Friday, March 29, 2024
03:50 AM (GMT +5)

Go Back   CSS Forums > General > News & Articles

News & Articles Here you can share News and Articles that you consider important for the exam

Reply Share Thread: Submit Thread to Facebook Facebook     Submit Thread to Twitter Twitter     Submit Thread to Google+ Google+    
 
LinkBack Thread Tools Search this Thread
  #1  
Old Sunday, December 06, 2009
Member
 
Join Date: Apr 2007
Posts: 56
Thanks: 0
Thanked 21 Times in 17 Posts
lmno250 is on a distinguished road
Post Pakistan Need A Doctrine of Warfare Against Insurgency and Terrorism.

“Terrorism has economic, social and political dimensions as well as its security dimension. Terrorism can only be eliminated with a fight comprising all those dimensions.” “An army cannot vanquish terror” and that “only a political process can bring about a cessation of terror.” it was axiomatic that a conventional army could never win a guerrilla war, therefore in every possible encounter between an army and a terrorist organization, the army could not hope to achieve victory. Every terrorist is a failure for the army, which is not true regarding terrorism’s political and public successes, which are not the army’s business and with which it has to cope only marginally.

These militants did not arise from whole cloth. Pakistan was ally of the west throughout the cold war .The world worked out to exploit the religion against USSR in Afghanistan by empowering the Islamic fundamentalist as an instrument to destruction of RED BULL. The strategy worked but its left legacy was the creation of a religious army with its own Dynamic. Pakistan is paying the price to be ally of west.

“War has its own grammar.” Even the most human situation, which seems to be an endless collection of individual, illogical, unconnected incidents – namely, war –, has basic rules. When a country like Pakistan decided against going to war, but if it chooses warfare, it must act according to war’s basic principles. Ignoring them will prove futile; unless they are genuinely addressed, that war cannot be won. The list of principles is a methodological tool that differs from army to army and from era to era

In 1923, historian J.F.C. Fuller wrote that “the central idea of an army is known as its doctrine, which to be sound must be principles of war, and which to be effective must be elastic enough to admit of mutation in accordance with change in circumstance.
In its ultimate relationship to the human understanding this central idea or doctrine is nothing else than common sense—that is, action adapted to circumstance.”

According to the introduction to the British doctrine of warfare, issued in 1996,
Many countries have adopted a list of war principles, concentrating on those that are most important and have proven themselves in the long run as applicable to waging wars. The principles are not a checklist ensuring success, but, used with judgment, they will serve as a guide to planning and carrying out military operations at all levels, as well as the criteria for examining possible directions for action. The British list features ten principles-1.Selection and maintenance of aim.2. Maintenance of morale3 Security
4 Surprise.5.Ofensive actions .6. Concentration of force.7. Economy of effort.8. Flexibility9. Cooperation.10.Sustainability / administration.

The Americans list the following nine-1.Objective.2. Ofensive.3. Mass.4. Economy of force.5. Maneuver.6. Unity of command.7. Security.8.Surprise.9.Simplicity. The Americans have recently added three additional principles to the officials literature under the heading “Other Principles.” They are1. Restraint.2.Perseverance 3. Legitimacy.

Six factors which contributed to the success of Indian army operation in quelling the separatist movement were quality intelligence; diplomatic and political isolation of the terrorists from international and domestic support base; timely elimination of their leadership; element of surprise; ruthless elimination of the terrorists without any remorse, and finally effective management of the humanitarian crisis.

al-Qaeda, according to a doctrine of its own. That doctrine has been developed from the group's experiences during the Afghan war against the Red Army, and has matured through each of the insurgencies in which bin Laden's fighters have since been involved, from Eritrea to Xinjiang to Mindanao. In presenting their doctrine, al-Qaeda's strategists also have tipped their turbans to the significant lessons they have learned from Sun Tzu, Clausewitz, Mao, General Giap, and even Ahmed Shah Masood, as well from the training manuals of the U.S. and UK Marines and Special Forces.

it will suffice to look at some of the insurgency-related work of five of the group's strategists: the late Abu-Hajer Abd-al-Aziz al-Muqrin, Abu Ubyad al-Qurashi, Abu-Ayman al-Hilali, Abd-al-Hadi, and Sayf-al-Din al-Ansari. Abu-Ayman al-Hilali wrote "requires a fundamental working knowledge of planning, administration, security, psychology, sociology, history, geography, politics, strategy, law, education, preaching, and military science, not to mention religious knowledge."1 covert action" in urban areas.2 interconnectedness of the military and media.3 prolonging the war.4 "reconnaissance and surveillance operations.

The current military operations have highlighted some new elements in Pakistan’s counter-insurgency warfare which were not seen in previous operations that the Pakistani government conducted during 2003-2008.

1. Pakistan’s counter-insurgency strategy is a comprehensive one that employs a pre and post operation plan aimed at “clear, control and build” in the area cleansed of the Taliban presence. Both the South Waziristan and Swat operations were divided into three phases: 1) seize control of communication infrastructure and clear the adjoining settlements and village, as well as destroy the command and control structure of the Taliban militants; 2) mop-up operations aimed at the remaining terrorist infrastructure in the far-flung areas; and 3) reconstruction of the area and rehabilitation of the internally displaced persons (IDPs).

2. The recent successes in Pakistan’s military operation in Swat and South Waziristan testify to the fact that Pakistan has sufficient counter-insurgency capability to dislodge the Taliban from their strongholds in FATA and NWFP. This nullifies the previous assumptions regarding the Pakistani armed forces that they were tailored to fight conventional warfare against regular armies in plains and deserts and lacked the training and ability to conduct CI operations in mountainous terrain against non-state actors

Pertinent to relations between the political and military echelons. The outcome on the battlefield should lead the political bodies to understand that the situation permits them to withstand the demands of the terror organizations. If they still elect for one reason or another to compromise, surrender, withdraw, peace deals or concede, then all the work invested by the military echelon is in vain. In other words, it is possible that a victory over terror may not lead to an improved political situation.

This is one area where classic warfare, on the model of the Second World War, differs from the type of warfare we are discussing. General Mussraf did mistake when he went into North and South Wazirstan to bring down the Al-qeada and other fugitives to heal but he did a peace deal and again PPPP did same mistake in Malakand when he did a army withdraw and peace deal with TSNM ,the result we see the world mass migration happen and full scale war . Same mistake is going to commit in Balouchistan by political forces of Pakistan.

“The “defeat” demanded by the politicians can be reduced to a suficient victory,” which does not lead to many years of quiet but rather results in smothering the lames of the insurgency; it is maintained only at the cost of continual efforts. Terrorist groups are not destroyed but become able to act and reorganize them selves in a dangerous force., and continuous counterterrorist measures have to be undertaken to prevent the renewal of attacks that mistake was committed by last both Governmnet of Pakistan (ARMY Mussy +present PPP).They gave the chance to Terrorist to regroup and organize themselves both in Malakand and in tribal areas (Fata,Fana).now same mistake is going to repeat in Blouchistan province.

In early 19th century (1808-1813), first major guerrilla bands appeared in Spain against the French. This movement introduced the term “guerrilla”. In mid 19th century the link between insurgency and radical political movement was first established. In 1916, Lawrence of Arabia succeeded in initiating an Arab uprising against Turks. After World War 1, partisan insurgency in Siberia and Russia were witnessed. According to many observers, the modern day guerrilla warfare owes its origin to Mao Tse Tung. Since 1945, there have been over 160 armed conflicts around the world. Over 20 million people died world wide in these hostilities, nearly all of them belonging to the developing countries.

Six Basic Conditions to fight against Insurgency and terror.
The decision of the political echelon to defeat terrorism and to bear the political cost of an ofensive.
Control of the territory from which the terrorists operate.
Relevant intelligence.
Isolating the territory within which counterterrorist operations are taking place.
Multi-dimensional cooperation between intelligence and operations.
Separating the civilian population that has no connection with terrorism from the terrorist entities.
These conditions are necessary but insufficient; they do not ensure victory over
Terrorism, but without them victory is impossible

The U.S. Counterinsurgency Field Manual also concludes that “citizens seek to ally with groups that can guarantee their safety.” This can be achieved when the political leadership in the insurgency area is willing to take responsibility and stand up to the pressures of the terrorist organizations and even fight them.

The U.S. Army was twice involved in successful counterinsurgency campaigns in the Philippines (from 1899 to 1902, and between clear what exactly is 1946 and 1954). Additionally, the British Army won a tough counterinsurgency war in Malaya between 1952 and 1957. In the Middle East, the British also waged successful counterinsurgency campaigns during the 1930s in British Mandatory Palestine and decades later in the 1970s in Dhofar Province in Oman. The latest example is Sri-Lankan army won a war against Tamil Tigers.

Insurgency is the general term for many types of asymmetric warfare, including terrorism. The U.S. Army/Marine Corps Counterinsurgency Field Manual uses the Defination of an insurgency as “an organized movement aimed at the overthrow of a constituted government through the use of subversion and armed conlict.” It is a “politico-military” struggle, according to the Field Manual, “designed to weaken the control and legitimacy of an established government, occupying power, or other political authority while increasing insurgent control.”

“Terror” is thus a subset of insurgency warfare. The concept “terror” encompasses four types of terror, but all employ deliberate violence against civilians in order to obtain political, religious, national, or ideological objectives:

International terror of the al-Qaeda variant, which found expression in the attack on the World Trade Center in New York, the attacks in London, the firing of an anti-aircraft missile at an El Al airplane in Kenya, and the attacks in Istanbul. Hizbullah also engaged in international terrorism at least twice in Argentina and in Thailand.Al-Qaeda main focus is now Pakistan,it really hit hard to Urbans areas.

The defeat of Germany in the First World War was completely different. As proof of the matter, Germany embarked on another great war twenty-one years later. Such was also the case of the defeat of Egypt and Syria in the Six-Day War. Six years after that victory the two again attacked Israel.In Pakistan Scenario TNSM did revolt twice in 1993, 1997 in Malakand (NWFP) .But again they struck back with full scale war after 10 years .In Blouchsiatn Province Nationalist against revolt after 30 years. Again Pakistan Establishment is going for Temporary victory in Balouchistan and making a deal with these nationalist and insurgent to make fort deep inside the country there will be no check and balance left same as Malakand and other Tribals areas.

Temporary victory and suficient victory do not provide a solution to the ideological that forms the basis of the armed struggle and terror. As long as any reason whatsoever exists – political, national, ethnic, economic, religious, ideological, or an amalgam of all these – that facilitates the recruitment of people to the terror movements, and as long as there is an active hardcore that has an interest in prolonging terror, one must expect terror to continue or to be renewed. A military efort cannot be expected to solve a problem of historical dimensions. As long as some of the terror.

It is the military’s responsibility to make it absolutely clear to the politicians that it is impossible to defeat terrorism solely by defensive methods, and the politicians must completely understand that the war on terrorism has a political price. Experience has shown that the international community is not always prepared to legitimize an attack and that is the nature of ighting terrorism – in the presence of civilians who are not and who run a high risk of being harmed. Whoever is unwilling to pay the price

In April 2004 the Government of Pakistan signed the first of three peace agreements with militants in South Waziristan. It was signed with Taliban commander Nek Muhammad Wazir, but was immediately abrogated once Nek Muhammad was killed by American Hellfire missile in June 2004. The second was signed in February 2005 with Nek's successor Baitullah Mehsud, which brought relative calm in the South Waziristan region. This deal will be later mimicked in the neighboring North Waziristan territory in September 2006 as the third and final truce between the government and the militants., the Pakistan army withdrew from populated areas (2004-2009), and large areas became of-limits for the Pakistani forces for more than five years.

Therefore, it is not Surprising that when the State of Pakistan found itself besieged by suicide bombing and ,other forms of terrorist attacks (2004-2009), it did not have a military solution, the use of tanks, APCs, planes, and helicopters notwithstanding. The awful truth was that there could be no military solution because the Pakistan forces lost control of the territory after Sararogha agreement.

Only recapturing the territory in On October 17 2009 , the Pakistani Army launched a large-scale offensive in South Waziristan involving 28,000 troops advancing across South Waziristan from three directions Operation Rah-e-Nijat (Oct 2009) and its subsequent control (which continue from several months) could lay the foundation and provide the necessary conditions for a successful campaign against terrorism. Therefore, only then the Pakistan army along with FC and the PAKISTAN Intelligence Agencies achieve today’s situation, before the completion of the operation, in which the percentage of terrorist attack preventions grew and the number of attempted terrorist attacks decreased.

A close relation exists between controlling the territory and intelligence. Without control, there is usually little real chance of enlisting agents from within the populace where the terrorists are active or within the terrorist organizations themselves. Accumulated experience shows that human intelligence is at the heart of ighting terrorism and, for that reason, control of territory has an important influence on intelligence capabilities. Beyond the intelligence necessary to Fight terrorism directly, it is important to legitimize
the light. Today it is clear that both internal and external legitimization is necessary, and this is more evident when the country fighting terrorism is a democracy. Acquiring the sympathy and favorable public opinion of the international community is vital to the long-term Fight against terrorism, which tries to present its murderers as “freedom fighters.” Intelligence plays an important role in the struggle for legitimization .

If the military force does not seal the border, efforts to wipe out terrorist elements are useless. This is because the terrorists will replenish their storehouses and refill their ranks with operatives from beyond the border, and it will be impossible to stop them. A truely bottomless pit will exist, and pressuring terrorists will be ineffective, because they will be able to acquire what they need from outside the territory in which they operate Regardless of the pressure.

It is vital to close borders on two sides, both preventing Support from reaching the terrorists and preventing terrorists from entering Pakistan.Pakistan Army did mistake in Malakand operation where they did not seal the border of Malakand division with Bajur agency ,Lower and Upper DIR,with Hazara division and Gilgit –Baltistan province,that is reason half of militants escaped to Afghanistan , bajour and other areas of Pakistan’s they are again gathering themselves in safe heaven in vast Urban areas in Pakistan.Same mistake is repeating in Operation Rah-e-Nijat not closing the border with Afghanistan so mostly terrorist are running to safe heaven in North Wazaristan or to other tribals areas or to Afghanistan.Most important USA is not closing the afghan border with Pakistan.

Other countries that fought terrorist and guerrilla forces have made the same mistake. The United States’ failure to seal the Iraqi-Syrian and Iraqi-Iranian borders is one of the main reasons for its failure to stop terrorist attacks directed against its soldiers in Iraq during the early years of the insurgency. Ninety-five percent of foreign fighters in Iraq who provide the bulk of suicide bombers came through Syria alone. Same thing is happening in Pakistan Bulk of suicide bombers are coming from Afghanistan. Pakistani forces has to hot pursuit to these forces deep inside Afghanistan if he want to won the war on terror.

The isolation required in fighting terrorist organizations also includes non-geographical Aspects. For example, an efforts should be made to create economic isolation, which Means preventing the entrance of funds from outside the territory, whether through Bank transfers, money changers, or in the suitcases of messengers. Isolation of Information is also extremely important, especially in the more professional realms, such as preparing modern explosive devices. In addition, attempts to transfer information, Such as bringing in experts who acquired knowledge elsewhere or CDs with professional Information to improve fighting ability must be prevented. but Pakistan forces cant do any thing yet to stop these stuff to terrorist .

The first pointing to success and the second to the lessons learned from failure. The emphasis is different for Pakistan , because the issues are more military than civilian. Understanding that the reaction time and cooperation of the various elements – intelligence community, army, and police forces – is critical to the war on terrorism led to two important changes in the methods and general organization of those fighting terrorism.

Realizing that people make mistakes, because mistakes are unavoidable in cases of actions undertaken rapidly and under pressure, is at the foundation of every theory of fighting terrorism. Israeli cooperation between its fighting branches and intelligence community can be (and indeed is) a good example for other countries struggling with the same problems and challenges.

Lt. Col. David Kilcullen, the former Australian officer who now serves as an advisor on counterinsurgency to General David Petraeus in Iraq, has indeed noted: “The enemy needs the people to act in certain ways (sympathy, acquiescence, silence, reaction to provocation) in order to survive. It appeared in early 2008 that the U.S. had achieved this level of separation of the Sunni civilian population of al-Anbar Province in Western Iraq from al-Qaeda and that this is part of the explanation for the success achieved by the U.S. with the implementation of its 2007 “surge strategy” under General David Petraeus. Even the Sunni Arab population, which had previously fought U.S. efforts to facilitate the emergence of a democratic (and Shiite- dominated) regime in Baghdad, understood the damage that would be caused with a take-over of Iraq by al-Qaeda ailiates.

As a result, the Sunni Arabs have been prepared to fight for the stability of their sectors and to prevent the infiltration of extremist elements from abroad,Israel did same when he start helping al-Fattah against Hamas to curb the suicide bombing and Qasam missile attack on Israel Territory .latest Example is SRI LANKA who divided the Tamil Tiger into two group and concluded a full victory against terrorist. Pakistan Army has to create a Balance force to counter these insurgency. The leadership must realise that the success and sacrifices of our troops can go waste if we do not succeed in winning hearts and minds of the large displaced population

Parliamentary democracy is not new. It has been tried and tested at various times and in various places. Experience has shown that the executive authority cannot be shared equally by a president and a prime minister. If this co-relationship is not worked out, then the system is destined for recurrent crisis, as seems to be happening in Pakistan. The answer probably lies in getting rid of the 52 B and Seventeen Amendment itself. Meanwhile the drama is unfolding again in Pakistan.

With OUT a surveillance and reconnaissance satellite Pakistan can not provide an independent solution to its intelligence needs that is not reliant on the political winds. Pakistan is totally dependent on USA, NATO and china for intelligence through Satellite.

The South Waziristan operation was the first major operation where the Pakistani military received intelligence support from the United States, which provided unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) coverage “on-demand.” This seems to have increased Pakistani situational-awareness in a mountainous rugged terrain where the enemy has the historic advantage of applying ambush and hit-and-run attacks against the Pakistan Army.

However, the current operation in South Waziristan is just one episode of a drawn out battle between the government and the Taliban. Pakistan’s Interior Ministry has already alluded to more operations in Orakzai and Khyber Agencies against the Taliban. Operations in Kurram and North Waziristan Agencies may not be ruled out in the future.

Conculsion.
Thus, in the thinking of the COIN doctrine, information operations and psychological warfare play an even greater part in undermining an insurgency than the phase of direct physical conflict. A counter-insurgency strategy neither starts nor stops with the military defeat of the insurgent: “The announcement of bold government initiatives to be started after the insurgency has been defeated can have real and significant effect on winning the hearts and minds of the population during any campaign…As with subduing a fire, the flames have to be out and the embers cold, before it can be considered finished”.

Syria is the main transit point for foreign jihadists crossing into Iraq.USA hot pursuit the terrorist inside Syria in OCT 2008,OCT 2003 Israel justified the attack on Syria—the first in 30 years—as retaliation for the October 4 Haifa suicide bombing that killed 19 civilians and wounded scores more,Israel attack Syria at least ten time to kill the leadership of Hamas and PLF which he accused terrorist.President Bush said that he had spoken with Sharon and stressed that “Israel’s got a right to defend herself, that Israel must not feel constrained in terms of defending the homeland.Turkey forces enter in North Iraq in Feb 2008 to target Kurdish rebels .

If paksitan Governmnet know about the training Campas for these insurgent in Afghanistan .he have right to attack them to safe guard the civilan and homeland .the policy of hot pursuit is good if Pakistan is really serious to safe his integrity and sovernity.

Pakistan is not left with any other option to Fence his all border along Afghanistan to stop the flow of illegal weapons and reinforcment coming to NWFP and in Balouchistan province.Time is running .Stop chasing politican and other all Intelligenc agencies has to concentrate on locating the terrorist and struck the safe houses of these monsters.

The recent military successes by Pakistan against the Taliban in FATA and the NWFP provide a ray of hope to Pakistan to conduct operation in Afghanistan that overcoming the Taliban on both sides of the border may not be impossible, provided the pakistani nations have the will and determination to take on the Taliban. However, any degree of success against the Taliban will remain limited until the root causes of violence in FATA/NWFP, such as poverty, illiteracy and underdevelopment, are addressed.
Usman Karim Based in Lahore Pakistan lmno25@hotmail.com
Reply With Quote
  #2  
Old Sunday, December 06, 2009
Asif Yousufzai's Avatar
Senior Member
Medal of Appreciation: Awarded to appreciate member's contribution on forum. (Academic and professional achievements do not make you eligible for this medal) - Issue reason:
 
Join Date: Nov 2007
Location: DreAm LanD
Posts: 583
Thanks: 173
Thanked 1,078 Times in 408 Posts
Asif Yousufzai is just really niceAsif Yousufzai is just really niceAsif Yousufzai is just really niceAsif Yousufzai is just really niceAsif Yousufzai is just really nice
Default @Imno250

Dear, can u tell me the source of this material???

Dont you think that the approach in this article for curbing terrorism is wrong????

Can we really compare and implement SriLankan approach in Pak???

2ndly, the Balochistan issue is completely different and one can not compare it with NWFP or FATA.......... because i think the people of Balochista are fighting for their rights and their actions are justifiable in many ways.....
i might be wrong but i think military operation is not the solution to subdue these people.........

I will love to have ur views............

thanx
__________________
When Problems are so Big & Your Strength is no Longer enough to CaRRy them, Don't Give uP; Because where your Strength Ends the Grace of Almighty ALLAH Begins
Reply With Quote
Reply

Thread Tools Search this Thread
Search this Thread:

Advanced Search

Posting Rules
You may not post new threads
You may not post replies
You may not post attachments
You may not edit your posts

BB code is On
Smilies are On
[IMG] code is On
HTML code is Off
Trackbacks are On
Pingbacks are On
Refbacks are On


Similar Threads
Thread Thread Starter Forum Replies Last Post
Current Affairs Sureshlasi Current Affairs 60 Tuesday, May 12, 2020 01:45 PM
History of Presidentship in Pakistan Naseer Ahmed Chandio General Knowledge, Quizzes, IQ Tests 1 Tuesday, May 31, 2011 03:00 PM
The Destabilization of Pakistan....... Mahin News & Articles 2 Thursday, January 17, 2008 11:43 AM
Problems of Pakistan and their solution Mazher Essays 10 Thursday, November 15, 2007 12:29 AM
indo-pak relations atifch Current Affairs 0 Monday, December 11, 2006 09:01 PM


CSS Forum on Facebook Follow CSS Forum on Twitter

Disclaimer: All messages made available as part of this discussion group (including any bulletin boards and chat rooms) and any opinions, advice, statements or other information contained in any messages posted or transmitted by any third party are the responsibility of the author of that message and not of CSSForum.com.pk (unless CSSForum.com.pk is specifically identified as the author of the message). The fact that a particular message is posted on or transmitted using this web site does not mean that CSSForum has endorsed that message in any way or verified the accuracy, completeness or usefulness of any message. We encourage visitors to the forum to report any objectionable message in site feedback. This forum is not monitored 24/7.

Sponsors: ArgusVision   vBulletin, Copyright ©2000 - 2024, Jelsoft Enterprises Ltd.