The rule of law makes democracy work because law is the collective will of society, making possible the monopoly on the legitimate use of force, equal Rights, and social order. Six elements comprise the rule of law- order and security, legitimacy, checks and balances, fairness, effective application, and efficiency and integrity.

Pakistan is listed at 10th in the Failed State 2009 Index. Placed ninth among all countries last year in terms of its overall achievement, has improved its position only by a notch - it is placed 10th in the index for 2009 published in the July-August issue of the journal.In 2004 Pakistan Number was 34.In 2007 Pakistan number was 12 in the index of failed state. In 2006 Pakistan number was 9 in the index of failed state. Failed states are where the terrorists are most vulnerable to covert action, commando raids, surprise attacks, and local informants willing to work for a few dollars. Failed states are not “safe havens”; they are defenseless positions.

The ranking is done on the basis of the following factors: demographic pressure, refugees internally displaced persons (IDPs), group grievance, uneven development, economic decline, delegitimisation of the state, public service, human rights, factionalised elites and external intervention.

Colombia has experienced conflict for decades. In the 1990s it was a paradigm of the failing state, State Failure Incidents, 1990–98 -5/84– beset with all manner of troubles: terrorism, kidnapping, murder, drug trafficking, corruption, an economic downturn of major scope, general lawlessness, and Brain drain. Fund for Peace/Foreign Policy List of Failed States as of 2004 Ranks as 14. Today 2009 Rank is 41 .the country is much safer, and the agents of violence are clearly on the defensive. Nonetheless, much work lies ahead to secure the democratic system. Security and the rule of law are fundamental to the task.

Colombia is the third-most populous country in Latin America, after Brazil and Mexico Colombia Population (May 2009) 44.91 million. Area- 1.14 million sq. km. (440,000 sq. mi.) GDP (2008)-$249.8 billion; base year 2000- $93.7 billion. Annual growth rate (2008): 2.5%. Per capita GDP (2008): $8,900. Colombian spending on defense more than doubled to U.S. $9.8 billion in 2008 from U.S. $2.6 billion in 2001. The security forces number about 390,000 uniformed personnel: 260,000 military and 130,000 police. President Uribe instituted a wealth tax in 2002, which raised over U.S. $800 million, with 70% used to increase 2002-2003 defense spending. A similar tax imposed from 2007-2011 and levied on the country's wealthiest individuals and enterprises is expected to raise up to U.S. $3.7 billion.

The administration of Andres Pastrana (1998-2002), a Conservative, faced increased countrywide attacks by the FARC and ELN, widespread drug production and the expansion of paramilitary groups. The Pastrana administration unveiled its "Plan Colombia" in 1999 as a strategy to deal with these longstanding problems, and sought support from the international community. Plan Colombia is a comprehensive program to combat narco-terrorism; spur economic recovery; strengthen democratic institutions and respect for human rights; and provide humanitarian assistance to internally displaced persons

In 2008, Colombia seized 245 metric tons of cocaine and coca base, surpassing the 191 metric tons captured in 2007. Additionally, 258 metric tons of marijuana, also a record, and 695 kilos of heroin were seized in 2008. Colombia also destroyed 3,667 drug laboratories in 2008, including 311 cocaine processing laboratories and 3,348 smaller coca base labs. Progress is also being made in addressing the problem of reducing the area under coca cultivation. Total eradication numbers for coca in Colombia in 2008 were a record 229,227 hectares, an increase of 10,335 hectares from 2007.

Colombia's average annual economic growth rate of over 5% from 2002 to 2007 can be attributed to an increase in domestic security, resulting in greater foreign investment; prudent monetary policy; and export growth. The Andean Trade Preference Act, which was extended through December 2009, also plays a pivotal role in Colombia's economic growth. The signing of a trade promotion agreement with the U.S. in November 2006 provides further opportunity for growth.

The two predominant rebel groups--the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (known by its Spanish acronym, FARC) and the National Liberation Army (ELN)--are included on the U.S. State Department's list of foreign terrorist organizations. FARC and ELN were both founded in the 1960s, after Colombia’s two main political parties ended more than a decade of political violence and agreed to share power. In 1963, students, Catholic radicals, and left-wing intellectuals hoping to emulate Fidel Castro’s communist revolution in Cuba founded ELN. FARC formed in 1965, bringing together communist militants and peasant self-defense groups. Both say they represent the rural poor against Colombia’s wealthy classes and oppose U.S. influence in Colombia, the privatization of natural resources, multinational corporations, and rightist violence.

FARC is Colombia’s largest and best-equipped rebel group. According to the Colombian government, the group had roughly sixteen-thousand members in 2001. The head of the U.S. Southern Command testified in March 2008 that the FARC has now been reduced to about nine thousand fighters . operates in roughly one-third of the country, mostly in the jungles of the south and east. In 1999, during peace negotiations with the group, then-president Andres Pastrana ceded control of a 42,000-square-mile area (roughly the size of Switzerland) to the FARC. After three years of fruitless negotiations and a series of high-profile terrorist acts, Pastrana ended peace talks in February 2002 and ordered Colombian forces to start retaking the FARC-controlled zone. FARC more than 40% soliders are less than 18 years age children.

When Uribe took office in 2002, he launched an aggressive security campaign against the FARC and ELN, bolstered by U.S. funding from Plan Colombia, a multibillion dollar counternarcotics aid package. Bombings, murder, mortar attacks, kidnapping, extortion, hijacking, as well as guerrilla and conventional military action against Colombian political, military, and economic targets. In March 1999, the FARC executed three US Indian rights activists on Venezuelan territory after it kidnapped them in Colombia. Foreign citizens often are targets of FARC kidnapping for ransom.

The smaller ELN , which operates mainly in northeastern Colombia, is estimated to have between 2,200 and 3,000 members, which marks a significant reduction in military capability since the late 1990s. productionFARC supplies more than 50 percent of the world's cocaine. A 2009 report by the U.S. Government Accountability Office says the FARC accounts for 60 percent of the total cocaine exported from Colombia to the United States. The ELN 's primary income source is also drug trafficking, a shift from the ransom or "protection" payments that accounted for much of its funding in the 1980s,

Colombian government sources believe this latest shift occurred between 2005 and 2007, which coincides with increased ELN activity on the Pacific coast and Venezuelan border, coca-growing regions, and drug-trafficking zones.When President Uribe launched his crackdown on the two guerrilla groups in 2003, both sought refuge in the areas bordering Ecuador and Venezuela. These border regions are hotbeds of illegal activity such as drug trafficking and arms dealings. Both rebel groups frequently cross into neighboring territory to avoid Colombian military sweeps.

While the illegal armed groups might be in irreversible decline in Colombia, the cocaine economy persists. In 2007, the U.S. Government estimated that coca cultivation encompassed 167,000 hectares, an increase from 157,000 hectares in 2006. Because of manual and aerial eradication (an effective technique because replacement
plantings are less productive), estimated Coca production decreased from a high point of 700 metric tons in 2001 to 535 tons in 2007.

The United State has been supporting rule of law reforms in Latin America and elsewhere for a number of years. These efforts have been prominent in El Salvador, Panama, Guatemala, Honduras, and the Dominican Republic, while Mexico is converting to an accusatory system. In Colombia, the American rule of law program goes back to 1986, and is the oldest and most extensive of all country programs.

The Colombian constitution of 1991 was amended in 2002 to mandate conversion to an accusatory system, with a congressionally-issued accusatory code in 2004, and subsequent implementation began in 2005. The transformation was completed in 2008.

the Colombian state despite the second highest budget allocated to the Judiciary in Latin America, and a high per capita number of judges, 17.1 per 100,000 people, versus 2 and 3 in the United States and Spain. A large budget does not mean that the judicial system is effective. Other factors, such as security, fairness, and access, must play a role.

Overall, American support has gone to counter- terrorism capabilities, counter narcotics, support to Development of alternative crops and marketing, drug demand reduction, interdiction, human rights, anti- financial crimes and money laundering, good governance, political competition and consensus building, protection of vulnerable populations (such as internally displaced persons) and economic services, trade and investment, anti-corruption, food security, civil society, stabilization operations, security sector reform, disarmament, demobilization and reintegration
of ex-combatants, and demining. Such policy breadth and integration enhanced the legitimacy of not only the U.S. support but the Colombian effort as well.

Just see what USA did Between 2000 and 2008, the United States spent $238.9 million to promote the rule of law, judicial reform, and complementary capacity building in Colombia. The work was supervised by USAID and the DOJ. The results have been remarkable in the areas of institutional strengthening, training, access to justice, public education, and awareness. Criminal cases are now resolved in 75 percent less time (weeks and months instead of years), and over 60 percent of cases formally charged are resulting in convictions, compared with 3 percent under the old system.

An important milestone for engaging sustained American support was the adoption of Plan Colombia in 1999, which was crafted by Colombian officials with American consultation. Plan Colombia envisioned $7.5 billion for the struggle against narcotics with the major portion, $4.5 billion, coming from Colombia itself; $1.6 billion from the United States; and the rest from Western Europe, Japan, and Canada. In 2005, the end of Plan Colombia’s irst 5 years, Colombia had spent $7 billion and the United States $4 billion.

The Colombian civil law system is inquisitorial: investigation is controlled and directed by a judge instead of a prosecutor; testimony and other evidence are normally presented in written form with little opportunity for cross-examination; a prosecutor’s role is minimal; proceedings and trial are based primarily on documentary submissions; and juries are uncommon. The common law system is known as accusatorial or adversarial.investigation is controlled by the parties in opposition (in criminal cases, a prosecutor and defense attorney); a judge sits as a neutral decision-maker; testimony and other evidence are normally presented orally in open court with opportunity for complete cross-examination; public trials are customary; and juries are often impaneled to hear the evidence and decide the facts.

By 2006, DOJ and USAID had trained more than 40,000 prosecutors, criminal investigators, judges, public defenders, and technical experts, including over 20,000 in the accusatory system. Moreover, DOJ developed specialized prosecutor/police task force units to combat human rights abuses, money laundering, narcotics, and corruption, and has provided forensic equipment for DNA, ingerprint, and ballistic analysis. DOJ estimates that in 2009 it will train 200 prosecutors, 400 judges, 300 forensic experts, 5000 police, and 400 protection personnel.

49 justice houses (casas de justicia) are now established, and ive new Regional Justice Houses are to be built in 2009 with approximately 16 satellite houses in rural areas with high levels of Afro-Colombian and indigenous people. Justice houses are designed to “facilitate access to justice for poor people and to promote efficient, comprehensive, and peaceful resolution of everyday legal issues,” often through
alternative dispute resolution. From the inception of the program until the end of 2008, the casas de justicia handled over 7.8 million cases, with 1,347,463 in 2008 alone. USAID cites this successful example of alternative dispute resolution

In 2004, the Uribe government established, for the first time in recent Colombian history, a government presence in all of the country's 1,099 municipalities (county seats). Attacks conducted by illegally armed groups against rural towns decreased by 91% from 2002 to 2005. Between 2002 and 2007, Colombia saw a decrease in homicides by 44%, kidnappings by 85%, terrorist attacks by 79%, and attacks on the country's infrastructure by 60%.,a total of some 800 Colombian trafickers were extradited to the United States by 2009.

Area: 803,943 sq. km. (310,527 sq. mi.); Population (July 2008 est)167,762,040.Annual growth rate (2008 est.): 1.81%.GDP (year ending June 30, 2008, PPP): $446 billion.Real GDP growth rate (year ending June 30, 2008): 5.8%.Per capita GDP (year ending 2008, PPP): $2,600.

Pakistan's judicial system stems directly from the system that was used in British India. The Supreme Court has original, appellate, and advisory jurisdictions. The president of Pakistan appoints the justices. Each province has a high court, the judges of which are also named by the president. Below the high courts are district and session courts, and below these are subordinate courts and village courts on the civil side and magistrates on the criminal side. There are no jury trials in Pakistan. In May 1991, for example, the National Assembly adopted legislation which incorporated the Islamic legal code, the Shari'ah into Pakistan's legal system. A Federal Shari'ah Court has the power to nullify any law it finds repugnant to Islam.

Since the days of Chief Justice Mohammad Munir, Pakistan's Supreme Court has taken refuge in the “law of necessity” to provide legality to the military dictators, Field Marshal Ayub Khan, General Ziaul Haq and General Musharraf. The position of the judiciary in Pakistan has also been affected by periods of military rule in the country. When General Zia al-Huq imposed martial law in 1977, military courts were given jurisdiction over trial and punishment of civilians found guilty of violating martial law regulations. The verdicts could not be appealed to a higher civilian court. Under the 1981 interim constitution, a new oath was imposed on all supreme court, high court, and Shari'ah court judges, and all laws promulgated by the martial law regime were exempted from judicial review.

Similarly, in January 2000, Musharraf required all judges to take an oath of loyalty to his regime. The supreme court chief justice, Saiduzzaman Siddiqui, and five colleagues refused and were dismissed. This was just a week before the court was due to hear the first of several cases challenging the legality of the new government. Legal experts argue this action did irreparable harm to Pakistan's judiciary; with all sitting judges having accepted the military regime,

In 2007, Musharraf got himself re-elected by the outgoing parliament, an election subsequently challenged in court. In November, he declared a state of emergency and dismissed Supreme Court justices whom he feared would rule against him. Under external pressure, he ended the emergency after he had secured the presidency and resigned from the military.27th March chief justice of pakistan restore after PML(N) call along with all depose judes of high and supreme courts,it was a big victory for democratice forces in pakistan and a step 2ward independence judiciary.

Chief Justice of Pakistan Justice Iftikhar Muhammad Chaudhry said that the current situation in NWFP was result of deviation from constitution and rule of law. The current legal system that the British introduced in the 1840s, is now outdated and requires drastic improvements. We have failed to bring about any meaningful changes in it since independence. October 2002, the Musharraf government introduced a National Judicial (Policy Making) Committee Ordinance 2002 (No LXXI). Under the ordinance, a National Judicial Committee, headed by the chief justice of the Supreme Court, and comprising the chief justice of the Federal Shariat Court and the four provincial high courts, was set up. The committee was entrusted with the task of ensuring a uniform judicial policy within the court system, in coordination with the Law and Justice Commission, established under the Law and Justice Commission of Pakistan Ordinance 1979.

The AJP was approved by the ADB in December 2001 for a total amount of $350 million to (i) ensure equal protection to all citizens; (ii) secure and sustain entitlements which consequently reduce the poor's vulnerability; (iii) strengthen the legitimacy of state institutions; and (iv) create conditions conducive to pro-poor growth especially by fostering investors confidence. The benefit got all high court of pakistn with equipped with computer and good furniture but rule of law did not flow.

In a free country there is much clamor, with little sufferings. In a despotic state there is little complaint, with much grievance. People should be encouraged to register their grievance without fear so that the black sheep hidden in the ranks and file of the society could be exposed. These black sheep are responsible for hampering growth of the nation. People at the helm of affairs have to look seriously into reasons why 90 per cent of the crimes go unreported. Why people are hesitant to register their complaints probably they are not sure to get justice hence they feel insecure. The Asian Development Bank has provided a fund of $350 million for the judiciary. It is the justice, which play the pivotal role in keeping all spheres of life on an even keel.

The committee’s approval of the National Judicial Policy at its April 18-19,2009 meeting was viewed as a welcome step. Dr Faqir Hossain, secretary andregistrar of the Supreme Court, unveiled the policy. The policy deals with subjects like the disposal of cases, eradication of corruption and observance of the code of conduct by the judges.

As of April 1, 2009, 1.565 million cases were pending in the various courts of the country A large number of cases are pending in various High Courts. In the Lahore High Court, a total of 85,195 cases, in the High Court of Sindh, 18,291 cases, in Peshawar High Court, 11,610 cases and in the High Court of Balochistan, 4445 cases were pending .the progressive total of pending cases as on 31st July 2009 comes to 19313. Out of these, 1927 cases were disposed of in the month of July; the backlog on 31st July 2009 remains 17386.Approximately 30,000 applications/letters are annually received under Article 184(3) of the Constitution and processed by the Court. Obviously, the Court has a heavy workload. Federal Shariat Court, 2,092

There is a backlog of civil and criminal cases at the level of subordinate judiciary in all provinces. On 1st sept 2009, in the Province of the Punjab, the number of cases pending was 1,225,879. In the Province of Sindh, the number of pending cases was 145,663, in NWFP, the figure was 187,900 whereas in Balochistan, it was 8377.

Current Strength of Law Officers of the Federation and Provinces 965. Advocates on the Roll of the Supreme Court 2936. Advocates on the Rolls of the High Courts,Punjab -30000.Sind-6840.NWFP-3171-Balouchistan-1020. Advocates on the Rolls of the District Courtsm, Punjab -23000.Sind-7000.NWFP-9171-Balouchistan-2220. Distt & Sessions Judges/ Addl Distt & Session Judge/ Senior Civil Judge/ Civil Judge-Punjab-1039.Sind-562-NWFP-300-Balochistan-220.ChiefJustice & Judges- Supreme Court of Pakistan-19. Federal Shariat Court-08. Lahore High Cour-50.Sind High Court-37.Peshwar High Court-16-Balochistan high court-08.

During the period 2001 - 2003, the Punjab government increased the allocation for the judiciary from Rs.992 million to Rs.1.30 billion, NWFP from Rs.226 million to Rs.270 million, and Balochistan from Rs.163 million to Rs.204 million..In 2008-2009 Punjab Province Currently, District and Sessions Judges basic salaries are Rs 28,000 per month that has been increased to Rs 120,000 while Additional District and Sessions judges basic pay scale is Rs 19,000 that would go to Rs 76,000.Similarly, the senior civil judges would now get basic salaries of RS 48,000 instead of Rs 12,000.The Civil Judges cum judicial magistrates, the real under dogs in the judiciary were getting just Rs 8,000 per month as basic salaries which has now been increased to Rs 32,000.

Generally speaking, the policy has required the courts to decide the cases within a period ranging from 15 days to six months. How is it practical for ajudge, who has more than 100 cases a day in his docket, to achieve this target,when, if he gives 10 minutes to a case, he would need to work for more than 16hours a day to simply hear them? The question of disposing them has still not arisen.

The lack of public confidence in the justice system which .undermines rule of law and contributes to rising violence. As outlined above, this lack of confidence is driven by a number of factors, from the perceived foreign origin of the system relative to Islamic law and traditional dispute resolution systems, to perceptions of corruption and political manipulation at all levels of the justice system, to the rising crime and insecurity that the justice system seems unable to address, and finally high case delays which hinder access to justice and prevent citizens from using the justice system to address issues of concern.

As far as corruption in the judiciary is concerned, is there a single institution in our country that is free of corruption? There is hardly any accountability in the country; and what is a judge expected to do when he sees that the rulers, and even the superior court judges, roam about scot-free and where the scale of corruption runs into billions. What is a poor judge, earning less than Rs 35,000 a month, expected to do in an environment where a billion-dollar case is being heard in a court under his jurisdiction. Changing the ranks of judges – calling them first-class magistrates instead of third-class – and installing computers in the court rooms is not going to improve the system.

Just consider the budget for the police and the Rangers. The budgetary allocation for the police, whose job is mainly to assist the judiciary in the dispensation of justice in criminal matters, has increased to at least 20 times more than that of the judiciary. The picture gets more complicated when the budget allocated to the judiciary is not released on time. This severely affects its performance.To make the judiciary really effective as the guardian of people’s rights. Unfortunately, this has not happened in Pakistan. To be the real guardian of people’s rights, the judiciary should ensure the people’s participation in the dispensation of justice. There is a dire need to establish a strong liaison between the judicial police and the courts.
La Macarena.VS Tribals areas of Pakistan.
La Macarena is a microcosm of the governance challenges posed by no institutionalized Colombia. It is located on a mountain outcropping, the Serranía de La Macarena, in the Meta department, 4 hours travel by land, and located some 200 kilometers southeast of Bogotá. About 100,000 people live there, with many arriving as colonists as recently as the 1970s. It is one of the most biologically rich regions of the world, so much so that the Colombian government established three national parks to safeguard the lora and fauna.

Nonetheless, the decades-long absence of state authority allowed the FARC to consolidate control and use this land to grow 6.5 crops per year of coca (as opposed to 2 crops expected in other parts of the country), thereby producing over 200 metric tons of cocaine per year, or nearly 40 percent of Colombia’s total production. During this period, La Macarena was literally the bank of the FARC.

The population in the area is characterized by high levels of poverty, violence, and criminality; lack of property titles; and high levels of illiteracy, malnutrition, and disease. At the same time, “The access of local citizens to Colombia’s judicial system is very poor.” However, beginning in 2007, under the Program called “The Plan of Integral Consolidation for La Macarena,” the Colombian government undertook
an ambitious interagency effort to achieve security and institutional control, strengthening of local government and participation by civil society; eradication of illegal crops and the development of a legal economy .

First, after establishing security, the government is now inserting technicians, engineers, police, prosecutors, social workers, and policy managers to “transform a lawless backwater into something resembling a functioning part of Colombia.”Even so, more work needs to be done to build infrastructure such as roads, an electrification and communications grid, schools, medical facilities, and legitimate agricultural pursuits and markets.

The Washington Post reports that progress is very encouraging.We had to find a way to solve the security problem and the coca problem at the same time because they feed off each other. It is coming back from the brink of a feared implosion and moving in the right Direction. Greater public security is now established and violence is signiicantly reduced; over 30,000 paramilitaries have been demobilized, disarmed, and are being reintegrated; and the FARC is on the defensive, sustaining serious battleield reverses in recent years.

Colombia is a paradigm for the future in many respects that are worth studying, especially the rule of Law, governance, and security. It is the best ongoing Laboratory for democratic state building. For example, its apparent success in establishing territorial control and protecting the population may provide lessons for establishing security in Pakistan, recognizing the vast differences between the two countries and their societies .

The North West Frontier Province (NWFP), the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA), and Balochistan are witnessing large-scale violence and insurrections. Violence also increasingly afflicts parts of Punjab, Sindh, and the Gilgit-Baltistan region. In year 2003 - when Pakistan was already being viewed as a place of instability and widespread strife - total fatalities in terrorism-related violence amounted to just 189. By 2004, this number had risen to 863, to slide marginally to 648 in 2005, but mount dramatically thereafter to the unprecedented minimum of 6,715 killed in 2008. Pakistan, 2003- 2008. SF Personnel death is 1865.Terrorist -6325.Civilan-5291.Total-13485.Colombia has Average death toll is 3000 people,but Pakistan has 2700 average toll death due to terrorist activities.

Within FATA, violence is reported from all the seven Agencies - Bajaur, Mohmand, Khyber, Orakzai, Kurram, North Waziristan, and South Waziristan - in varying degrees. The continuing instability in neighbouring. After Waziristan, Bajaur is arguably the most significant stronghold of the militants, who have entrenched themselves in the area, transforming the Agency into a nerve centre of the Taliban - al Qaeda network. Sources indicate that foreign al Qaeda militants - including Chechens, Uzbek, Tajik, Sudanese and Afghans - are converging on Bajaur to bolster the ranks of the jihadis. These foreigners are reportedly leading counter-attacks, since local militants alone were having difficulties confronting the Army action.

The Taliban, led by 'commander' Abdul Wali alias Omar Khalid, has near-complete control in the Mohmand Agency.. One of the most influential Taliban leaders after Baitullah Mehsud and Maulvi Faqir, sources indicate that Khalid, who claims to have more than 3,000 fighters with him, has strong links with some Kashmiri militant groups. It is during 2008 that the Pakistani Taliban made a surge in the Mohmand Agency, where they now run a parallel state, implementing the Sharia (Islamic law), largely under duress

Bajaur Agency alone has generated more than 400,000 refugees since September 22, 2008. the Taliban from Khyber began to extend support to their brethren in the NWFP and to threaten the supply lines of NATO forces stationed in Afghanistan. Baitullah Mehsud's fighters have now established at least nine centres in Jamrud and Landikotal, with at least one of these centres located no more than 10 kilometers from the NWFP capital, Peshawar. The state's withdrawal is tangible. While senior officials seldom venture into any of the Agencies, the administration virtually lives at the mercy of the militants and is unable to exercise any real authority. January 16, 2009, that there were approximately 15,000 militants in the tribal belt, who had no dearth of rations, ammunition and equipment. a militant was normally given PKR 6,000 to PKR 8,000 per month while their leaders got PKR 20,000 to 30,000 per month.

The Swat District January 19, 2009, after a year of military operations, the territory controlled by militants has increased from 25 per cent to 75 per cent,due to negation. The Tehreek-e-Nafaz-e-Shariat-e-Mohammadi (TNSM) was founded in 1992 with the objective of a militant enforcement of Sharia (Islamic law). the total number of IDPs estimated at 3,783,380 people in 2009 just in Malakand areas.

The militant strong hold . FATA has 11 district and total area is 27220 sq km. Bajaur Agency- 1290, Kurram Agency-3280, Mohmand Agency-2296, Khybar Agency-2576, North Waziristan Agency-4707, South Waziristan Agency-6620, Orakzai Agency,1538 Sq Km. MALAKAND-952- Swat- 8788- Dir-5282, Buner district- 1,865 square kilometers.Shangla district - 1586 square kilometers.

In 2001, the Taliban and al-Qaeda began entering into the region. 80,000 Pakistani troops entered the FATA in March 2004 to search for al-Qaeda operatives. They were met with fierce resistance from the Taliban.It was not the elders, but the Taliban who negotiated a Truce with the army, giving an indication of the extent to which the Taliban had taken controlEight more times between 2004 and 2006 troops entered the region, into South Waziristan and North Waziristan, and faced further Taliban resistance. Peace Accords entered into in 2004 and 2006 set terms whereby the tribesmen in the area would stop attacking Afghanistan and the Pakistanis would halt major military actions against the FATA, release all prisoners and permit tribesmen to carry small guns

In 2007, Pakistan saw an increase of poppy cultivation. Roughly 2,315 hectares were cultivated in 2007 compared to cultivation of approximately 1,908ha in 2006. Over 600ha were eradicated. In 2008 the tribal belt where militant activity is a continuous threat, 2,315ha were cultivated .In 2009 poppy is being cultivated on 4,000 hectares of land in Pakistan in the current year.Poppy cultivation in the country had shot up from 213ha in 2001 to 7,571ha in 2004. The government responded with forceful eradication campaigns, destroying 4,400ha in 2004. Pakistan reversed the trend in 2005 and 2006, reducing the poppy harvest after eradication to 1,549 ha by 2006.

With 1,962 personnel, it was not possible for the ANF to curb drug trafficking. Without the help of the Frontier Constabulary (FC) and army, the provincial governments could not eradicate poppy cultivation, as the security forces were engaged in fighting the war against terrorism

Most of the Afghan borders with Pakistan are wide open, enabling low-risk smuggling back and forth across the Durand Line, especially in Balochistan. Almost no drugs are seized in the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) although thousands of tons transit the region. Abuse of the Afghan Trade Transit Agreement (ATTA) as well as exploitation of centuries-old kinship ties, have turned the Afghanistan/Pakistan border – already known for the unimpeded movements of insurgents-- into a massive illicit free trade zone of drugs, chemicals precursor, money, people and weapons. rates of interception of the opiate lows in the Islamic Republic of Iran (20%) and in Pakistan (17%) . The value of the opiate trade in Pakistan is estimated at US $ 1 billion annually, some of which likely goes to Pakistan-based insurgents

Part 2nd about Pakistan, Tribal areas and Presence of Judiciary, drugs business, TTP, Lesson from Colombian war on Terror.Mussraf (President of Pakistan) concession to TTP and Uribe (President of Colombia) to FARC ,same case study but different result.
Usman karim based in Lahore Pakistan lmno25@hotmail.com

@lmno250

Put your source please.

what type of source you want plz?