Internet speed is defined as the speed at which data or content travels from the World Wide Web to your home computer, tablet, or smartphone. The speed of this data is measured in kilobits per second (Kbps), megabits per second (Mbps), and gigabits per second (Gbps).

For instance, one megabit is equal to 1,024 kilobits. This conversion means 1.0 Mbps is more than 1,000 times faster than 1.0 kilobits per second (Kbps).

Your internet speed is based on how long your internet connection can download and upload data (in bits). This speed is measured in megabits per second (Mbps) and gigabits per second (Gbps)—one Mbps is 1,000,000 bits being transferred per second, and one Gbps is 1,000,000,000 bits being transferred per second.

Internet connections include 3G wireless or 4G wireless, 5G wireless, mobile, hotspots, modems or dial-up, broadband, DSL (digital subscriber line), cable, satellite, ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network), and more.

A network packet is a basic unit of data that’s grouped together and transferred over a computer network.
A network packet has three parts: the packet header, payload, and trailer. The size and structure of a network packet are dependent on the underlying network structure or protocol used. Conceptually, a network packet is like a postal package. In this scenario, the header is the box or envelope, the payload is the content, and the trailer is the signature. The header contains instructions related to the data in the packet.

Generally, most networks today operate on the TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) stack, which makes it possible for devices connected to the internet to communicate with one another across different networks.

A frame is the data unit for the data link layer, whereas a packet is the transmission unit for the network layer.

When a connection is built,*frames with packets are transferred from source to destination on the net. A frame contains one packet of data. Packet can be of 4 bits, 8 bits, or more with a number of bits and a speed of Kbps, Mbps, or Gbps, depending on which size of packets are sent in frames from one end to the other, thereby determining the speed of the internet accordingly.

For instance, if there is a 4-bit binary number like 1110, we will start counting from right to left: 0 is zero, 1 is one bit, again 1 is 2 bits, and another 1 is 4 bits. We accumulate the numbers of bits, like 4+2+1+0 is equal to 7 bits of data, meaning a 4 bit binary number like 1110 contains 7 bits of data.

In addition, 0 is off and 1 is on, so only those bits are counted that have 1. Likewise, an 8-bit number like 11111111 counts as 64+32+16+8+4+2+1+0. As we accumulate these 8-bit numbers, we get 127-bit data. Thus, we count binary numbers or bits in kilo bits (1024 bits), mega bits (1024 kilobits), and giga bits (1024 megabits), which are transferred per second and have a huge number of accumulated bits of data from source to destination on the Net.

Shahjehan Soomro