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  #61  
Old Sunday, April 21, 2013
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Unstoppable dimension in suicide bombings


It is hard to imagine that a banned Islamic militants’ outfit, mostly comprising the most religious Pushtun community, can use a young woman to explode human bomb in Bajour agency to meet its agenda. Yet it has happened for the second time in the tribal areas. The first it occurred in December 2010, when burqa-clad woman blew up her explosives at a United Nations Food distribution point in Khar, killing 45 people. The Taliban claimed responsibility of that suicide attack by a woman in the agency. On Saturday, another female suicide bomber, in her early 20s, detonated her explosives outside a hospital in Khar, the main town in the restive Bajaur tribal region, killing at four people dead. Local authorities have found the attacker’s head and legs, and are conducting a detailed investigation. Bajaur is one of seven districts in tribal belt, where Taliban militants have carved out strongholds thus Taliban’s involvement in the latest act of the suicide bombing in Bajour agency cannot be ruled out though the TTP is yet take the responsibility of the bombing.

The eye-brows are being raised if Taliban’s morale has gone down so low to rely on their female colleagues to carry their missions. Contrary to all social developments, a young woman can opt to explode in a public place is a new phenomenon, which is not easily digestible under existing culture and traditions. Not easy to detect the female suicide bombing has emerged on the horizon. Regardless of responsibility of the latest bombing episode, the new form of terrorism is the most deadly way to unleash ha voc on human life and property. The police or the political administration will find difficult to detect movement of the female bombers as no administrative measure can be put in place to physically check every female wading streets and roads despite the fact police posts are operative in every nook and corner of the country. Islam does not allow physical inspection and checking of the female members of any family. Even non-Muslim in Pakistan cannot tolerate the physical search of their families; because it is considered sheer disgusting, humiliating and embarrassing under the social norms thus the female suicide bombers will infuse new headache for the law enforcing agencies and the policy-makers alike.

Answers to this problem may be many yet the unabated terrorist attacks in the FATA and in other parts of the country are strengthening the general belief that the terrorism is far from being over, and the counter terrorism strategy adopted by the armed forces against Taliban is either weak or ineffective thus has failed curb militants’ advances in Khyber agency and in the settled areas especially Peshawar. Of late, Taliban are frequently hitting their political rivals-cum-targets in the provincial capital of the Khyberpakhtunkhwa, and the security agencies are reeling absolutely clueless. The only satisfaction and the consolation that the nation gets every now and then come from the repeated vows and the announcement from the Chief of Army Staff that Pakistan is fully capable of responding effectively to internal and external threats. The fact is that Pakistan army is concentrating hard on the problem it is facing on the internal front though it is yet to achieve the desired results in the last five years or so. Pakistan has suffered massive loss of life. Still the end to it is not insight. The Pakistan army is bravely fighting against ruthless enemy but the weak political leadership has repeatedly suffered setbacks on the diplomatic front. The time for the compromised approach towards the militants’ activism is gone. The foreign funding for the banned outfits, fighting against the state, is continuously pouring in, and the political leadership in the past and even the caretaker government has failed to take up the issue at every available forum. The crucial election date is approaching fast amidst growing threat of terrorism. The civil and military leadership should put their heads together to chalk out a consensus security mechanism against the terrorism. Apart from taking on the militants only, all the political parties should also play their due role against terrorism of all sorts, and the provincial governments—notably Punjab--should also purge their houses altogether, failing which the innocent people will continue to fall down like dried leaves. International community should take notice of foreign interference in the country before the terrorists spread the deadly activities across the globe.

http://www.thefrontierpost.com/category/46/
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  #62  
Old Tuesday, April 23, 2013
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Extremism vs extremism - the Boston boys analogy

Muhammad Feyyaz


Boston marathon blast on 15 April killed four and injured many of US citizens. The perpetrators brothers suspected to carry out the attacks identified as Chechens immigrants, have been characterized by news accounts as nigh incongruent to each other in ideological and social outlook.

The 26 years aged older brother subsequently died in a shootout with police while the younger sibling was finally captured alive by federal law enforcement agencies. In profiling the two, the killed suspect Tamerlan has been portrayed to have espoused religious bent, whereas Dzhokhar Tsarnaev the younger suspect has been described by the acquaintances as liberal, secular and socially active individual besides being an outstanding university student. The pair projects a typical master-follower relationship wherein for multiple factors including biological reasons. The two brothers hailed from a working middle class background and had the privilege of exposure to highly if not most informed social environment in the world which underscores the degree of vulnerability and potential of readiness among youth from any society to assimilate hate narrative with little persuasion by those who do not have its best interests at heart. The underlying motive to execute this violent attack is yet unclear; Dzhokhar’s image however provides a relevant case study for Pakistani context.

Youth in Pakistan including juveniles employed by militant groups as child soldiers, informants, explosive carriers or suicide bombers, not to mention approximately ten million children working as child labourers across the country constitutes nearly 40 % of the total population. The most widely discussed risk associated with Pakistan’s demographic profile is the threat of millions of young, impoverished, and unemployed, succumbing to the blandishments of extremism. Apart from least developed and semigoverned regions marred by socioeconomic disparities and religious orthodoxy, it is no secret that college, university and madrasah students from major urban centres provide the armed groups their principal conflict capital. A recent survey by Ayesha Siddiqa comprising large youth sampling from 15 elite universities of the country from Karachi, Lahore and Islamabad has revealed that latent extremism is not confined to less educated and poor segment of the society, it resides more firmly among youth from affluent classes. The research has also indicated perversion of budding studentship into hateful mindsets by insidious ingredients of text books especially in public schools through a focus on a particular brand of heroism, myths and distorted historical facts.

Tamerlan-Dzhokhar’s analogy seen from the perspective of frustrated and disillusioned youth cohorts in Pakistan who are chronically plagued by identity crisis, inequity, lack of intellect and materialism, supplies a useful lens to develop insights encompassing likely scenarios of youth extremism as well as possible pathways for resolution of challenges confronted by them. Regardless of social standing, a key conclusion is the entrenched existence in Pakistan of an explosive sprawl of younger citizenry yearning for an alternative paradigm of hope and material aggrandizement. While this in itself is sufficient to point out presence of huge catch prone to embrace antisocial messages as well as menacing indicator of youth’s future course; more important is the proximity of effective inspirational impact of large scale elder familial siblings on to the impressionable minds of their adolescent kin and kith. A few precedents measurably exemplifies this orientation e.g., Al-Qaida linked doctor Ahmed Javed Khawaja and his businessman brother Khawaja Naveed from Karachi, Lal Masjid fame Maulana Aziz and Ghazi Rasheed, two American brothers of Pakistani descent Raees Alam Qazi, 20, and Sheheryar Alam Qazi, 30 arrested in Fort Lauderdale in Florida during 2012 and Jundullah’s head Abdul malik rigi and his younger brother Abdul hamid rigi who was arrested from Pakistan during 2009. The cohesive leadership cadres of Tehrik-e-Taliban Pakistan also substantively manifest role of blood affinities.

In Pakistan while the extended family is the basis of the social structure and individual identity, the influence sphere spans expansively to enfold also those who are associated based on tribe, caste, kinship and creed which highlights abundance of the impending sympathetic youth population to become extremists. The national action plan lying unimplemented since over a decade and inefficacious youth policy by Zardari’s government has failed to produce required results to address needs of this critical mass to any productive measure. A major reason of flawed policies by the past governments and development sector has been undue emphasis on causes as well as sources generating extremism mainly identified in societal collectivity. The diagnosis is hence symptomatic and lack in substance. To the contrary, the evidence demonstrate dire need to depart from this tradition by replacing it with unifocal attention to the family units, which are the real bastion for both to breed radical or healthy mindsets. A context specific engagement programme beginning with a few pilot areas covering both poor and the affluent may be an entry point to initiate a counter extremism endeavour which should emanate from a carefully structured reformation drive at the national level. Apart from employing religious counters to retrieve misplaced minds, conceptual framework for mainstreaming socially marginalized and intellectually single focused should mainly have recourse to sociopolitical and legal instruments to expand thinking modes into nurturing social functioning that builds consciousness of correlative rights not just as liberties, as powers, and as immunities but also as obligations to safeguard neighbourhood, community, society and the country.

In order to meaningfully engage the terrorist organizations, a key feature of such counter extremism efforts should draw upon concordance strategy By implication. it reveals those of us who claim to be tolerant are in effect in denial and intolerant of providing space to hard realities befalling state and society in Pakistan. Metaphorically the solution lies in countering extremism with extremism, the latter connotes acceptance than repellence by creative, dialectical and argumentative professionalism and inclusive dialogue.

http://www.thefrontierpost.com/category/40/
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  #63  
Old Tuesday, April 23, 2013
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To talk or to balk

Owys Zemir



Talks of talks with the TTP are rife. It seems the ploy of TTP has worked and even old enemies are willing to ‘forgive’ in favour of such talks.

Political parties that had sworn earlier to continue this war for which so many had laid down their lives are now thinking otherwise. Well, probably in some manner, the poor souls of the dead have communicated the futility of their lives. Or has this anything to do with the elections being nigh?

So what are we talking about? Is the TTP serious in throwing down the towel or does the incumbent US withdrawal from Afghanistan has anything to do with it? Has the TTP receded on its terrorism efforts? Have they suffered such great losses that they are willing to renounce their tactics? Or is it a pure longing for peace?

To see through to the answers of the above, we must first answer a few rudimentary questions: First, what has the history of any such talks with TTP been? Second, has the offer of these talks been supported by any recession in their terror activities to show their seriousness? And, what is there to talk about? Finally, what does the TTP stand to gain or lose if it does indeed talk?'

Answers to these basic questions are not too difficult. First, the TTP has never stood by any peace agreements, and how can it do so? For the very means they have adopted to successfully wage their campaign so far has that been of terror and militancy.

Second, the offer for talks should not be mistaken for the offer of a ceasefire, for there has been no recession in the terror tactics of TTP. Indeed, the first mention of these talks was coupled with increased attacks on innocent civilians and law enforcement agency personnel alike.

TTP’s demands are on the line of demanding the sky and getting away with whatever you get in between. Let’s see how practical their demands might be for the Government: They’ve asked for imposition of Shariah, which would not be conceded to. They’ve asked for complete withdrawal of the Armed Forces from the FATA area, the military would not like to transform FATA into a lawless frontier region where it has no authority and allow the TTP to consolidate their gains. They’ve asked for an end to Drone strikes and severing of ties with Washington. At most, even this demand would only result in raising some hue and cry about the drone attacks, and that is about it.

On the other hand, if the Government does decide to talk, what would be its demands? That the TTP renounce terrorism and lay down arms? TTP would not do away with their strategy of terror and militancy as this is what has got them so far. Next on the cards could be consent to the writ of the State in FATA.

This would be unacceptable to TTP as it would deny them a sanctuary and curb their freedom of action. So, could there be a talk of ceasefire, assuming the government is ready to close their eyes on the first two essential demands? Now, dear reader, we seem to be going somewhere….

So if there is nothing real to talk about, why has TTP floated such a call and is now propagating it through their Shura and proposing names of guarantors? Essentially, TTP is demanding something which the Government of Pakistan is in no position to concede to. So what does the TTP gain out of it? Actually, TTP is in a no-lose situation with the offer of these talks. If the Government is even willing to talk, this is a win situation for TTP as it provides them recognition. While, if the Government doesn’t accept their demands (which it cannot), the TTP would claim the Government to be a bunch of infidels who do not want Shariah, do not want to end drone strikes against innocent civilians (we know the TTP’s demand to end drone strikes is for their own freedom of action and not out of a love of civilian lives) and who ascribe to the patronage of kuffar. Furthermore, the TTP can get away with offer of a ceasefire (an offer the Military would hardly subscribe to). Not taxing our memories too much, we can still recall the last time a ceasefire accord was struck with the TTP: they consolidated, restructured and came back stronger, fiercer and meaner. Getting some fellow Taliban freed might even come as fringe benefits.

For the past decade, the TTP has waged devilish terror in the name of their extreme ideals. Their murderous campaign is not only restricted to law enforcement agencies as they’ve ruthlessly murdered countless innocent civilians including women and children. They’ve barbarously slaughtered, tortured, maimed, dismembered and mutilated their captives. They’ve targeted people from all walks of life, especially those who dared to raise a voice against their cruel tactics and mala fide intentions. With a sinister design, they’ve razed schools to the ground, destroyed vital infra-structure, converted peaceful areas to lawless frontiers and pushed areas under their control to the dark ages. They’ve harassed, extorted, killed, oppressed and instilled fear in the hearts and mind of the people. They’ve provided an umbrella to any and all anti-state factions and are prompt in accepting any and all terror incidents, providing them a brand name. No longer an organized single entity, they’re a loose conglomerate of a wide array of sub-groups featuring terrorists, extremists, separatists, hate groups, et al.

To allow the TTP to talk from a position of strength would be fatal. It would compromise the sanctity of countless innocent souls the TTP have mercilessly despatched to the next world and would undermine the efforts and sacrifices of our law enforcement agencies.

The TTP have played their card of “talks” wisely indeed. The timing is nigh perfect. Election season is setting in at home. Albeit slowly, the Afghan peace initiative is moving ahead. The backdrop of US announcement to withdraw from Afghanistan is significant. Pakistan is reaching out with more than its share of efforts for lasting peace in the region. If the Government must talk with the TTP, it must be fully cognizant of appropriate timings and conditions, what ground it is treading upon, what is at stake and what would be the price to pay. Caveat emptor: this could be a perilous deal, if not approached with prudence.

(Owys Zemir is based in Islamabad)


http://www.thefrontierpost.com/category/40/
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  #64  
Old Wednesday, April 24, 2013
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Warlords are killing mankind — II

Mahboob A. Khawaja, PhD

Paul Buchheit (“War or Revolution happen in every 75 Years. It’s Time Again” 06/11/2012) reminds us: “In our ‘civilized’ times people aren’t being run down by noblemen or forced to eat grass. The aristocracy has learned a lot about suppressing crowds in 225 years. But they need to fear the growing revolution. They need to fear, as Dickens put it, “the remorseless sea of turbulently swaying shapes, voices of vengeance, and faces hardened in the furnaces of suffering until the touch of pity could make no mark on them.”
Chris Hedges - author of Empire of Illusion: The End of Literacy and the Triumph of Spectacle (“How to Think”, Common Dreams, 7/9/2012) gives context to the global dilemma:
And here is the dilemma we face as a civilization. We march collectively toward self-annihilation. Corporate capitalism, if left unchecked, will kill us. Yet we refuse, because we cannot think and no longer listen to those who do think, to see what is about to happen to us. We have created entertaining mechanisms to obscure and silence the harsh truths, from climate change to the collapse of globalization to our enslavement to corporate power that will mean our self-destruction. If we can do nothing else we must, even as individuals nurture the private dialogue and the solitude that make thought possible. It is better to be an outcast, a stranger in one’s own country, than an outcast from one’s self. It is better to see what is about to befall us and to resist than to retreat into the fantasies embraced by a nation of the blind.

Professor Camillo “Mac” Bica, School of Visual Arts, New York City and an activist of Peace and Justice (“Atrocity and War”, OpenedNews, 4/28/2010) makes it known in bold words:

“…..while I do not justify nor excuse the actions of these individuals, neither do I seek scapegoats in order to absolve myself of culpability and responsibility as a citizen of a democracy in whose name and with whose tax dollars these atrocities are committed. Consequently, if there is to be condemnation and punishment, let it begin with those whose incompetence and desire for wealth and power make war inevitable and unnecessary; whose apathy allows the slaughter to continue; and whose blind allegiance, misguided patriotism, or utopian idealism hamper their ability to understand and appreciate the true reality and nature of war and its tragic and profound effects upon the warrior. We must see through the mythology, the lies and the deceptions, and understand that all who become tainted by war are victims. Consequently, we must recognize as well, that their culpability must be mitigated and that we all share responsibility and blame for the inevitable atrocities of war.”

More than a decade earlier, George Bush invaded Iraq and Afghanistan under a false pretext of combating “terrorism.” The only known terrorism that the US and its hired former colonial Europeans are leading against the innocent people of Iraq, Afghanistan and the tribal belts of Pakistan. None of the perpetrators of these wars of aggression are held accountable by the humanity except of the few - George W. Bush and Tony Blair indicted for war crimes in Iraq by an International Tribunal in Malaysia but not punished. Nobody seems to be pursuing any rational course of plan to enhance global peace and understanding amongst different cultures and civilizations or the need to stop the bogus Wars on Terrorism and help the humanity to return to normal setting of co-existence. To shield his broken pledges for change- “Yes We Can” and to uplift the US public morale after his re-election, President Obama wants troops’ withdrawal from Afghanistan with honor and dignity. Killing of the fellow human beings and genocidal acts in Iraq and Afghanistan cannot offer any dignity to the warmongers. The US led NATO forces are killing the civilians without any stoppage and rethinking. The US and some Europeans are living in a state of paranoid thinking, and fail to see the prevalent realities and reactions of the global masses against their warmongering. The Western world is terribly naďve in its approach to warmongering against the poor, deprived and divided mankind in other parts of the developing world. History has a role to teaching and learning which is denied by the global war strategists. All wars are the outcome of anti-human thinking and cruelty and none can or will bring peace and security to the mankind. After the Two WW, the Europeans have learned it in a hard way but American political minds are trying to escape the prevalent truth. Those who try to overrun the humanity, do get overtrumped by their vicious plans.
Hitler and Mussolini experienced it and so did the former USSR and so many other tyrannical empires. Every beginning has its end. This is the Law of God that no worldly materialistic or political power can change or challenge. All wars intrinsically lead to self-defeat and self-destruction. Those nations or a people claiming to be most powerful on the visual screen is not a reality but a delusional imagery - falsification of truth carved up by the political propagandists and hired media agents of influence. The historical record clearly demonstrates that whenever great powers went haunting the large segments of the mankind in farfetched lands, it is usually the end game of their role-play in global affairs. America and its allied Europeans live in constant FEAR that soon they will be replaced by others - the natural course of history.

The global community is informed, mature and vigilant, and no single nation can dare to use weapons of mass destruction unilaterally and defy the dire consequences of self annihilation and destruction. American leadership knows it well too. So what is this all fuss about? What is this nonsense of nuclear weapons development in Iran? Imagine, if the Shah, the absolute king of Iran was alive and buying the weapons from the US, would America move to strangle Iran? No, certainly NOT. The dead Shah was a fraternal friend during the time of seven America Presidents. Isn’t this another myth of the continued bogus War on Terrorism raged on the false pretext of the WMD in Iraq? Paul Craig Roberts (“the Next War on Washington’s Agenda.” PaulCraigRoberts.org 01/12/2012), has offered a rational context to the current problem:

“We, as Americans, need to ask ourselves what this is all about. Why is our government so provocative toward Islam, Russia, China and Iran? What purpose, whose purpose is being served? Certainly not ours... Where do we go from here? If not to nuclear destruction, Americans must wake up.”

(Dr. Mahboob A. Khawaja specializes in global security, peace and conflict resolution with keen interests in Islamic-Western comparative cultures and civilizations)

http://www.thefrontierpost.com/category/40/
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  #65  
Old Wednesday, April 24, 2013
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Boston lock down


Islamophobia not the answer to US fears

As some have pointed out, there is barely anything to be said about the Boston Marathon blasts, as no evidence as to who did them has been provided. Two Chechen brothers were identified as the suspects but neither has the motive for the attack nor a group behind the attack been identified. With one of the brothers dead after a gun battle on Friday and the other arrested – albeit covered with blood – on Saturday, perhaps no further details shall come out of the matter. The themes of media and public analysis remain the same: recurring Islamophobia, sympathy for the victims, and the US being under a perpetual terror threat from within and without. The expected response would also be the same: another spate of hate crimes against ethnic browns in the US, another spate of wars abroad in newer territories and more pressure on foreign governments to reign in terrorists.

According to the details that have emerged the two suspects were US citizens, who had been living in the US for over a decade. If proven they were involved, it would require a detailed investigation as to what the apparent target of the Marathon attack was. Perhaps, more than the attack, the lockdown of the Boston area for the manhunt, which left a police officer stationed at the MIT campus dead has left a bitter aftertaste. That thousands of police officers were scavenging across Boston, with the entire public transport system shut, businesses asked not to open, also reflects an overreaction to the incident. Their father, based in Makhachakala in Russia, described the two boys as “angels,” with one of them a second-year medical student. That the police chase began after the two suspects “robbed a convenience store” should also open up some questions.

That said, President Barack Obama’s promise to “find out what turned two young US residents accused of the Boston bombings to violence” is merely rhetorical. It is impossible that he does not know the answer, only that his rhetoric before his 2008 election was not followed up in concrete policy. While, on the one side, the attack is a reminder of the threat the West faces, on the other side, it is a reminder of the futility of the current aggressive foreign policy. The use of force produces more resistance. Increasingly airport vigilance or increasing the scrutiny of those visiting the US shall not help. The point rather is for the US to concentrate on identifying the grievances of the East – and in particular the Muslim world. Spreading Islamophobia, as is being done by hawks inside the US establishment, shall produce more – not less – conflict within the US and in the world.

- See more at: http://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/2013....7AqfLEJy.dpuf
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Old Thursday, April 25, 2013
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Surge of extremism in KP and FATA

Khubaib Usmani


Islam Bibi, mother of three sons has already lost her two sons to extremists and now searching for her third son who is under the custody of Pakistan Army. “My youngest son was only 12 years old when I lost my contact with her,” she said. She thanked Allah Almighty that her sons did not harm anybody. Because of the war in Swat she migrated to Peshawar in 2009 and again returned to her home town in 2010. She appealed to the authorities either to release her son or send him to rehabilitation centre.

Pakistan is at a crucial juncture of its history as it struggles to contain rising extremism, achieve political stability, and uphold the rule of law. Plagued by internal conflict, lagging economic development, and increasing violence the word ‘Pakistan’ has become synonymous with insecurity, lawlessness and terrorism and we have become a laughing stock among the comity of nations. Inflation is rife and there are no job creations. Higher Education Commission that once worked wonders and served as a role model for other regional countries to emulate has come to its knees due to unavailability of funds. The power shortage is at its worst and our GDP growth rate is lower than Nepal. The concept of ‘strategic depth’ has done more harm than good to us. Only recently Pakistani army, in one of its internal meeting admitted that country is more prone to internal than external threats. The people of Khyber Pukhtunkhwa and FATA in particular have been the worst victims of extremism and terrorism and the consequences of this crisis have seriously undermined any effort to ensure long-term stability, prosperity, human rights and gender equality in the area.

Though people of Khyber Pukhtunkhwa and FATA are known for their epic struggle against foreign masters, such lawlessness and terrorism has been unheard of in the modern history. The resistance in Khyber-Pukhtunkhwa dates back to the era when the British came to Malakand and Buner; the British were taken as infidels and local tribes attacked them under the banner of Islam. British and Indian troops launched crackdown against the Pathan tribes of Swat, Bajaur and Buner. In 1897 the North West Frontier of India erupted in warfare as the tribes along the border attacked British garrisons and Indian villages; the reaction to this was a series of incursions by the British into tribal territory in 1897 and 1898. Numbers of Muslim mullahs in the independent tribal regions along the border of India preached ‘jihad’ against the British. The first incident in the series of uprisings was the action at Maizar in the Tochi Valley where on 10th June 1897 the inhabitants of a group of Madda Khel villages attacked a small British force.

Coming back to present day ugly reality, the recent wave of extremism has changed everything for people of Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa who wake up to unending bomb blasts, suicide attacks and incidents of indiscriminate firing every morning. The worst part is that now terrorist activities are taking their toll on the innocent minds of children of Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa as boys in a recent drawing competition drew scenes of post bomb blast destruction and rescue services and girls deliberately maimed dolls and portrayed them as victim of suicide blast. So many homes no longer have male members older than 13, and have thus lost their breadwinners in a culture where women are often unable to go out to earn a living. Their men have made ‘abode’ in ‘other world’ as they were told it was worth dying for a holy cause. Still there were some men who became target of suicide bombing and left their loved ones at the mercy of government authorities whose indifference towards plight of the public is unmatched.

An objective analysis of the horrendous situation depicts the fact that locals are also responsible for this sorry state; contrary to the perception that women are peace loving, they actually ended up heavily supporting Mullah Radio Fazaullah in Swat who wrote new history of barbarism and oppression.

Still, this is a sad reality that women from JUI, JI and other religious outfits are strongly opposed to the idea of gender equality. Seminaries are bastions of extremism and fifty percent of them are women seminaries. Alas extremism is being targeted at symptom level but no attempt is being made to go beyond that and find out its root causes.
In a splendid survey conducted by a Trust in Peshawar, Charsadda, Swat and Mohmand Agency on the subject of moderating extremism, bad governance, corruption and subjugation to foreign masters had been termed the root causes of trouble. The survey also revealed that foreign support of conservative religious institutions and the anti-Soviet mujahedeen had several unintended consequences in Pakistan including the propagation of radical ideologies and the influx of weapons into the region. Credible media sources reveal new groups that are hardliners and sectarian in nature are also being funded by Gulf States and Pakistan has actually become a battleground for Iran-Saudi Arabia hostility. The current wave of insurgency has played havoc with social fabric of society. This self-abnegated society has become object of obloquy because of its own set of choices.

Abstract solution to this problem may exist here and there but what we require is a durable and sustainable solution. Inordinate delay in providing justice gives way to wanton designs by the victims. Justice delayed is justice denied; every effort must be paid to provide cheap and rapid justice to litigants. Taliban shrewdly exploited this factor and rode on public sympathy wave as they provided quick and speedy justice to people in strife torn Swat valley. Then this concept of strategic Depth did more harm than good to Pakistan. It is time now that our LEAs and security establishment pay heed to internal threats especially in KPK, FATA and Balochistan rather than becoming India and Afghanistan centric.

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Chilling crimes and reactions

April 25, 2013
Atle Hetland




When chilling crimes happen, our reactions are chilling too. There are terrorist attacks, mass murders, and crimes against humanity. There are gruesome crimes against individual men, women and children. Crimes are part of our own societies and cultures. The way we react to crimes tell us who we are.

Just 10 days ago, bombs were detonated at the Boston Marathon sports event in USA, killing three people and injuring dozens; some still in critical condition in hospital. One of the alleged perpetrators was killed by the police and the other seriously injured. An uncle of the two brothers was quick to disown his nephews although he had not seen them for many years. He said they were losers, but one was actually a medical student.

The mother defended them, as a mother and any other close relative should do, and she claimed they had been set up.

The media was quick to tell us that the brothers were immigrants from south-eastern Europe and that they were Muslims, and there were speculations about their travels abroad and possible contact with international terrorist networks. Yet, the brothers grew up and went to school in America, so then they are Americans, mostly at least, whether they were well-integrated or not, and there are millions of American Muslims.

The way the American authorities reacted to the terrible crimes at the Boston Marathon was chilling; indeed, based on the TV pictures and reports we received. The reaction was scary and extreme and disaster-like; people were advised to stay indoors; all modern arms and technology were used to track down whoever it was who was behind the terrible crimes. The true meaning of the word ‘manhunt’ came out.

Quite soon, the two accused brothers were identified, and no mercy was shown; one was killed and the other seriously injured. He seems to survive, but he will either be imprisoned for life or given the death penalty. Yesterday, it was reported that the prosecutors consider the bombs used to be ‘weapons of mass destruction’.

How can America and its most ‘sophisticated and liberal’ city change colour so fast? Or, maybe it wasn’t change of colour? Maybe this is the result of the hype that was created after 9/11 and has been kept since? The bomb crime in Boston was chilling, but the reaction is no less chilling.

I must hasten to add that America is also a great country, Massachusetts is a great state, and Boston is a great city, inter alia, with some of the best universities in the world and many admirable democratic traditions. And I would like to underline that President Barack Obama’s speeches and statements after the recent events were quite balanced.
Let us compare the tragedy in America with terrorist bomb explosions in Pakistan. Are they not as terrible as the Boston Marathon tragedy? Are the innocent people here, also when drone attacks hit them, not as valuable as those in the world’s superpower?

Of course, they are, but not in the eyes of the strong and powerful in the world we live in. Sadly, justice is on the terms of the winners. As civilised people, we should speak up against the short and long term consequences of such injustice.

In 2011, Norway experienced a terrible crime committed by a misguided ethnic Norwegian, Anders Behring Breivik. The crime was in magnitude even worse than the one in Boston recently. However, the Norwegian authorities reacted in a more appropriate way than the Americans, underlining that the way to get over and beyond the tragedy would be to become more inclusive, not to use power and punishment in an overkill manner.

Sadly, also in Norway, the perpetrator’s father was quick to disown his son, unwittingly showing his own stunted feelings, leading one to wonder if the perpetrator had, probably, grown up in a dysfunctional and broken family situation.

Criminologists, with psychologists and other social scientists, study the individual characteristics of the criminals and the social conditions they have grown up and lived in, and they study how justice should be applied, to be fair to the perpetrators, the victims and the society at large. They also study forms of fair and humane punishment and rehabilitation, and many other related issues.

It is important that we consider criminality in a society in a broad context and that we try to understand the many aspects that lead to crimes, and that our actions lead to more or less violence and crime. I assume that we all want less crime, yet, we often accept and promote systems that may actually lead to more violence, crime, exclusion and suffering of the weak and misguided.

In India, gruesome rape and murder cases against women and girls have been brought to international attention recently. Although the perpetrators must be brought to book, we should also discuss why such criminal acts happen. Sadly, we will realise that some of the sexual violence against women is directly and indirectly condoned and accepted by the society.

We should focus more on debating crime in society in a way that also takes the perpetrators’ backgrounds and views into account. Perpetrators are victims, too, including those who are behind terrorist attacks. And they are products of the society and time they live in. Perpetrators belong to the larger culture we all are part of. And often, they belong to subcultures that may have gone astray. We should watch out for loners and the lack of inclusiveness of any person or groups in a community.

Difficult as it is, we should admit that criminals in a society belong to that very society. They are sometimes individual ‘bad apples’, as we say, but even in such cases, the society cannot just disown them wholesale.

If we want to see less criminality in any society, we must pose soul-searching questions to the leaders and members of the society, and also look into our own hearts. We must evaluate the institutions and organisations in the society. We must evaluate the values and attitudes of all, and put better preventive measures in place. The perpetrators are also victims, and indeed, their families and friends. It is too easy just to make them into monsters entirely different from the rest of us.

The writer is a senior Norwegian social scientist with experience from research, diplomacy and development aid.

http://www.nation.com.pk/pakistan-ne...inions/columns
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What is terrorism?


Laura Beth Nielsen


The Boston Marathon bombing once again has Americans asking, "Is this terrorism?" And more broadly, "What is terrorism?"

We asked ourselves those questions the moment we heard the news. Our news anchors asked for the next 24 hours (though they were clear to say at first that they did not know if it was terrorism). President Obama - thankfully - was careful not to use the word in his first press conference on the day of the bombings. But later on the following day - on April 16 - Obama said, "Any time bombs are used to target civilians, it is an act of terrorism."

What does it mean when we say something is "terrorism" and why does it matter?

As a professor of Sociology and Law, I study how ordinary people understand the law and how the law itself, including law's categories and terms affect how people understand the world around them.

Using terms like "terrorism" shapes what ordinary people expect of the police, the justice system and our government. It affects what kind of punishment we want and the level of fear we feel about what is going on around us.

But what is terrorism? The most obvious definition is that terrorism is a crime meant to terrorise. We know what these kinds of crimes are: they are the kind that make us afraid to send our children to school, like Columbine; make us afraid to go to work, like 9/11; or make us afraid even just to spend beautiful spring day competing with our friends competing in a footrace.

Components of terrorism

And yet, we do not tend to think of Columbine as a terrorist act. It was a couple of kids with serious mental health problems and illegal access to guns and ammunition. Similarly, when some unknown person or persons poisoned a few bottles of Tylenol in Chicago in 1982, the US was terrorised. We do not tend to think of that incident as "terrorism", however. Why? Perhaps it is because we do not know the motivation of the criminal(s) since they have never been caught. Or, it could be because, despite the nation-wide response, the crime was most likely committed by an individual placing the poison in bottles already on store shelves.

Terrorising, therefore, is clearly not the only component of terrorism.

Maybe terrorism requires crimes committed for political reasons. The FBI admits there is no "standard, accepted definition of terrorism", but this is what constitutes terrorism for the FBI because US law defines terrorism as, "the unlawful use of force and violence against persons or property to intimidate or coerce a government, the civilian population, or any segment thereof, in furtherance of political or social objectives" (28 CFR Section 0.85).

So many crimes meet this definition but that we would not call "terrorism". When a woman kills her husband because the police don't believe he is capable of domestic violence and won't protect her, it is a personal act of safety and a political act designed to change society.

When civil rights activists led by Rev Martin Luther King, Jr, illegally marched in the streets or sat at lunch counters marked "whites only", to help topple Jim Crow and transition the US into the modern era, they were most certainly using force for a political agenda. Called terrorists at the time, civil rights activists disavowed violence, but certainly used force and violence erupted. ACT UP famously brought HIV/AIDS to public and political notice by assaulting politicians by spilling real and fake blood on them in public places. While disruptive and unsettling at the time, was this terrorism? They were called terrorists at the time. Terrorising plus force plus political or social motives does not always constitute terrorism, therefore. Is terrorism defined by criminal action plus violence plus affiliation with some sort of group? Violent al-Qaeda actions clearly qualify as terrorism, but what about the Atlanta Olympic bomber Eric Rudolph? He was part of a political and social movement by his own admission. He was dedicated to illustrating the godlessness of the US.
President Clinton labelled the bombing "an evil act of terror" the day after the bombing, although it took months to determine that Rudolph did it and even longer to find him. His movement rejected him, and while the Olympics and the US more generally were "terrorised", he was not convicted of "terrorism". And yet, the Atlanta bombing always comes up as an example of domestic terrorism, Rudolph was an extremist rejected by his own extremist religious organisations. He had political motives, but they largely existed in his mind alone.

Using the word 'terrorist'

Similarly, Timothy McVeigh and his co-conspirators (a total of four) were part of the "militia movement" but there was no real organised group supporting that destructive crime. They had beliefs that originated in and resonated with particular movements, but they did not represent that movement.

On April 16, President Obama offered that, "anytime bombs are used to target innocent civilians, it is an act of terrorism" which provides another possibility: that terrorism is related to the type of force used. Public bombings, then, would always constitute terrorism. But how does this help us understand what is going on here? And why is a knife any different than a bomb if the effect is similar?

One reason to use the word "terrorist" is simply pragmatic. When the police say this incident will be "investigated and treated like terrorism", it could indicate that more sophisticated resources will be brought to bear to find the perpetrator(s). A major industry certainly has developed around terrorism experts, responders and planners which may or may not be keeping us safer.

What work is the word "terrorism" doing in these conversations? Is it helping us to make sense of things or is it subtly becoming a kind of shorthand for the people we do not like and the motives that are unfavourable? Terrorism has come to signify race and religion though everyone is careful not to say so.

I am not the first person to question the definition and use of this word, but, like most Americans, I want to know who did this and why. And I want them brought to justice because on April 17, in Boston, a bomber or bombers committed multiple heinous murders and attempted murders. He, she or they endangered lives in public, committed assault, possession of explosives, and a host of crimes that District Attorneys are itching to charge. And right now, the use of the word "terrorism" is not helping us get there.

http://www.weeklycuttingedge.com/
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Seeking an end to terrorists funding


Notwithstanding the deaths and injuries the terrorists' caused on Friday, the scorecard of terrorists' strikes in Pakistan reads: two explosions took place one each in Hangu and Kohat's Dhoda area; a cracker bomb was thrown at an Awami National Party (ANP) National Assembly candidate in Landhi; and a convoy of Jamiat Ulema-i-Islam-Fazl (JUI-F) in Mach faced gunfire from the militants. In Islamabad, an advisory issued by the Intelligence agencies claims that the Tahrik-e-Taliban Pakistan has reportedly made a comprehensive plan to kidnap former President Pervez Musharraf for which it has constituted different teams. This is not the first time that the intelligence agencies through its mouth-piece the interior ministry have made revelations, predicting more bomb blasts and suicide attacks in various parts of the country.

Some of these predictions, during the period of the previous regime even came true, giving the former interior minister Rehman Malik a chance to brag. But practically, the non-stop chatter of Rehman Malik miserably failed to counter or to foil the attacks he had predicted. Thus the militants gained a significant strength in the previous regime, leaving him with the title of 'motor-mouth'. He is gone. Hopefully he will never come back but the spirit of modus lingers on in the ministry. The ministry still believes in telling the people about the information it gathers. It is not the ministry's job to tell people about terrorists' plan; rather, its prime duty is to protect the people from the destruction the terrorists wreak. Mere vague predictions of the coming evil without any effective plan to make them not come true, create panic and better when avoided. The repeated failure of the government agencies in performing their duties has rendered the entire country vulnerable to the terrorists. Numerically terrorists' ratio to the Pakistan military might is insignificant but the militants' tactical planning, conviction and courage to execute what they believe in is arguably far more superior. The militants, on both sides of the Durand Line, strike at will the Pak security forces' check posts, kidnap the personnel there with the dreaded outcome of finding the slaughtered bodies of the abducted personnel on the roadsides. All these incidents are not mere acts of terrorism rather it is a proxy war that the Blackwater agents and their cronies have unleashed on Pakistan. Islamabad should take up the matter with the USA leadership in categorical terms to seek an end to the foreign support and funding to the terrorist outfits, failing which Pakistan cannot win against militancy, otherwise, Islamabad would need to revisit its policy on the war on terror. In fact, Pakistan must withdraw its support and cooperation to the foreign forces in Afghanistan till they stop backing the militants operating in Pakistan.

Our forces have been stretched to the limit; yet, they are putting up a brave fight. The patience of the people, however, is running short, and the time is not far when the people of Pakistan first will throw out the American stooges sitting in the corridors of power and then stand up against meddling of the foreign forces in the country. The masses have already turned back on all the coalition partners-ANP, PPP and the MQM--who had served Americans' interests in the region without caring much about the loss of human life and material that Pakistan suffered during last five years or so. The verdict of the people is already in the form of 'writing on the wall. Read it, come May 11.

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Illogical demand


The call of Jamaat-i-Islami that Caretaker Prime Minister Mir Hazar Khan Khoso should convene an all-party conference to work out a policy on the country’s security situation and combating terrorism at a time when the next parliamentary elections are only a few days away, sounds highly illogical for all practical purposes.

JI Amir Syed Munawwar Hasan told reporters in Quetta on Sunday that anti-state forces, on the dictates of foreign powers, are working on an agenda for creating anarchy to derail the electoral exercise. But the Jamaat once again minced words and did not name Tehreek-i-Taliban Pakistan as responsible for the violence This right-wing party apparently has a soft corner for the militants. This is because the TTP had many times in the past sought the guarantee of the chiefs of JI, JUI and the PML-N on a possible treaty with the government . The guarantee was sought when the Awami National Party convened an APC on the same issue in February this year. However, neither Maulana Fazlur Rehman, nor Munawar Hasan nor Nawaz Sharif agreed to stand guarantors most probably because they did not want to be bracketed with the outfit that is proscribed in Pakistan and elsewhere for its extremism and militancy.

This may also be recalled that the Pakistan People’s Party-led government had as back as May 2008 sponsored an APC to seek political leadership’s approval for an operation against militants in Swat and Malakand. The previous government also called a joint session of parliament in October the same year where top intelligence military and civilian officers gave a 15-day in-camera briefing to MPs before adopting a consensus resolution on October 22 which must be acknowledged as Pakistan’s first anti-terror policy and all further steps to rout militancy were taken under this. Most probably the JI demand has already been accepted because there cannot be higher forums than that of 2008 where the menace in all its manifestations was discussed threadbare and line of action determined.

Still despite so huge a task already done, the caretaker administration seems helpless in the wake of a spate of terror attacks and suicide bombing on election offices, candidates and their party workers and even the offices of the Election Commission of Pakistan. Yet, there seems no urgent need to call another APC which will end up nowhere except that the name of Jamaat-i-Islami will be named as the party which sponsored such a conference.
Nevertheless, the Jamaat cannot in any case boost up its election potential.
This has been the JI’s past electoral record since the first free and independent nation polls were held in 1970 when the this party’s candidates returned only on four out of 87 seats in the National Assembly. There does not seem any significant shift in the JI electoral prospect ever since as the people by and large have voted for parties having a secular agenda.

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