Overpopulation in under-developed countries
Essay Outline
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1st paragraph
There was a time when a large population was considered advantageous to a country in order to fight wars and be part of the workforce. Now, however, it is considered disastrous for a country because it means more mouths to feed. The rapid increase in the population over the last three centuries begs the question as to whether planet Earth will be able to sustain a continuously growing population.
Overpopulation occurs when the number of people in a given region increases more than the environment can support. Food availability, water supply, climate conditions, and living space are some of the basic resources needed to survive. Taken in this respect, deserts, although sparsely inhabited, are an example of overpopulated regions, because they are unable to sustain life.
While some are worried as to the negative impact of a fast growing population in terms of the risk of starvation or the overuse of non-renewable resources, others argue that the more important issue is that of the decrease in the quality of life.
The development of agriculture around 10,000 B.C. led to the rise in population because food availability increased. Before that, the people subsisted on hunting and gathering.
The world population was reduced considerably by the Great Famine and the Black Death of the 14th century.
New crops were brought by the Spanish conquistadors to Asia and Europe from the Americas in the 16th century and they contributed to the rise in population.
The European Agricultural Revolution and the Industrial Revolution in the 1700s and 1800s are credited with the increase in the life expectancy of children.
Population in the West increased due to compulsory vaccination and improvements in medicine and sanitation. Living conditions and health care improved during the 19th century leading to an increase in the population.
The first half of the 20th century saw great decrease in population due to wars (WWI and WWII), famines and other disasters.
While the developed nations population soon stabilized, many developing countries experienced a rapid growth in population over the past century.
During the 20th century, the world population saw the greatest increase from 1.6 billion in 1990 to over 6 billion in 2000. Most of this population increase occurred in the developing countries. Growth still remains high in Asia, Latin America, the Middle East and Sub-Saharan Africa.
In some countries the population has decreased over time, especially in Europe due to low fertility rates.
The ten most populated countries are China, India, United States, Indonesia, Brazil, Pakistan, Nigeria, Bangladesh, Russia and Japan.
The United Nations reports that about 850 million people are malnourished or starving and 1.1 billion people do not have access to safe drinking water. An increase in population is only going to exacerbate the situation as some argue that the Earth can support 6 billion people at the cost of many living in misery.