900 The Arabian Nights are compiled. Improvements appear in the design and use of the
Astrolabe. The Kharijites establish a dynasty in Sijilmasa, North
Africa. 901 The Samanids emerge in Khorasan, Persia. 902 Al Muktafi becomes the Caliph. 903 The Karamatians plunder Damascus. 904 Muslim armies capture Solonika from the
Byzantines. 907 Abu Abdullah, Fatimid leader, moves to North Africa. 908 Al Muqtadir becomes the Caliph in Baghdad. 909 The Fatimids establish themselves in North Africa. Ubaidulla al Mahdi becomes the first Fatimid Caliph. 910 Al Razi conducts research into infectious diseases
including small pox, rabies and the plague. 912 Reign of Abdul Rahman III in Spain. Cordoba
becomes the premier city of Europe. Golden age of
Spain. 914 Nasr al Saeed of the Samanids in Khorasan favors
the Fatimids over the Abbasids. 915 The Kharijites establish themselves in southern
Morocco. The Fatimids raid Egypt. 922 Mansur al Hallaj, Persian mystic, is executed for his
esoteric views. Beginning of the Tahirid dynasty in Iraq. 923 Death of Abu Tabari, noted commentator on the
Qur’an. 925 Death of al Razi, doctor of medicine. 929 In response to Fatimid claims to the Caliphate, Abdul
Rahman III of Spain assumes the title of Caliph and
protector of Sunni Muslims in North Africa. 930 The Karamatians raid Mecca and carry off the Hijr e
Aswad from the Haram to Bahrain. 931 Abdur Rahman III occupies Ceuta. The Fatimids capture Algeria. 932 The Buyids establish their rule in southern Iraq. Al Qahir becomes the Caliph in Baghdad. 933 The Ishkedids displace the Tulunids in Egypt and rule
until 969. 934 Al Radi becomes the Abbasid Caliph. Al Qaim becomes the Fatimid Caliph. 936 Death of al Ashari, theologian who reconciled
Mu’tazilite doctrines with orthodox theology. 939 Abdul Rahman III of Spain captures Fraxinetum,
Valais, Geneva, Toulon and Great St. Bernard. 940 Extensive postal services are established by the
Abbasids. Al Muttaqi becomes the Abbasid Caliph. 945 The Buyids temporarily capture Baghdad. 946 Al Mutee’ becomes the Abbasid Caliph. Al Mansur becomes the Fatimid Caliph. 950 Death of Al Farabi, noted Sufi Shaykh. 951 The Ikhwan as Safa in Iraq compile an Encyclopedia
of Knowledge. 953 Al Muiz becomes the Fatimid Caliph in North Africa. 955 Sharp naval engagements between the navies of Al
Muiz and Abdul Rahman III off the coast of Spain. 957 Al Masudi, the historian, passes away. 961 Death of Abdul Rahman III. The Oghuz family of Turks in Central Asia accepts
Islam. 962 The Seljuk, Alaptagin, establishes a kingdom in
Ghazna, Afghanistan. 968 The Umayyads establish a university in Cordoba. 969 The Fatimids conquer Egypt and establish the city of
Cairo. 970 The Fatimids capture Syria, Mecca and Madina and
lay claim to the leadership of the Islamic world.
Fatimid rule in Multan (modern Pakistan). Brisk trade
between Alexandria, Egypt and Venice, Italy. 971 The Fatimids establish Al Azhar University in Cairo. 974 Al Ta’ee becomes the Abbasid Caliph. 975 Death of Al Muiz, Fatimid Caliph of Egypt. Al Aziz
becomes the Fatimid Caliph. Muslim astronomers publish manuscripts showing
constellations of stars. 988 Count Vladimir of Kiev embraces Eastern Orthodox
Christianity. 991 Al Qadir becomes the Abbasid Caliph. 996 Al Hakim becomes the Fatimid Caliph. Pope Pious XI declares the Crusades against
Muslims. 997 Mahmud succeeds Alaptagin in Ghazna and
dominates Central Asia. 999 Large scale Turkish migrations into Central Asia. Kara Khani Turks occupy Bukhara. Mahmud of Ghazna annexes Khorasan. 1000 Mahmud makes the first of seventeen raids into
India. The Chinese use gunpowder to propel arrows. 1001 Mahmud starts campaigns to capture Peshawar,
Bhera, Nagarkot, Tarain, Thaneshwar and Kanauj in
India. 1004 Mahmud defeats Dawud, Fatimid ruler of Multan. 1016 The Christians reclaim Sardinia. 1017 Beginning of the Druze sect in Lebanon. 1020 Death of Firdowsi of Persia, author of Shah Nama. Mahmud establishes Lahore as the capital of Punjab. Death of Fatimid Caliph al Hakim who had claimed
divinity. 1021 Al Zahir becomes the Fatimid Caliph. 1024 Mahmud raids temple of Somanath in Gujrat, India. 1025 Al Baruni publishes Kitab ul Hind, a penetrating
study of the people of India. 1030 Death of Mahmud of Ghazna. 1031 The Umayyad Caliphate of Cordoba disintegrates.
Spain breaks up into petty emirates. The Christian
kingdoms of Castille, Leon and Portugal position
themselves to attack the Muslim territories. Al Qaim becomes the Abbasid Caliph in Baghdad. 1032 The Church of Constantinople breaks with the Church
of Rome over the issue of icons in the Church. 1036 Taghril Beg becomes Seljuk Sultan. Al Mustansir becomes the Fatimid Caliph.