In an Islamic State, the spreading of sedition, (creating dispersion, diminution of peace and to
bring about lawlessness) or mutiny against it, are the most serious crimes for which the
punishment is very severe. Thus it is said: (5:33)
"The result of their tumultuous attitude is that when a system of justice has been established
in the country in which there is peace all round, instead of living a peaceful life, they continue
their subversive activities. This is tantamount to rebellion against the system based on justice
and statute. In such a case the punishment of those who rebel against the central authority of
the state and strive to create disorder within its boundaries, is their execution or crucification,
or the cutting of hands and feet from opposite sides, or banishment from this land (or
deprivation from general privileges) i.e. any of those relevant to their crime. This punishment
shall be their disgrace in this life and a heavy punishment is theirs in the Hereafter as well.
That is because one result of this crime is related to the society which it is necessary to check
and the other has its effect on the person of the offender (4:111) which results in the
disintegration of his personality which shall be the cause of his destruction in the life
Hereafter."
But if these people repent before being taken in (retract from their rebellious course), they
shall not be punished. The verse following the one above, explains: (5:34)
"Except for those who retract from their activities before their being subdued by you: keep in
mind that in that case the Divine Law may spare them from the punishment and they may not
be deprived of the common privileges."
The Holy Quran has described at other places, those who wage a war against the Islamic
System. [See (9:63); (58:5-20)].
(a) Leaving aside actual rebellion against this System by such people, even to have relations
of affinity with them is a crime: (58:22)
"As it is a fact that truth and falsehood are opposite to each other, so how can it then be
possible that people who believe in Allah and in the life Hereafter, befriend those who resist
the Divine System even though they were their fathers or their sons, or their brothers or their
kindred. [(3:117); (60:4)]."
(b) To betray the trust of an Islamic Government is also a crime: (8:27)
"Oh you
who
believe! It is essential for you neither to betray the Divine System (Allah and His Rasool), nor
misappropriate knowingly in discharging the duties assigned to you. You know what shall be
its result."
To advocate the cause of those who betray the trust is also a crime: (4:107); (4:105)
"So be not amongst those who advocate for the perfidious".
It is also a crime to conspire and to hold secret meetings in order to discuss unlawful affairs:
(58:9)
"O you who believe! When you hold secret counsel, do it not for iniquity, hostility and
disobedience to the Divine System. Always hold counsels for righteousness and self-restraint."
It is incumbent on an Islamic State to make them a part of their constitution in an appropriate
form.