Diverse queries regarding IT career expertise have gone unanswered for the most people thus far. Just as novices lack knowledge about IT, so too do irrelevant people lack knowledge about IT. People with an IT career equip themselves with different expertise in different IT fields like software development, networking, graphics, web designing and development, AI-based software development, mobile Applications etc.

Software is a set of programs. A programme is a set of instructions or code developed or generated through computer languages or tools. Algo (an algorithm) is used or written to develop software. An algorithm consists of a number of steps to solve a problem by performing particular tasks logically. Software products are either desk-based or web-based. Desk-based software products are used on desk tops, whereas web-based software products are used on networks and WWW ( World Wide Web) sites online*on the Net.

There have been a number of computer languages or tools used in software development. Desktop-based software development languages like Visual Basic, C Language, C++, C#, Java, and the latest, Python, are available. Python is used for desktop, web, and mobile applications.

Web designing and development tools have included HTML ( HyperText Markup Language),DHTML*( Dynamic HyperText Markup Language),* CSS( Cascading Style Sheets), and*Java Script. Latest are Web.com, Angular. JS, Chrome DevTools, Sass, Grunt.

Graphics tools like Paintbrush, Flash. Latest are Adobe Photo Shop, Canva, Adobe Illustrator, Inkscape etc.

Web-based software development tools like JSP ( Java Server Page),*ASP ( Active Server Page),*ASP .NET, PHP, Apache, MySQL etc.

Microsoft certifications are done by IT professionals like Microsoft Certified Fundamentals (MCF), Microsoft Office Specialist (MOS), and Microsoft Certified Educator (MCE).

A “network” is defined as a group of computers connected to each other. Computers are the clients on a network connected to each other. The network combines the server and the clients. The server is the main computer on the network and has central control of its clients.

There are two well-known types of topology. One is bus topology, and the second is star topology. The bus topology is the oldest, whereas the star topology is more favorable. There are three types of networks. LAN (local area network), MAN (metropolitan area network), and WAN (wide area network) LAN is supposed to be a network within a building, MAN is a network within a city, and WAN is a network within a country or between countries.

There are cables, switches, routers, modems, hubs, and repeaters used for connecting to computer clients on different types of networks. An intranet is a private network contained within an enterprise that is used to securely share company information and computing resources among employees. An intranet can also be used for working in groups and teleconferencing. Intranets encourage communication within an organization.

There are three types of cables. coaxial cable, twisted pair cable, and fibre optic cable. Coaxial cable uses connectors such as BNC, barrel connectors, and end connectors. Whereas twisted pair cable uses an RJ45 connector. Fiber-optic cable is made up of incredibly thin strands of glass or plastic known as optical fibers. Fiber-optic cable, also known as an optical-fiber cable, is an assembly similar to an electrical cable but containing one or more optical fibres that are used to carry light. Data travels through laser beams in clear glass or plastic fibre optic cable.

Cisco certifications in networking are done like entry certifications. ( CCT*). Associate Certifications ( CCNA, CyberOps Associate, and *DevNet Associat.) Professional Certifications, (CCNP Enterprise, CyberOpsProfessional, DevNetProfessional, CCNP Collaboration, CCNP Data Center, CCNP Security, CCNP Service Provider). Expert Certifications (Cisco Certified DevNet Expert, CCDE, CCIE Enterprise Infrastructure, CCIE Enterprise Wireless, CCIE Collaboration, CCIE Data Center, CCIE Security, CCIE Service Provider).

There is a popular mobile app development framework which enables mobile app developers to build applications for mobile devices using CSS3, HTML5, and JavaScript instead of relying on platform-specific APIs like those in iOS, Android or Windows.

Artificial intelligence is the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. Specific applications of AI include expert systems, natural language processing, speech recognition, and machine vision.

AI-based software or systems developed for automation AI-based software is developed using algorithms that define diverse rules with different conditions in order to automate things.

AI tools and frameworks like Scikit-Learn, TensorFlow, Theano, Caffe, MxNet, Keras, PyTorch, and CNTK.

Written by Shahjehan Soomro