(A) In the maintenance of peace and the protection of human rights, treaties shall be set up
with other nations. The respect for the adherence to
treaties is essential (5:1)
"The fulfilling of obligations". has been emphasised.
(B) If a breach of trust is feared from any nation, the treaty should be returned: (8:58)
"If you fear breach of trust from any group, throw back (their covenant) to them (so as to be)
on equal footing, for Allah loveth not the treacherous."
If you fear being betrayed on the part of any nation, do not break the covenant without first
informing them; inform them first so that both the parties come to the same level. If the
premature cancellation of the covenant causes them a loss, it ought to be compensated, so as
to come to equality of terms, for the Divine Law disapproves the breach of commitment. If
you do not agree to the renewal of treaty, that should also be communicated to the other party
beforehand, so that those likely to be affected adversely can make the necessary alternative
arrangements. The same procedure was adopted in dealing with the opponents after the
conquest of Makkah; its details are given in the first four verses of Surah Taubah (9:1-4) But
if the other party breaks the covenant without reason, war is allowed against them. [see details
in (9:12-13)].
(C) If the enemy joins hands with a group which enjoys a treaty (of peace) with you, the war
against them shall be discontinued. The same applies to those who remain neutral. (4:90).
(D) Against those with whom you have a treaty of mutual alliance, even the Muslims will not
be extended help (8:72).
Detailed injunctions in these matters also relate to wars; therefore only the pointers have been
described at this juncture.