. these plants have existed on earth for much longer than flowering plants. Many of them have remained almost unchanged for million of years. They generally have a simple structure and , with the exception of ferns , do not have supporting fiber.

[B]b. Flowering Plants ( Phanerogams ).[/B]

These are seed containing green plants . There are two groups of seed plants : the gymnosperms and the angiosperms. This division is based on the type of seeds they have. The gymnosperms are the pine, fir , cedar , cypress and spruce three while the angiosperms include most other trees , the flowering plants, the grasses , crop plants , vegetable and weeds.


[B]Question no 5 b[/B]

1. A [B]vaccine[/B] is an antigenic preparation used to establish immunity to a disease

2. An [B]antibiotic[/B] is a drug that kills or prevents the growth of bacteria

3. A [B]solar eclipse [/B] occurs when the moon passes between earth and the sun

4. A reaction that releases energy in the form of heat is called [B]exothermic[/B]

[B]Question no 6[/B]

b. Mars is a barren desert. It is covered with red dust, that is why we call mars, the Red Planet.
c. Vitamin D increase the utilization of calcium and phosphorous of the body.
d.
e. Throat weakness causing the throat to close during sleep

[B]NOte : Correct me in case of any mistake.[/B]

@suresh

i have a confusion in my mind regarding types of plants. You have mentioned non green plants including funji and bacteria but according to my information they are not plants....funji belongs to seperate kingdom funji because of a number of differences and even bacteria which belong to separate kingdom monera (prokaryotes). these are the two kingdoms of the total five kingdoms where others are plantae,animalia and protoctista.and living things are classified accordingly.
??????????

and for the hormones released from different parts of body;
insulin from pancreas(not stomach)
thyroxin from thyroid
adrenaline from adrenal medulla
oestrogen from ovaries (in females)
cortisol from adrenal cortex
testosterone from testis (in males) and from adrenal cortex in both males and females.
please confirm it
regards

@ Prissygirl

According to my knowledge, non-green plants have no roots and leaves. Though Fungi and bacteria are concerned under distinguish kingdoms but they has existence in kingdom plantae as well. The question arise how. here is the answer

The Fungi is a kingdom of eukaryotic organisms. Fungi are not plants, but were historically treated as closely related to plants, and were considered to be in the purview of botanists. It has long been recognized that fungi are evolutionarily closer to animals than to plants, but they still are covered more in depth in introductory botany courses and are not necessarily touched upon in introductory zoology courses. This is how Bacteria is a branch of microbiology. bacteria is included in algae. Algae have conventionally been regarded as simple plants, they actually span more than one domain, including both Eukaryota and bacteria , as well as more than one kingdom, including plants and protists.

Actually i have a book named as EDS by prof. Dr. M Akram kashmiri. He append above non-green plants in plants kingdom. U are right at your approach. I m waiting for senior scientist to clear the confusion.

@suresh
i am 100% agreed with what u have said and right now Dr.M kashmiri is in my hand and i have already read what he has written.....but the question is still there.what exactly we have to write in the paper?he has mentioned a very old classification of two kingdoms in his book(plants and animals).even funji and algae are taught under botany.

i have an idea.what if we mention the types in the paper both according to new and old classification briefly??????

I think prissygirl is right, we have a proper classification system of plants.
Firstly A plant is an organism in the kingdom Plantae. According to the five-kingdom classification system used by most biologists, plants have the following characteristics: they are multicellular during part of their life; they are eukaryotic, in that their cells have nuclei; they reproduce sexually; they have chloroplasts with chlorophyll-a, chlorophyll-b and carotenoids as photosynthetic pigments; they have cell walls with cellulose, a complex carbohydrate; they have life cycles with an alternation of a sporophyte phase and a gametophyte phase; they develop organs which become specialized for photosynthesis, reproduction, or mineral uptake; and most live on land during their life cycle.
Biologists have identified about 500,000 species of plants, although there are many undiscovered species in the tropics.

Common Classification

Plants are classified into these groups :

Algae
Bryophytes
Pteridophytes
Gymnosperms
Angiosperms

There are a few other higher categories of classification you may come across in your reading.

Lower plants usually include algae and Bryophytes, while higher plants refer to Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms and Angiosperms.

The word Cryptogams literally means "hidden wedding" and alludes to the fact that the sex life of these plants (algae, Bryophytes and Pteridophytes) was once not understood. Phanerogams ("open wedding") are the seed plants - the gymnosperms and angiosperms.

Thallophytes is an outmoded term for plants whose body is not differentiated into root/stem/leaves but is termed a thallus. Algae fall into this category (and fungi did too when they were considered to be plants).

Vascular plants are those with vascular tissue (xylem & phloem). Embryophytes (all but algae) are plants that bear an embryo and are synonymous with land plants.

I think your confusion might be over now.

@peerless
i am not confused about the classification...i m very sure about it....what i want to know is......what xactly we have to write in the paper....should follow the old and common classification or the recent and modern one.....

Q 5 (b)

a: By climbing on other trees, they get close to the light source.
c: Vitamin D is responsible for the absorption of calcium and phosphorus in the bones.

d: At equator, the distance from the earth's center is greater than any other point of the earth's surface. Since, weight is defined as the force with which a body is attracted towards the earth's center, so greater the distance, less is the force applied. Hence, the object's weight is lightest at the earth's equator, than at poles.

@ prissygirl

The plants classification system commonly used in botany was developed by Robert Whittaker in 1969, so you cant say that it is a new classification system.It is now upto you either you use the so called new system or centuries old classification.Personaly I feel we should use latest information, if you are confused you may give a reference of old system in short and then carry on with the new one.

@suresh
Qno.4(i) what are endocrine glands?
ans.endocrine glands are the ductless glans which,with few exceptions, are the discrete group of cellswhich make specific chemical coumpounds called the hormones and secrete them in the stream of blood.Endocrine system consists of some 20 glands/tissues lying in different parts of the body.

BIT/BYTE

Bit: -the computer works with binary numbers, which are 0 and 1. Each binary digit is called a “bit”. Bit is the short for binary integer. It is the smallest piece of data used by the computer.
Byte: -the combination of eight bits is called a “Byte”. One byte represents one alphabetic, numeric and alphanumeric character.

Respiration/ Photosynthesis:

Respiration: - it is one of the most important metabolic activities of all organisms, which occurs at two levels: the organism and cellular level. Organismic respiration is also called breathing or ventilation while in cellular respiration cell utilizes oxygen, produces CO2 , extracts and conserves the energy from food molecules by combustion in the form of ATP.

Photosynthesis: - it is the reverse of respiration, which involves the synthesis of carbohydrates with the help and water and carbon dioxide in the presence of light and chlorophyll. Photosynthesis is the characteristic feature of autotrophic plants and not found in heterotrophic organisms. Plants use CO2 and eliminate O2 into the environment.


Respiration:
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6H2O + 6CO2 + energy

Photosynthesis:
6H2O + 6CO2 + energy → C6H12O6 + 6O2


RAM/ ROM:-

RAM:- RAM stands for Random access memory. it is also called as primary memory or main memory. It is the high-speed memory. The computer can access any location of this memory extremely fast. It can read or write at any location of this memory in 100 millionth of a second. Ram cannot store the data or instructions permanently. When the computer is turned off, all programs and data are erased from the RAM. It is a temporary storage unit also called as the volatile memory.

ROM:- ROM stands for read only memory. The instructions written in ROM can only be read but cannot be changed or deleted. It is not possible to write new information or instructions into the ROM. Unlike RAM; ROM stores data and instructions permanently. When the power is turned off, the instructions stored in ROM are not lost.

Herbivores/ Carnivores:

Herbivores: - the animals that depend totally on plants or plant material for their food are called herbivores. Examples include rabbits, squirrels, cattle etc.
Carnivores: - the animals that depend on other animals for their food and eat flesh as their food are called as the carnivores. Such animals have the adaptive characters so that they may predate and tear the flesh easily. Examples include cat, dog, lion, tiger etc.
Herbivores and carnivores constitute the food chain of a particular community.

Epidemic/ Endemic:

Epidemic: -this terminology is usually concerned with the increased cases of bad happening especially in the case of diseases and crimes. It basically explains the increased caes of a particular disease happening at the same time in a particular community. For example, flu epidemic
while

Endemic: - it explains the condition that is regularly found in a particular area or particular group of people and it is difficult to get rid of it. Something that is very localized. Markhor is endemic to khunjerab

What about these books
 

Hi guys

what do you know (or if you know what do you think) about the following books::unsure:
Encyclopedia of Everyday Science by Dr Zafar Ahmed Chaudhary
AND
Everyday Science Advance by M Imiaz Shahid (Personally i am not satisfied with this book on having first look)

I am planning to prepare from only these two books or with the addition of Akram Kashmiri's.

cheers:waiting

@CSSer

in my humble opinion "New Guide to Science" by Isaac Asimov is the best book to prepare from, for everyday science...........it is a bit lengthy but u can follow the syllabus and study only those topics which r given in it..............i assure u that it will cover all of the Everyday Science paper. it is an extremely good book, especially for the objective part of everyday science.

regards,

Answer to Q5d
Because of the Earth's rotation it is not a perfect sphere, but described
as an oblate spheroid. The Earth is slightly flattened at the poles and
slightly bulged at the equator. Therefore, a person standing at the equator
would weigh slightly less than at either of the Poles. The weight
difference however is not very significant, only about 0.3%, because the
distance from the Earth's center is only slightly different. (correct if wrong)

request..........
 

plz post MCQ part of everyday science 2007 and 2008 and 2009..........

Where are mcqs??
 

Plzz post mcqs of this paper...

plz seniors and mods post mcqs of this paper plzzzzzzzzzzzzz

@eager
2007 paper is all subjective there is no objective in this paper

[QUOTE=jtalpur;47398]FEDERAL PUBLIC SERVICE COMISSION
COMPETATIVE EXAMINATION FOR RECRUMENT TO POSTS IN BPS – 17, UNDER THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT, 2007


GENERAL KNOWLEDGE, PAPER – I
(EVERY DAY SCIENCE
PART – I (SUBJECTIVE)

PART –II (MCQ TYPE) Question paper bearing 50 marls will be given to you at 10:40 AM which is to be solved on OMR sheet

TIME ALLOEED :100 MINUTES MAXIMUM MARKS :50
NOTE: (i) Attempt ONLY FIVE question. All questions carry EQUALL marks.
(ii) Extra attempt of any question or any part of the attempted question will not be
considered.
(iii) canidate must draw two straight lines(================) at the end to
separate each question attempted in Answer Book.

Q.1. write short notes on any two of the following (5 each)
(a) Laser
(b) Nuclear reactor
(c) Ceramics

Q.2. Write briefly (not more than three to four sentences) about any five of the following ( 2 each)
(a) Asteroids
(b) Black Hole
(c) Aurora
(d) Sedimentary Rock
(e) Epiphytes
(f) Ionosphere

Q.3 Differenitate between the following pairs: (2 each)
(a) BIT and BYTE
(b) RAM and ROM
(c) Epidemic and endemic
(d) Photosynthesis and respiration
(e) Herbivores and carnivores

Q.4 (i) What are the endocrine glands? Name any Two. (2+2)
(ii) Name the parts of human body from where the following secreted: (6)
(a) Insulin
(b) thyroxin
(c) adrenalin
(d) oestrogen
(e) cortisol
(f) Testosterone

Q.5 (a) Briefly discuss the classification of plants giving suitable examples: (6)
(b) define the following: (4)
(1) Vaccine
(2) Antibiotic
(3) Solar eclipse
(4) Exothermic

Q.5 Give scientific reasons of the following: (2 each)
(a) Why climbers get their food by climbing on other trees ?
(b) Mars is called red planet.
(c) Vitamin D is the essential component of the bidy.
(d) The weight of the oblect is less at the equator than at the poles.
(e) Why do some people snore?

Q.7 Give description of satellites and also give their functions. (10)

Q.8 (a) What is balance diet? (5)
(b) How are characters transmitted from parents to offspring? (5)[/QUOTE]

see, its written in this paper, part 1 subjective, part 2 mcq type. and this paper is of 50 marks only

@eager
but i had seen in book in which just question are written and mcq part is also missing there,
marks are not mention there so i dont know. sorry

can someone post MCQs
 

I have looked in the books and many other places, but couldn't find any MCQs. Can anyone remember even few of the MCQs of 2007. Post it if you are aware of any. We can compile it later on.
Regards

EDS 2007 Solved (Summarized answers)
 

[B]Everyday Science Paper 2007
________________________________________
FEDERAL PUBLIC SERVICE COMISSION
COMPETATIVE EXAMINATION FOR RECRUMENT TO POSTS IN BPS – 17, UNDER THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT, 2007[/B]

GENERAL KNOWLEDGE, PAPER – I
[B]PAPER - II (This was MCQ based paper which I was unable to find anywhere)
[/B]
(EVERY DAY SCIENCE
[B]PART – I (SUBJECTIVE)[/B]

[B]Q.2. Write briefly (not more than three to four sentences) about any five of the following ( 2 each)
[/B](a) Asteroids: found between mars and Jupiter in asteroid belt. Revolves around sun. The Orbit is full of rocks as if remains of a planet.
(b) Black Hole: Once the stars die, they collapse into their own body, such that their weight is immense and so is their gravity which results in the attraction of light too. As it is pitch black and even light cannot escape from it, its called black hole.
(c) Aurora: A natural light display in the sky caused by the collision of energetic charged particles with atoms in the high altitude atmosphere (thermosphere). The charged particles originate in the magnetosphere and solar wind and, on Earth, are directed by the Earth's magnetic field Into the atmosphere. Most aurora occur in a band known as the auroral zone.
(d) Sedimentary Rock: Sedimentation means ‘to settle’, Sedimentary rocks are metamorphic or igneous rocks that are formed by the deposition of material at the Earth's surface and within bodies of water. It covers most of the earth’s surface i.e. upper crust. Sedimentary rocks are also important sources of natural resources like coal, fossil fuels, drinking water or ores.
(e) Epiphytes: An epiphyte is a plant that grows upon another plant (such as a tree) non-parasitically, and derives its moisture and nutrients from the air, rain, and sometimes from debris accumulating around it instead of the structure it is fastened to. An epiphytic organism that is not a plant is not called an epiphyte.[1] Epiphytes are usually found in the temperate zone (e.g., many mosses, liverworts, lichens, and algae) or in the tropics (e.g., many ferns, cacti, orchids, and bromeliads).[2] Epiphytes provide a rich and diverse habitat for other organisms including animals, fungi and bacteria.
(f) Ionosphere: The ionosphere is a region of the upper atmosphere, from about 85 km (53 mi) to 600 km (370 mi) altitude, and includes the thermosphere and parts of the mesosphere and exosphere. It is distinguished because it is ionized by solar radiation. It plays an important part in atmospheric electricity and forms the inner edge of the magnetosphere. It has practical importance because, among other functions, it influences radio propagation to distant places on the Earth.

[B]Q.3 Differenitate between the following pairs: (2 each)
[/B](a) BIT and BYTE: BIT stands for a binary digit, either 0 or 1. In a circuit it is used to store data where 0 denotes off while 1 denotes ON. Collection of 8 Bits is known as 1 byte.
(b) RAM and ROM: Random Access Memory, often used to process data. ROM is Read only memory and stores very important data such BIOS.
(c) Epidemic and endemic: Endemic and epidemic are both words that diseases love, but somethingendemic is found in a certain place and is ongoing, and epidemic describes a disease that's widespread.
(d) Photosynthesis and respiration: PS uses sunlight to convert CO2 and H2O into O2 and Glucose. Respiration is opposite where sugar or other organic compound reacts with oxygen to release CO2 and heat energy.
(e) Herbivores and carnivores: Herbivorous are plants eating, while carnivorous is flesh eating living things.

[B]Q.4 (i) What are the endocrine glands? Name any Two. (2+2)
[/B]
Group of organs and tissues of the body that release hormones. The endocrine glands and their hormones regulate the growth, development, and function of various tissues and coordinate many of the processes of metabolism.

Pituitary Gland
The pituitary gland has three lobes: anterior, intermediate, and posterior. It is situated at the base of the brain and has been called the “master gland”. The pituitary secretes various hormones that stimulate the function of other endocrine glands; growth hormone; and endorphins, peptides that reduce sensitivity to pain. The pituitary also stores vasopressin, an antidiuretic hormone secreted by the hypothalamus.

Adrenal Glands
The adrenal glands, located on top of each kidney, consist of a medulla (inner part) and a cortex (outer part). The adrenal medulla produces adrenaline and noradrenaline, which affect a number of functions that help the body deal with acute emergencies. The adrenal cortex secretes a group of steroid hormones, including cortisone and hydrocortisone, that are essential to the maintenance of life and adaptation to stress.

a. Insulin : Pancreas
b. Thyroxin : Thyroid
c. Adrenaline ; Adrenal medulla
d. Estrogen : Ovaries
e. Cortisol; Adrenal cortex
f. Testosterone : Testes


[B]Q.5 (a) Briefly discuss the classification of plants giving suitable examples: (6)
[/B]Flowering
Gymnosperms (naked seeds) (e.g. Pinetrees)
Angiosperms (Highly developed, seeds inside ovaries)
Monocotyledon (Parrallel veins)
Dicotyledon (Network of veins)
Non Flowering
Moses
Ferns

[B](b) define the following: (4)
[/B](1) Vaccine: Dead or accentuated virus, injected into human in order to activate his immune system.
(2) Antibiotic: also called antibacterial intended to kill bacteria.
(3) Solar eclipse: When Moon comes in between earth and sun.
(4) Exothermic: A chemical reaction which gives off heat.

[B]Q.6 Give scientific reasons of the following: (2 each)
[/B](a) Why climbers get their food by climbing on other trees ? By climbing on other trees, they get close to the light source.
(b) Mars is called red planet: It is red in color if we look from space
(c) Vitamin D is the essential component of the body: processes calcium into bones
(d) The weight of the oblect is less at the equator than at the poles: earth is flatter at poles, not exactly spherical, so we have lesser gravity at equator than poles and thus slight less weight. However, it shall be noted that the difference is too small and thus can be classified as negligible.
(e) Why do some people snore? It is due to the relaxation of the upper airway muscles during sleep which may decrease the size of the airway space and cause airflow limitation and turbulence. It is the combination of turbulent airflow through the hypotonic airway structures that results in the harsh vibratory noise known as snoring

[B]Q.7 Give description of satellites with its functions. (10)
[/B]Main Points
Any object that revolves around any other object is a satellite. Broadly speaking, once can classify into Natural and Artificial Satellites. In the context of the term, one refers to artificial satellites only when using such term. Artificial satellites are man-made bodies that are released then in order serve various purposes such as communication, forecasting, spying etc. Functions Include. Weather Forecasting, GPS, Communication (Internet, Mobile, Radio), spying, Imaging, Object detection, Military uses etc.

[B]Q.8 (a) What is balance diet? (5)
[/B][QUOTE=tranquil;298433][B]What is a balance diet ?[/B]

The human food to provide energy for all life processes and for growth, repair and maintance of cell and tissue. The dietteticneeds vary according to age,sex and occupation. Every ingredient that we partake of has a specific role to play in our health. Eating a well-balanced diet on regular basis and staying at an ideal weight are critical factors in maintaning emotional and physical well-being. The word ‘diet’ is often used to describe an eating plan intended to aid weight loss. However, diet really refers to the foods a person eat in the cource of a day, or a week. The more balanced and nutrous diet, the helathier the person can expect to be. A balance means eating the right amount of food from all the groups. Choose the types of foods that improve your health and avoid the types that raise your risk for illness such as heart diseases and diabeties. Expand your range of health choices to include a variety of delicious foods.

The benefits of a diet are numerous. No single food contains everything the body needs so it is important to eat a variety of them. The right amount of the essential nutrients can increase life expectaancy by keeping the heart and body and preventing many long-term illness.

[B]The concept of healthy eating:-[/B]

Healthy eating is based on three simple aspects – Balance, Moderation and variety. When these three parameters are mastered, one feels great, has more energy and remains healthy! These are no strictnutrition philsosphies, or rule that one has to stay unrealistically thin. Healthy eating also does not means that one is deprived of favourite foods. Learning some nutrition basic and incorporaing them in a way that works for you can achieve all this. Believe it or not, healthy eating can be tasty, exciting and exotic tool.

[B]Basics are essential:-
[/B]
Every ingrident from the basic five food groups has a specific role in your health. That’s why we should aim for a balance diet. Eating to much of one or not enough of another is not good for anyone and may result in deficiences.

A balance diet contains different types of foods in those quantities and proportional such that the need of calorie,protein,minerals,vitamins and other nutrients is adequately met a small provision is made for extra nutrients for when one’s health comes under stress

The different groups that should be included in the diet so as to get necessary nutrients are cereals and millets, pulses,fruits and vegetables,milk and milk products,meat and meat products,sugar and fats.In addition,a balance diet should provide non-nutrients like fibres, which provide positive health benefits. Fluid intake in the form of water and water-based drinks is also essential for good health. Water is essential for the correct functioning of the kidneys and bowels. At least 6-8 glasses of plain water should be consumed everyday for a healthy life.

[B]Balance diet vs. healthy diet.[/B]

That balance diet is better for health is an accepted fact but some beleive a healthy diet also means a balance diet. In fact they are both different. The difference is a healthy diet plan provides us withsome nutrients but a balance diet plan provide us with all the essential nutrients. a balance diet enables us to obtain all the essential nutrients present in a wide range of foods. If the balance diet plan is consistent it will also provide a regular supply of vitamins,minerals and other essential nutrients ensuring optium health and vitality. Optimum health means fewer illness and health complications but more importantaly increased energy levels for physical activity. It also helps in weight-loss.

It’s important to be aware that a balance diet can also provide too many fats, refined sugar and salt. If any diet provides excessive saturated fats, cholesterol and refined sugar it may be classed as unhealthy. This is where Healthy Diet comes in. A Healthy Diet Plan is mainly the consumption of natural, fresh and wholesome foods for each meal of the day; foods chosen are usually low in fats, sodium and refined sugars.

The idea of combining both the healthy and balanced diet plans is to provide a variety in the diet, to consume more whole grains, pulses, sprouts, fresh fruitsand vegetables which help in boosting the energy level. This combination focuses on a low fat intake especially saturated fats and minimizes refined sugar and salt intake.The underlying principle is to provide optium health and vitality, to have more energy to be more active and to build up stamina.

[B]Choosing the right foods.[/B]

Nutrients in food peform various essential functions. They helped in body-building, growth, giving energy and provide protection. The various foods categorized as nutrients peform specific functions in our body, so to maintain a balance is of utmost importance. The classification of foods as per their function helps one decide on the right kind of foods.

[B]Energy-giving foods:-[/B]

Simple carbohydrates: sugar, honey, jaggery & Fats and Oils

[B]Body-building foods:-[/B]

Proteins & Complex carbohydrates

[B]Protective foods:-[/B]

Vitamins & Minerals.[/QUOTE]

[B](b) How are characters transmitted from parents to offspring? (5)
[/B]A child is a combination of a set of chromosomes that he receives from each parent. A human has 46 chromosomes i.e. 23 pairs. Out of these, half will belong to the father while other belongs to Mother. Each chromosome has set of genes attached to it which DNA which has information which we call as traits.

Post mcqs:
 

You people could discuss and debate later after posting Mcqs part of the paper. :huh :huh :(

[QUOTE=prissygirl;50500]and for the hormones released from different parts of body;
insulin from pancreas(not stomach)
thyroxin from thyroid
adrenaline from adrenal medulla
oestrogen from ovaries (in females)
cortisol from adrenal cortex
testosterone from testis (in males) and from adrenal cortex in both males and females.
please confirm it
regards[/QUOTE]

I want to clear your one concept regarding testosterone : testosterone is release from testis but it is not produce in female body.Androgen , a male hormone responsible for secondary development , is secret in female also.

what should be length of question for marks 5 and 2 .also how many differences should be written in questions of differentiation worth marks 2