MUSLIM SCIENTISTS IN BRIEF
1. Muhammad Bin Musa al-Khwarzami
LIFE :
Place of birth : Khwarzim
Year of birth : 780 A.D.
Year of death : 847 A.D.
FIELDS :
i. Geography
ii. Music
iii. Mathematics
iv. Astronomy
v. History
ACHIEVEMENTS :
i. First to use Zero
ii. Compiled the oldest Astronomical Table
iii. Composed oldest works on Arithmetic and Algebra
iv. GAve analytical solution of linear and quadratic equations
WORKS :
i. " Hisab al-Jabr wal Muqabla "
ii. " Kiab Surat-ul-Ard "
iii. " Kitab al-Tareekh "
iv. " Zijj " --- his own Astronomical table
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2. Abu Ali Hassan Ibn al-Haitham
LIFE :
Place of birth : Basra
Year of birth : 965 A.D.
Year of death : 1040 A.D.
FIELDS :
i. Medicine
ii. Astronomy
iii. Mathematicsiv. Physics
ACHIEVEMENTS :
i. Described nature of light
ii. Described the phenomenon of vision
iii. First to elaborate 2 laws of reflection of light
iv. First to declare that light is the form of energyv. Discovered magnifying glassesvi Opined that Retina is responsible for visionvii. Identified gravity as a forceviii. Discovered the laws of refraction
WORKS :
i. " Kitab al-Manazir " --- Optics
ii. " Mizan al-Hikmah " --- Density of atmosphere
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3. Abu Rehan al-Beruni
LIFE :
Place of birth : Khwarzim
Year of birth : 973 A.D.
Year of death : 1048 A.D.
FIELDS :
i. Metaphysics
ii. Geography
iii. Mathematics
iv. History
v. Philosophy
vi. Physics
ACHIEVEMENTS :
i. Explained problems of advanced trignometry
ii. Hs theory --- Light travels faster than air
iii. Concept of logitude and latitude
iv. His idea --- Earth is not stationary
WORKS :
i. " Kitab al-Hind " --- Travels through India
ii. " Qanun-e-MAsudi " --- Astronomy
iii. " Al-Athar al-Baqia " --- Latitude and Longitude
iv. " Kitab al-Saidana " --- Various medicinesv. " Kitab al-Jawahir " --- Properties of precious stones
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4. Umer Khayam
LIFE :
Place of birth : Khurasan
Year of birth : 1044 A.D.
Year of death : 1123 A.D.
FIELDS :
i. Poetry
ii. Astronomy
iii. Mathematics
iv. Astrology
v. Physics
ACHIEVEMENTS :
i. First one to prove binomial theorem
ii. Classified algebric equations
iii. Introduced the Jalali Calendar
iv. Recognized 13 forms of cubic eqautions
v. Developed accurate method for the determination of specific gravity
WORKS :
i. " De Aspectabus " --- Geometrical and physiological optics
ii. " Al-Tareekh al-Jalali "
iii. " Risala-dar Wajud " --- Metaphysics
iv. " Noroz-nama"v. " Rubaiyat " --- Poetry and figures of Sufism
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5. Abu AIshaq al-Kindi
LIFE :
Place of birth : Kufa
Year of birth : 800 A.D.
Year of death : 873 A.D.
FIELDS :
i. Chemistry
ii. Astronomy
iii. Mathematics
iv. Astrology
v. Music
vi. Philosophy
vii. Physicsvii. Astronomyviii. Logic
ACHIEVEMENTS :
i. Wirked on the reflection of light
ii. Worked on geometrical optics
iii. Defined Philosophy as " The establishment of what is true and right "
iv. Determined and applied correct dosage
v. Explained the laws related to the gravitational fall of the bodies
WORKS :
i. " De Aspectabus " --- Geometrical and physiological optics
ii. " On The Art Of Averting Sorrows "
iii. " De Medicinarum Compositarum Grabidus " --- Maths and Medicine
iv. " Books Of Balances"v. " Philosophical Treatises Og Al-Kindi "
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6. Abu Musa Jabir Bin Hayyan
LIFE :
Place of birth : Tous, Iran
Year of birth : 721 A.D.
Year of death : 815 A.D.
FIELDS :
i. Chemistry
ii. Astronomy
iii. Engineering
iv. Astrology
v. Geology
vi. Philosophy
vii. Physics
viii. Pharmacy
ix. Physiology
ACHIEVEMENTS :
i. Invented over 20 types of chemical laboratoryequipment
ii. Invented new chemical processes
:- Distillation:- Calcination
:- Sublimation
:- Evaporation:- Crystallization
iii. He also discovered:- Sulphuric Acid
:- Hydrochloric Acid
:- Nitric Acid
:- Citric Acid
:- Acetic Acid
:- Aqua Regia
iv. The first to classify Sulphur and Murcury among the metals
v. Preventing rust
vi Engraving gold
vii. Tannong leather
viii. Invented a paper that resisted fire
ix. Invented ink that could be read at night
WORKS :
i. " The Great Book Of Mercy "
ii. " One Hundred And Twelve Books "
iii. " The Book Of The Seventy "
iv. " Books Of Balances"v. " Five Hundred Books "vi. " Composition Of Alchemy "
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